Federalists v anti federalists
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The Bill of Rights was needed to ratify the Constitution because there was significant debate between Federalists and Anti-Federalists during the ratification process. The Anti-Federalists were concerned that the Constitution did not adequately protect individual liberties and wanted stronger protections for things like freedom of speech and religion. New York narrowly ratified the Constitution, but the Anti-Federalists succeeded in having the first 10 amendments, known as the Bill of Rights, added to address civil liberties.
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American ambassadors were sent to Paris to negotiate with France after tensions arose between the two countries. France demanded money from the U.S. during these negotiations. In response, President John Adams signed the Alien and Sedition Acts in 1798, making it harder for French immigrants, or aliens. Specifically, the Acts increased the residency requirement for citizenship from 5 to 14 years, allowed the President to deport dangerous aliens without trial, and made it illegal to publish false and malicious writing against the government. This divided the Federalist and Democratic-Republican parties on whether the laws were necessary to ensure national security or an overreach of federal power.
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Constitutional convention ppt
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The document outlines the key principles of the US Constitution. It begins by explaining that the Preamble introduces the Constitution and establishes that "We the people" created the US government. It then lists the 6 main principles as separation of powers, checks and balances, popular sovereignty, republicanism, federalism, and supremacy of national laws/judicial review. It provides details about each principle, such as how separation of powers divides the government into three branches and how federalism divides power between the national and state governments. The document aims to explain the foundational rules and beliefs that guide the Constitution.
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Andrew Jackson's policies regarding Native American removal inhibited the cause of democracy in three key ways:
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2) The Indian Removal Act authorized the president to negotiate removal treaties with Native Americans through misleading and coercive means, rather than obtaining genuine consent.
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Washington's leadership brought legitimacy to the presidency in several key ways:
1) As the unanimous choice for first president, he established the presidency as a respected office.
2) He established important precedents such as the cabinet and federal judiciary that defined the branches of government.
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2) The Indian Removal Act authorized the president to negotiate removal treaties with Native Americans through misleading and coercive means, rather than obtaining genuine consent.
3) Jackson's forced removal of the Cherokee on the Trail of Tears, which resulted in thousands of deaths, disregarded Native American sovereignty and rights in favor of white settlers and the states' interests over the rule of law.
Hw#21 ppt
The Indian Removal Act of 1830 authorized the president to negotiate treaties to move Native American tribes west of the Mississippi River. This led to the forced removal of the Cherokee nation from their lands in Georgia along the Trail of Tears, where over 4,000 Cherokee died as they were forced to march over 800 miles to Oklahoma at gunpoint. The name "Trail of Tears" comes from the Cherokee translation of the immense suffering they endured during the removal.
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John Adams handled the conflict with France by sending diplomats to discuss neutral rights after French ships began seizing American vessels. The French agents demanded a bribe and loan before negotiating, known as the XYZ Affair. Adams told Congress but avoided war, instead strengthening the navy. The Federalist party split over whether to go to war with France, with Hamilton wanting war and Adams wanting to avoid it. The Alien and Sedition Acts raised states' rights issues by allowing deportation of aliens and criticism of government to be outlawed, which Jefferson and Republicans opposed by arguing states could nullify federal laws.
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George Washington was elected as the first President of the United States. He faced challenges in establishing the role of the presidency and setting precedents for the new government. Washington appointed the first cabinet, including Thomas Jefferson as Secretary of State and Alexander Hamilton as Secretary of Treasury. Hamilton proposed an ambitious economic plan that was opposed by Southern states. Washington issued the Proclamation of Neutrality to keep America out of conflicts between European nations. He later declined to run for a third term, warning of the dangers of political parties in his farewell address.
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The document summarizes the key events and outcomes of the 1787 Constitutional Convention. It notes that 55 delegates from 12 states (except Rhode Island) attended, including George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, and James Madison. They decided to discard the Articles of Confederation and write a new Constitution. There were opposing plans from James Madison and the small states, which were resolved by compromises, including equal representation of states in the Senate and proportional representation in the House. The Constitution was then ratified after intense debate between Federalists and opponents.
