The document summarizes several compromises that were attempted in the United States in the 1800s to address the issue of expanding slavery into new western territories: - The Missouri Compromise of 1820 allowed Missouri to enter the union as a slave state but banned slavery in territories above the 36°30' parallel, except Missouri. - The Compromise of 1850 admitted California as a free state, organized Utah and New Mexico with popular sovereignty, and strengthened the Fugitive Slave Act. - The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 also organized the territories of Kansas and Nebraska with popular sovereignty, fueling tensions and violence known as "Bleeding Kansas" over the slavery issue.

1. Slavery
Compromises
How should the issue of slavery
be addressed within the new
territories?

2. Do Now: How should the issue of slavery be
addressed within the new territories?

3. The Missouri Compromise 1820
The territory of Missouri’s request for admission
to the Union as a slave state, threatened to
upset the balance between 11 slave states and
11 free states.
To keep the peace and balance between free
and slave, Congress created a 2-part
compromise;
• Allowing Missouri to be slave state
• Admitting Maine as a free state
• It also drew an imaginary line establishing
a boundary between free and slave

4. Henry Clay
• Senator Henry Clay
suggested drawing a
line at the 36º-30' N.
latitude.
• Slavery would be
banned everywhere
north of this line.

5. In 1820, Henry Clay negotiated the
Missouri Compromise
Missouri
became a slave
state
Maine broke from
Massachusetts
& became a free state
Slavery was outlawed in all western
territories above the latitude of

6. Slave states v. Free states

7. • California admitted as a free state
• New Mexico and Utah territory
organized on basis of popular
sovereignty (the people in the states will vote to
decide.)
• Fugitive Slave Act made federal
government responsible for catching &
returning escaped slaves
• Slave trade (but not slavery) abolished
in Washington DC
The Compromise of 1850

8. The Compromise of 1850 solved the sectional
dispute between North & South
California
entered as
a free state
The people of Utah &
New Mexico could
vote
to allow or ban slavery
(popular sovereignty)
A stronger Fugitive Slave
Law was created that
allowed Southerners to
recapture slaves in the North
The slave trade
ended in
Washington
DC

9. Slave states v. Free states
1850

11. Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)
• The remaining Louisiana territory
was split into 2 territories (Kansas
and Nebraska) and organized on
basis of popular sovereignty
(people decided whether to keep or
abolish slavery in Kansas and Nebraska)

12. Fight in Congress!
• Charles Sumner, a Senator from
Massachusetts attacked the authors of the
Kansas-Nebraska Act, Senators Stephen
Douglas and Andrew Butler in a speech he
delivered in the Senate.
• Sumner also made fun of Butler's speaking
ability, which had been impeded by a recent
stroke…
• Representative Preston Brooks, Butler’s
cousin was infuriated and decided to defend
his cousin by beating Summer with his
walking cane. Summer almost died from the

13. Summer is almost killed!

14. Brooks Beats Sumner

15. Bleeding Kansas
• Anti-slavery (poor farmers who
couldn’t compete with plantation slave-
owners) and pro-slavery were not able
to come to an agreement…
• “Bleeding Kansas”: the disagreement
turned into a bloody conflict with riots
and murder

16. Free-soilers from
Kansas voted against
slavery
Thousands of pro-slavery
Missouri residents crossed
the border & voted for
slavery
The vote revealed a pro-slavery
victory which led to a violent civil war
in Kansas
This incident became known as
“Bleeding Kansas”

17. The Kansas-Nebraska ended the
Missouri Compromise

18. Slave states v. Free states

20. Abraham
Lincoln,
Speech
delivered in
1858 in Illinois
“A house divided against
itself cannot stand. I believe
this government cannot
endure, permanently, half
slave and half free. I do not
expect the Union to be
dissolved — I do not expect
the house to fall — but I do
expect it will cease to be
divided. It will become all
one thing or all the other.”
Do you agree with Abraham
Lincoln?