Delegates met in Philadelphia to revise the Articles of Confederation but instead created the U.S. Constitution. The Constitution established a new national government with three branches of power and a system of checks and balances. It was a compromise between large and small states on issues like representation and slavery. The Constitution was ratified after debate between Federalists, who supported it, and Anti-Federalists, who initially opposed it without a bill of rights.

1. A More Perfect Union

2. What happens in Philadelphia? 55 Delegates meet to “fix: Articles of Confederation They end up with a new government…The Constitution

3. Preamble We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility , provide for the common defense, promote the general Welfare , and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity , do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.

4. Structure of Government Legislative: make laws Executive: Carry out/ enforce laws Judicial: Applies/interprets the laws

5. The Issues Representation- How did the A of C handle this? Slavery The President

6. The Constitution as a document of compromise. Representation Slavery

7. Virginia Plan (Big State) 2 house legislature (bicameral) Representation based on population Big states would have more votes in Congress Slaves would count

8. New Jersey Plan (small state) One house congress (unicameral) Representation would be equal among the states Slaves would not count

9. The Great Compromise 2 houses One based on population One with equal representation

10. What about Slaves? Would count 3/5 th of a white person Slave trade would last 20 more years

11. How was the Constitution balanced? Framers took care to provide a balance of power between individual states and the new national government supremacy clause: The Constitution is the supreme Law of the Land reserved powers clause : The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people."

12. How was the Constitution balanced? Separation of Powers: Each branch has its own powers Checks & Balances: Each branch can stop another branches actions

13. Compromise Balance Flexibility

15. Powers of each branch Tax… Appoint judges Impeach Pres Make treaties Spend $$$ Can void unconstitutional laws Direct army Declare war Trials between states Veto bills Override veto Judicial Executive Legislative

16. The Constitution as a document of flexibility. Admission of new states (new land could become equal states) Amendments (Did not need 100% agreement) Necessary-and-Proper Clause

17. The Constitution as a document of flexibility. Necessary-and-Proper Clause Article 1, Section 8 gives Congress the power to "make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper" for the nation. Is this a good idea?

18. To take effect, the Constitution needed to be ratified popularly elected conventions in nine of the thirteen states Federalist and Anti-federalist candidates debated and campaigned against one another. eligible voters decided who to elect to their state ratifying convention. smaller groups of elected representatives decided whether their state should ratify the Constitution.

19. To take effect, the Constitution needed to be ratified Federalists support the idea of the Constitution…why? Who were the Federalists?

20. To take effect, the Constitution needed to be ratified Anti-federalists: At first against the Constitution- Why? Would accept the Constitution with amendments Who were the Anti-federalists? Most supported the Constitution with the addition of the Bill of Rights (First 10 amendments to the Constitution)

21. Jefferson v. Hamilton Support

22. First Test Divided into at least 3 parts Multiple Choice Identifications Essays

23. Identifications Three parts What is it? How or why did it come about? What effect did it have?

24. Identifications Boston Tea Party: A demonstration by the Sons of liberty against the British. The colonists threw boxes of tea into Boston Harbor. This event took place as a result of the Tea Act which gave the East India Co. a monopoly on tea sales in N. America. As a result of the Tea Party, England passed the Intolerable Acts to punish the colonies.

25. Identifications Articles of Confederation Government created to address the needs of the colonies as they separated from England. Power to make war, coin money, make treaties, etc. Created by the Second Continental Congress. The weakness of the Articles demonstrated a need for a new form of government. This would be the US Constitution.

26. Essays Read the question. Answer the whole question. Use specific examples!!!!!!!!

27. Question: Did the French & Indian War lead to or cause the American Revolution? Why or why not? Yes it did because, England raise taxes to pay for the war. The colonists felt this was unfair. The colonies were used to taking care of themselves and liked it (Salutary Neglect) Forbid western settlement to keep an eye on colonists. (Proclamation of 1763)

28. Essays The Articles of Confederation were a government set up to be deliberately weak. Do you agree or disagree with this statement? What evidence can you offer to support your position?