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This document provides information about political parties in the United States. It defines a political party as a group that seeks to control government by winning elections and holding public office. The two major parties are the Republicans and Democrats. Political parties serve several functions, including nominating candidates, informing and inspiring voters, and ensuring candidates are qualified. Minor parties also exist but do not have wide support. The US system encourages two major parties due to single-member districts and plurality voting.
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The document summarizes the key differences between the Federalist and Republican parties in early American politics. The Federalists, led by figures like Washington, Hamilton, and Adams, believed in a strong central government, loose interpretation of the Constitution, and policies to help businesses. Republicans, led by Jefferson and Madison, favored states' rights, strict interpretation of the Constitution, and an agriculture-based economy. The document outlines the major policies and contributions of key figures from both parties that helped shape the American identity and two-party political system in the early years.
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The document summarizes the key differences between the Federalist and Republican parties in early American politics. The Federalists, led by figures like Washington, Hamilton, and Adams, believed in a strong central government, loose interpretation of the Constitution, and policies to help businesses. Republicans, led by Jefferson and Madison, favored states' rights, strict interpretation, and an agriculture-based economy. Key events and policies of the Federalist and Republican presidencies are also outlined, showing the shifting political landscape and identity of early America.
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The document summarizes key aspects of the US Executive Branch, including the presidency, bureaucracy, and historical trends. It outlines constitutional qualifications for the presidency, presidential duties and styles of leadership. It also discusses precedents set by early presidents like Washington, challenges faced by Lincoln during the Civil War, and modern presidents from Teddy Roosevelt to Bill Clinton. The bureaucracy section outlines the White House staff, executive departments, and civil service system.
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The document provides information about early U.S. censuses and city populations from 1790 to 1810. It states that the first U.S. census in 1790 was required by the Constitution to determine taxation and congressional representation. It counted free people and excluded Native Americans, counting "three-fifths of all other Persons," likely referring to slaves. A table shows the populations of several U.S. cities grew substantially between 1790 and 1810, with New York growing the most and Boston growing the least.
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The document summarizes the events leading up to the creation of the Declaration of Independence, including that the Second Continental Congress decided to officially separate from Britain. Thomas Jefferson was selected to write a document explaining the reasons why the colonies wanted to separate from Great Britain. The Declaration of Independence listed grievances against King George III and included a preamble, declaration of rights, list of grievances, and resolution. A series of acts by Britain and events like the Boston Massacre contributed to growing tensions that led to the American Revolution and the need for a document formalizing independence.
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Westward expansion increased sectionalism in the United States by deepening economic and social differences between regions. As new lands opened in the West, the North focused on industry and opposed slavery's expansion, while the South wanted to protect its agricultural economy based on plantation slavery. Henry Clay believed sectionalism was harmful to the country by dividing loyalty to regions rather than the nation as a whole.
Hw#24 the california gold rush of 1849
The California Gold Rush began in 1848 when gold was discovered by James Marshall at Sutter's Mill near Sacramento. Word of the discovery quickly spread, with some 80,000 prospectors, called "forty-niners", traveling to California in 1849 hoping to strike it rich. The influx of miners and settlers transformed California, leading to its statehood in 1850. While some miners succeeded in finding gold, others faced harsh conditions and discrimination, especially Chinese immigrants. The Gold Rush spurred major economic and population growth in California and the western United States.
