1. Bell RINGERS 
Read, analyze chart and answer the questions
In 1790, the first U.S. census was taken, as required by the
Constitution…The count was necessary in order to
determine taxation and representation in Congress. All
free people were counted, as well as “three-fifths of all
other Persons.” Indians were excluded.
City 1790 1800 1810
Boston 18,038 24,937 33,250
New York 33,131 60,489 96,373
Philadelphia 45,529 69,403 91,874
Baltimore 13,503 26,114 35,583
Charleston 16,359 20,473 24,711
1. What is a Census check, why was it needed and when does it occur?
2. What does it mean when it states 3/5’s of all other persons?
3. Which city grew the most during the 20 years shown?
4. Which city grew the least during the 20 years shown?

2. Wash inaugural
•New Constitution
and Government
take effect on April
30, 1789.
•Washington
begins his
presidency in New
York City and
alternates between
there and
Philadelphia.
•John Adams
becomes 1st Vice
President
•Known as the
beginning of the
FEDERALIST
period

3. Precedents are models,
examples or influences other
Presidents would follow
What to call the President? Mr.
President
President sets their own personal style
Cabinet appointed by President and
advises him
VP has no official duties
President acts independent from Congress
Congress relies on the advice of the President
Served 2 terms and stepped aside for someone else
precedents

4. John Jay first
Chief Justice
of the Supreme
Court
•Judiciary Act of 1789
•Congress created lower courts to
assist the Supreme Court.
•President Washington appoints 6
justices to the Supreme Court
•3 from North and 3 from South

5. cabinet
Cabinet advises the President and heads up
an agency of the government
Department of State-----Foreign affairs
•Thomas Jefferson----Secretary of State
Department of Treasury---Financial affairs
•Alexander Hamilton—Secretary of the Treasury
Department of War---------Military affairs
•Henry Knox----Secretary of War

6. •Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson played a
valuable role in the beginning of our nation.
•Both were visionaries and influenced the direction our
country would go economically, politically and socially.
•President Washington was stuck in the middle of these
two men as they argued over our country’s beginnings.

7. Foreign Debt
$11,710,000
Federal Domestic Debt
$42,414,000
State Debt
$21,500,000
Custom
Duties
(Tariffs)
Excise
Tax
on Whiskey
Misc.
Revenue
Congress & Sec. of
Treasury Alexander
Hamilton solve debt
problems:
•Pay off $80 million debt
•Excise tax: Taxes placed on
manufactured products
•Tariff: a tax on imports
•Establish good credit with
foreign nations
•Create a national bank with a
national currency
•Raise money for govt backed by
gold silver
debt

8. Federalist Beliefs
(former Anti-Federalists)
Democratic-Republicans
Leader
Appealed
to
Alexander Hamilton
John Adams
Thomas Jefferson
James Madison
Manufacturers, merchants,
wealthy and educated….
Favored seaboard cities
Farmers and Planters
common man
Favored the South and West
Ideas of
Government
Strong government over states
Loose Construction of Constitution
•Implied powers
Wealthy and educated involved
Limit freedoms of speech & press
Preferred govt. similar to a king
State’s rights over National Govt.
Strict construction of Constitution
•Expressed/Enumerated powers
Common man but educated
Bill of Rights is sacred
Lesser government the better
Domestic
Policy
Supported National Bank—BUS
Supported excise tax
National debt good for country
National govt. assume state debts
Tariffs should be high
Against National Bank—BUS
Against excise tax
Against National debt
States pay their own debts
Tariffs should be low
Foreign
Policy
Opposed French Revolution
Wanted war with French
Favored the British
Supported French Revolution
Opposed war with French
Favored the French
political

9. •1791
•Farmer’s revolt in
Pennsylvania due to
Hamilton’ s excise
tax
•Were called the
“Whiskey Rebels”
•Showed the power
of the national
government and
Constitution of 1787
President Washington reviews
13,000 troops of Army assembled
to crush the Whiskey Rebellion.

10. Jay’s Treaty and its Effects…
Jay Treaty
(1) The British would pay for damages to
Americans ships seized;
(2) The British agreed to withdraw from the
Northwest posts.
(3) Opened up American trade with Britain as a “most
favored nation”
• Spain, fearing US-British alliance, gives US free
use of Mississippi, disputed territory north of FL….
Which would be known as….
John Jay is burnt in
effigy because
Americans believed he
sold out to the British.

11. Picnkneys
Spain cut off our
farmers right to use the
Mississippi River and
deposit their crops in
New Orleans.
Pinckney’s Treaty: Spain gave US the free use of the Mississippi
River for 5 yrs. and the boundary was set at 31st parallel between
Spanish Florida and US……

12. farewell
Washington stressed that the US
should stay neutral in all foreign
affairs.
That way the US would never be
pulled into a war when it was not
involved.
“conduct friendly and impartial toward the
belligerent powers.”
-Washington

13. farewell
Washington refuses a third term
—sets principle until 1940s
•Washington warned of the
dangers of political parties and
permanent alliances with other
nations.
•Washington’s warning against
“entangling alliances” became a
principle of U.S. foreign policy.
Sets precedent for …..Isolationism & 2 term limit

14. John Adams Becomes President
1796 Election
• Adams was supported by New England
and Federalists
– Defeated Jefferson 71-68 in Electoral
College
– Jefferson becomes VP
• Displays flaw of Electoral College that will be
fixed by 12th Amendment
• France and US close to war.
– France Upset with Jay’s Treaty with
England. (afraid Brit/US alliance)
– French Warships impressed over 300 US
Merchant Ships by 1797

15. impressment
Impressment: an act of kidnapping a ship, its
contents, men and forcing them into your navy----
the British and French were doing this to us.