Hw#31 immigration
The document discusses three waves of immigration to the United States: Old immigrants from northern Europe between 1600-1850 who settled on farms in the Midwest; New immigrants from southern and eastern Europe between 1860-1920 who moved to cities in the Northeast and worked in factories and mines; and modern immigrants since 1965 from Latin America and Asia. It notes the reasons for immigration included economic opportunities, religious/political persecution, and the promise of freedoms in the US. New immigrants initially arrived at Ellis Island or Angel Island and faced inspections before entering the country. Their expectations of America contrasted with the difficult living conditions they encountered in urban tenements and sweatshops. The massive immigration during this period resulted in a population shift from rural to urban
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Chapter 2 - Articles, Constitutional Convention & Ratification
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The document discusses ongoing policy and legal debates around the scope and limits of powers granted to different branches of government by the Constitution. It analyzes how the Constitution has been interpreted and applied to modern issues like healthcare, debt, and immigration.
Civics201
The document provides an overview of government in the United States from the local to federal level. It discusses the separation of powers between the legislative, executive, and judicial branches at the federal level as outlined in the Constitution. It also summarizes state and local governments, noting that counties and cities are granted authority by state governments. Homeowners associations are established through covenants and have limited authority over private property use. The layers of government work together with higher levels granting authority to lower ones.
1.2 day 2 freedom vs. security
The document summarizes the debate between Federalists and Anti-Federalists over ratifying the US Constitution. It describes key points:
1) Federalists supported a strong central government and argued it was needed to prevent political disorder, protect from enemies, and solve domestic problems. Anti-Federalists wanted more state power and inclusion of a Bill of Rights.
2) The Constitutional Convention drafted a new Constitution in 1787 to replace the failing Articles of Confederation. Ratification was disputed with Federalists and Anti-Federalists advocating different viewpoints.
3) Federalists eventually agreed to add a Bill of Rights to gain support, and the states all ratified the new Constitution by 1789. The debate
Unit 2 part 1 power point
The document provides an overview of the structure and purposes of the US government based on the Constitution. It discusses the following key points:
1) Shays' Rebellion showed weaknesses in the Articles of Confederation and led delegates to convene the Constitutional Convention to establish a new framework.
2) The Convention established a new Constitution with compromises reached on issues like representation in Congress and the Three-Fifths Compromise.
3) The new Constitution established a federal system of government that divided power between the national and state governments. It was ratified after debate between Federalists and Anti-Federalists.
Closing the Constitutional Convention
The Constitutional Convention debated issues of representation and voting as they worked to agree on a Constitution. Once signed by 39 of the remaining 42 delegates, the Constitution would need to be ratified by the states. The framers designed a republican form of government inspired by British, Greek, Roman, and Enlightenment influences. They sought to define and limit government powers through a system of separation of powers and checks and balances. Key compromises included the Great Compromise on representation and the Three-Fifths Compromise on counting slaves for population.
Bundle of Compromises - Civics & Economics
The document discusses several compromises that were made during the creation of the US Constitution. It describes debates between large and small states over representation in Congress, free and slave states over counting slaves for representation, and loose and strict constitutional interpreters over the flexibility of government powers. Compromises included the Connecticut Plan for bicameral legislature, the Three-Fifths Compromise for counting slaves, allowing the slave trade for 20 years, establishing the Electoral College, adding the Bill of Rights, and including the Elastic Clause.
Constitution Convention Project
The document summarizes key events leading up to and aspects of the Constitutional Convention of 1787. It discusses the economic difficulties following the Revolutionary War, Shays' Rebellion, weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation, key figures at the Convention, compromises reached, and differences between Federalists and Anti-Federalists. The Convention was called to address issues with the Articles of Confederation and resulted in the Constitution being drafted over the summer of 1787 in Philadelphia.
508
The document provides an overview of a lesson on how the US Constitution applies today. It discusses how the Constitution continues to guide American lives through Supreme Court rulings, new laws, and defining the relationship between federal and state governments. It also notes that the Constitution can be amended to address modern issues, and highlights how celebrations like Constitution Day remind us of its continued importance.
101 Things
The document provides an overview of 101 civics and economic concepts to know for an end-of-course exam, organized into 7 goals. It covers topics related to US and state government, economics, and the US legal system. Key points include the reasons for settling the colonies, how the colonial economies developed differently, influential documents and events in the American Revolution, the structure and principles of US government, how state and local governments operate, economic concepts like scarcity and markets, and components of the US legal system like common law and criminal law.
Ch 7 sec 3
The delegates at the Constitutional Convention were sworn to secrecy and required to obtain permission before publishing or communicating the details of the Convention. There were likely two main reasons for this secrecy rule: 1) to allow for open debate and compromise between the delegates without positions becoming public, and 2) to prevent other groups or states from trying to influence the deliberations or outcomes before a final agreement was reached.
Ratifying the constituon
The Constitution reflects the times in which it was written in several ways:
- It established a stronger central government than under the Articles of Confederation, which had proved too weak during the 1780s. However, it balanced this strength with checks and balances to avoid concentrating too much power.
- There was debate over how much power to give the federal government versus retaining power for the states. The Federalists favored a stronger national government while the Anti-Federalists wanted to preserve more state power and autonomy.
- Issues like slavery and the rights of states were controversial but compromises had to be made to get the Constitution ratified, so some issues were left ambiguous or unaddressed to allow for future interpretation and development.
Constitutional convention creating constitution
The Constitutional Convention was called in Philadelphia in 1787 to replace the Articles of Confederation. Delegates debated plans like the Virginia Plan, which proposed a strong federal government, and the New Jersey Plan, which supported state equality. They compromised with the Great Compromise, which created a bicameral Congress. They also agreed to the Three-Fifths Compromise to determine representation of slaves. The delegates established three branches of government and a process for amending the Constitution. After signing, the Constitution had to be ratified by nine states, which was achieved in 1788, establishing the new U.S. government.
Constitutional convention creating constitution
The Constitutional Convention was called in Philadelphia in 1787 to replace the Articles of Confederation. Delegates debated plans like the Virginia Plan, which proposed a strong federal government, and the New Jersey Plan, which supported state equality. They compromised with the Great Compromise, which created a bicameral Congress. They also agreed to the Three-Fifths Compromise to determine representation of slaves. The delegates established three branches of government and a process for amending the Constitution. After signing, the Constitution had to be ratified by nine states, which was achieved in 1788, establishing the new U.S. government.
Constitutional Convention Simulation
The document describes a simulated experience where students take on the roles of delegates at the 1787 Constitutional Convention. They are introduced to the historical context and environment of the convention. They debate key issues around the structure of the new government, particularly representation in Congress and counting slaves. A compromise is reached on both. On September 17th, delegates who supported the Constitution sign it, while some refuse due to specific objections.
Ch. 2 The Constitution
The Founding leading to the ratification of the U.S. Constitution. Introduction to the Federalist Papers and their usefulness for ratification. Discuss the Bill of Rights.
Hogan's History- Establishing the U.S. Government
The document summarizes key events and ideas in the establishment of the US government under the Constitution. It discusses:
1) The Articles of Confederation, the first national governing document which proved ineffective. Daniel Shay's Rebellion demonstrated the need for change.
2) Enlightenment thinkers like Locke and Rousseau influenced the founding era with ideas of natural rights and consent of the governed.
3) The Constitutional Convention drafted the US Constitution to replace the Articles, giving more power to the national government while establishing separation of powers and checks and balances between the three branches.
4) The Bill of Rights protects individual liberties and limits government power through amendments like freedom of speech and religion and due process.
Soc studies #16 the constitution
The document summarizes the key events and compromises that led to the creation of the U.S. Constitution. It explains that the Constitutional Convention was called to revise the Articles of Confederation but resulted in an entirely new framework of government. Major points of contention, like state representation and slavery, were addressed through compromises. This established a system of checks and balances across three branches of government at both the federal and state levels.
Constitutional Underpinnings & Ratification
The document summarizes the history leading up to the ratification of the US Constitution, including weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation, debates at the Constitutional Convention, and compromises reached. Key events included Shay's Rebellion illustrating weaknesses of the Articles, debates around state representation and the Three-Fifths Compromise, and the Federalist Papers advocating for ratification. The final Constitution established a federal government with separated powers to balance state and federal authority.
2 -4 the constitutional convention
The document summarizes the key events and compromises that occurred during the Constitutional Convention in 1787. It describes the major disagreements between large and small states over representation in Congress. The Connecticut Compromise resolved this issue by creating a bicameral legislature with proportional representation in the House and equal representation in the Senate. It also discusses the Three-Fifths Compromise to determine state populations for legislative seats and taxes. The document outlines the arguments made by Federalists in support of the Constitution and Anti-Federalists concerned about a strong central government.
A more perfect union
Delegates met in Philadelphia to revise the Articles of Confederation but instead created the U.S. Constitution. The Constitution established a new national government with three branches of power and a system of checks and balances. It was a compromise between large and small states on issues like representation and slavery. The Constitution was ratified after debate between Federalists, who supported it, and Anti-Federalists, who initially opposed it without a bill of rights.
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Chapter 2 - Articles, Constitutional Convention & Ratification
Chapter 2 - Articles, Constitutional Convention & Ratification
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Hw#33 labor unions
Labor unions used collective bargaining and strikes to attempt to improve working conditions for workers. Through collective bargaining, unions would negotiate with employers to reach agreements on issues like wages, hours, and safety conditions. If negotiations failed, unions would call strikes as a tactic to put pressure on employers. However, early strikes were often met with violence from employers, police, and use of federal troops. Over time, unions continued to organize and use strikes to gain bargaining power and protections, such as the Wagner Act which legally protected the right to unionize.
Hw#31
Industrialization and urbanization in the United States had some negative impacts. Industrialization led to poor working conditions in factories and pollution from manufacturing. Urbanization resulted in overcrowded cities with inadequate housing, infrastructure, and public services for the large populations that migrated to urban areas for work in the late 19th century.
Hw#28
The document discusses whether late 19th century American industrialists should be remembered as "robber barons" or "captains of industry". It provides context on trusts, monopolies, and laissez-faire economic policies that allowed businesses like Carnegie Steel, Standard Oil, and J.P. Morgan's companies to consolidate power with little government interference. While some viewed the industrialists' tactics critically and called them robber barons, others maintained they acted as captains of industry by increasing productivity and jobs.
Hw#4 principles of the constitution
The document outlines the six key principles of the US Constitution:
1. Separation of powers which divides government into three branches
2. Checks and balances where each branch limits the power of the others through veto powers and overrides
3. Popular sovereignty whereby the government derives its power from the people
4. Republicanism ensuring government is run by elected representatives of the people
5. Federalism dividing power between national and state governments
6. Supremacy of national laws and judicial review giving the national government authority over states and the Supreme Court power to invalidate laws.
Hw#4 principles of the constitution
The document outlines the six key principles of the US Constitution:
1. Separation of powers which divides the government into three branches.
2. Checks and balances where each branch limits the power of the others through veto powers, judicial oversight, and legislative overrides.
3. Popular sovereignty which establishes that the government's authority comes from the people.
Hw#4 mercantilism
Mercantilism was an economic system where countries aimed to export more than they imported in order to accumulate wealth. Under this system, colonies provided raw materials to their "mother country" since importing goods was discouraged. Great Britain passed laws like the Navigation Acts to enforce mercantilism and benefit themselves. However, they needed more labor from colonies to produce goods like wood and cotton. This led to the growth of the transatlantic slave trade, as slaves provided a source of free labor that could meet the increasing demands of mercantilism.
Washington-DuBois-Garvey
This document discusses different approaches taken by Booker T. Washington, W.E.B. Du Bois, and Marcus Garvey to address problems faced by African Americans after the Reconstruction era. Washington advocated for vocational training and cooperation between blacks and whites to achieve economic prosperity and social equality. Du Bois argued for consistent advocacy of civil and social rights to ensure equal opportunities and safety. Garvey promoted the creation of black nations in Africa as the only solution due to overcrowding in America threatening African Americans. Students are asked to determine which approach they feel would be most effective.
Reconstruction
This document discusses the Supreme Court case Plessy v. Ferguson (1896). The key details are:
- In 1890, Louisiana passed a law requiring "equal but separate accommodations" for black and white races on railway trains.
- In 1892, Homer Plessy, who was of mixed race, refused to move to the segregated car for black passengers and was arrested.
- The case went to the Supreme Court to determine if the law violated the 13th and 14th Amendments.
- The Court ruled against Plessy, establishing the "separate but equal" doctrine that allowed racial segregation if facilities were equal, which effectively upheld Jim Crow laws.
Lincoln's actions ppt
Lincoln tried to preserve the Union during the Civil War in several ways:
1) In his first inaugural address, he pledged there would be no war unless the South started it and that his goal was to preserve the Union and stop the spread of slavery, not necessarily end it.
2) He suspended habeas corpus in 1861 to arrest Confederate sympathizers and prevent rebellion.
3) He issued the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863, which freed all slaves in rebelling Confederate states and changed the purpose of the war to one of freeing slaves in addition to preserving the Union.
4) He called for a military draft in 1863 to bolster the Union army.
Slavery compromises
The document summarizes several compromises that were attempted in the United States in the 1800s to address the issue of expanding slavery into new western territories:
- The Missouri Compromise of 1820 allowed Missouri to enter the union as a slave state but banned slavery in territories above the 36°30' parallel, except Missouri.
- The Compromise of 1850 admitted California as a free state, organized Utah and New Mexico with popular sovereignty, and strengthened the Fugitive Slave Act.
- The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 also organized the territories of Kansas and Nebraska with popular sovereignty, fueling tensions and violence known as "Bleeding Kansas" over the slavery issue.
Sectionalism
The document discusses sectionalism in the United States brought about by the westward expansion and the issue of whether new territories should enter the union as slave or free states. It provides discussion questions and tasks for students, including having them read positions from Calhoun and Webster on the issue and respond with a mock tweet agreeing with one of them.
Homestead & pacific railway acts copy
The United States encouraged settlement of the West through two key laws:
1. The Homestead Act of 1862 gave land to settlers who farmed the land for 5 years, aiming to encourage migration. However, many struggled to meet requirements or afford keeping the lands.
2. The Pacific Railway Act provided land grants and funding to railroad companies to build a transcontinental railroad, linking the East and West coasts and facilitating migration. This increased migration to the Western interior but also brought challenges.
Hw#23 the california gold rush of 1849
The California Gold Rush began in 1848 when gold was discovered at Sutter's Mill by James Marshall. News of the discovery spread quickly, attracting around 80,000 prospectors, known as "forty-niners", to California in 1849 hoping to strike it rich. The Gold Rush transformed California from a sparsely-populated territory into a major economic force, leading to its statehood in 1850. While some prospectors succeeded in finding gold, most failed and boom towns came and went as mining sites were depleted.
Manifest destiny ppt
1) Americans justified westward expansion through the belief in "Manifest Destiny", the idea that it was God's plan for America to control all of North America.
2) They expanded westward through various means such as treaties, purchases of territory like the Louisiana Purchase, and wars with Mexico which resulted in additional land acquisitions.
3) Between 1820 and 1850, 4 million Americans moved west, helping to populate and claim more of the western lands, furthering the cause of Manifest Destiny.
Mexican american war-causes (1)
The United States annexed Texas in 1845, which Mexico still claimed as its territory. This caused a border dispute between the Rio Grande and Nueces Rivers. Tensions escalated after U.S. troops occupied the Rio Grande, which Mexico saw as an invasion. In 1846, shots were fired between U.S. and Mexican soldiers, prompting President Polk to ask Congress to declare war on Mexico.
Indian removal
President Andrew Jackson's signing of the Indian Removal Act and its impact on Native Americans is examined. Students are asked to choose whether they want to hear from President Jackson defending the Act or from Native Americans explaining how it affected them. A political cartoon portrays Jackson and the treatment of indigenous people, and students are prompted to discuss whether the Cherokees were uncivilized and if Jackson should remain on the $20 bill.
Andrew jackson
Andrew Jackson advanced the cause of democracy in some ways but may have also inhibited it in others. He was described as a "common man" president who helped expand suffrage, but he also opposed the National Bank and centralized federal power in the presidency. Overall, the document discusses whether Jackson's presidency advanced or inhibited democracy in the United States.
Voting rights
The document discusses how voting rights in the United States have changed over time. It notes that while the Constitution did not originally specify who had the right to vote, leaving it up to states, voting rights have been a source of controversy as groups like women, minorities, the poor, and youth have had to fight to gain this basic right. It describes an activity where students are assigned groups to research significant events that both limited and increased voting rights for that group over time.
Hw#17 voting rights
Voting rights in the US have expanded over time. Originally only white male landowners could vote. African Americans gained the right to vote with the 15th Amendment in 1870, but still faced barriers like literacy tests and poll taxes. The 24th Amendment banned poll taxes in 1964. The Voting Rights Act of 1965 reinforced protections. Women gained the right to vote in 1920 via the 19th Amendment. American Indians became citizens in 1924. The District of Columbia gained voting rights in 1961 under the 23rd Amendment. The 26th Amendment lowered the voting age to 18 in 1971.
3.electoral college ppt
The document discusses the electoral college system for electing the U.S. president. It provides background on why the founders established the electoral college, as they lacked confidence in voters across the country having enough information to vote intelligently in a national election. It then has students consider whether this reason still applies today. Students are asked to list pros and cons of the electoral college in groups. Several pros (e.g. encourages two-party system, gives small states a voice) and cons (e.g. possibility of electing a minority president, faithless electors, may decrease voter turnout) are provided. Finally, students are asked to reflect on whether the electoral college is the best system or if another option would
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Federalists v anti federalists
- 1. Aim: Why was the Bill of Rights needed to ratify the Constitution? Do Now: What would you say to the people in the video?
- 2. One of the biggest debates at the Constitutional Convention was over representation… • Populous states wanted proportional representation • Emptier states wanted equal representation. • The Great Compromise solved the problem. Congress would have two legislative houses—a Congress (with 2 Senators from each state) and a House of Representatives (with 1 Representative for every 30,000 people).
- 3. • Anti-Federalists thought that the solution was not good enough. They wanted more representation. They worried that 1 person could not adequately represent 30,000 people. Federalists disagreed. • After the Constitution was written, it had to be ratified by 9 states. There were very extensive debates between Federalists (who supported the Constitution) and Anti- Federalists (who opposed a strong central government). • Today, we are going to read some documents from the New York Constitution Ratification Convention in June 1787, which was the most heatedly debated of all the states.
- 4. Task: 1. Get into pairs 2. Read your card 3. Complete your section of the organizer 4. Share with your partner
- 6. Discuss…. 1. If you could have chosen, what side would you have supported? 2. Why would some Americans prefer the Federalists position? 3. Do you see versions of these issues being debated today?
- 7. • New York ratified the Constitution by a vote of 30-27 (a very narrow margin of victory). • The Anti-Federalists lost the battle, but won the war. The first 10 amendments to the Constitution—the Bill of Rights—were ratified in 1791. These addressed many of the issues that the Anti-Federalists raised in the conventions. What actually happened…
- 9. Closure: Why was the Bill of Rights needed to ratify the Constitution?