16. To avoid war with France, President
Adams sent 3 US representatives
(John Marshall, Charles Pinckney and
John Jay) to negotiate a peace
agreement…..
US representatives were snubbed
by the French government……
Eventually, 3 French
representatives (known as X, Y and Z
because they refused to give their
names) approach the American Govt
XYZ demanded a bribe of $250,000
to merely talk with Head of French
negotiator (Tallyrand)
Insulted, we refused the demands
and left France…
US & French begin to fight an
undeclared naval war.
President Adams on the XYZ
Affair….”I will never send another
minister to France without
assurances that he will be
received, respected, and honored
as the representative of a great,
free, powerful and independent
nation.”
xyz
Adams Tallyrand

17. • “That if any person shall write, print, utter, or publish, or shall cause
or procure to be written, printed, uttered or published, or shall
knowingly and willingly assist in any false,
• Scandalous and malicious writing or writings against the government
of the United States, or either house of Congress or the President of
the United States,
• Then such person, being thereof convicted before any court of the
United States, shall be punished by a fine not exceeding two
thousand dollars and by imprisonment not exceeding two years……”
• WHICH FREEDOM GUAREENTEED IN THE BILL
OF RIGHTS DID THE ALIEN AND SEDITION ACTS
VIOLATE?

18. DOCTRINE OF NULLIFICATION: Since the States created
the National Government, they have the right to
nullify, cancel or decide not to obey a law they
believed was unconstitutional ….
Kty/va resolutions
•Jefferson’s and Madison’s response to
the Sedition Act…..
•Believed Sedition Act violated freedom
of speech and press.
•They tried to convince the other states
not to support the Sedition Act….
•It failed and the Sedition Act
remained the law until 1801.

19. 1. Election of 1800: The rise of political parties caused
flaws in the electoral college
Parties chose their candidates and electors
would vote for them
2. Led to a tie between Jefferson and Burr----House of
Representatives chose Jefferson.
3. To eliminate future problems
12th Amendment: Requires electors to specify which
person they want for President and VP on separate
ballots so their would never be a tie. electoral
college
Federalists Democratic Republicans
Adams--Pres---65 Jefferson---Pres.---73
Hamilton---VP Burr---VP----73

20. •Many historians look at this time period as
the beginning of the true democracy.
•Champion for the common man
•Believed education would prepare them for
participation in government…..
•For now, educated should rule… but one
day hopes for ALL PEOPLE to be educated
enough to participate in govt
•Believed National Government became too
powerful during Adam’s Presidency (ANTI-FED/
Strict constitutionalist)
•Ideal govt was one run by well-informed,
self-respecting farmer
paradise.

21. •Prior to this case, the Supreme Court had been the
weakest of the three branches of government.
•Earlier, the belief was the states could nullify a law
•1803, the Supreme Court established its role as the
final arbitrator (authority) of the meaning of the
Constitution and its position of equality.
•By setting a precedent for judicial review or the
Supreme Court can declare a law unconstitutional not
the states or Congress.
•It also “sent the message” that the National
Government is the last authority thus reinforcing
Marshall’s belief in a strong central government over the
states.

22. Louisiana
purchase •Since Napoleon was at war with
Great Britain he offered entire
Louisiana Territory to US for $15
million
•Jefferson purchased Louisiana
Territory for $15 million, about 3
cents an acre
•Doubled the size of the US
•Jefferson’s greatest
accomplishment
•Sent out Lewis & Clark to
explore/map which lead to laying
claim to Pacific
Northwest/Oregon Territory

23. NEXT
War breaks out
again between the
United States and
Britain in 1812.

24. UP CLOSE AND PERSONAL
• Author of the
“Federalist Papers”
• Democratic Republican
• Father of Constitution
of 1787
• Known for War of
1812
madwar
President James Madison

25. War Hawks
madwar
New members of Congress, John
C. Calhoun and Henry Clay want
war why Great Britain….Why?
•U.S. must defend its neutrality
•Stop impressment
•British forts on US soil
•Desire for Canada and Florida
•Called 2nd War of Independence
John C. Calhoun
South Carolina
Henry Clay
Kentucky

26. Hartford Convention (1814)
• protest convention meant
to state grievances.
• called for: 2/3 vote for
declarations of war,
embargoes, and the
admission of new states, no
counting of slaves for
representation, and no
successive presidents from
the same state.
Treaty of Ghent
• Ended War of 1812
• signed in December 1814
w/ no territorial changes or
other concessions
• Increased the American
spirit of nationalism and
overcame disruptive forces
of sectionalism.
• Trade interruptions before
and during the war forces a
significant growth of
American manufacturing.

27. Washington, D.C. burned by
British, 25th of August 1814
highlights
Dolly Madison escaped
from White House and
took many pieces of
art, furniture from the
White House before the
British destroyed it.

28. U.S. Flag which flew
over Fort McHenry to
inspire Francis Scott
Key to write the Star
Spangled Banner.
September 13th, 1814
highlights

29. madwar
UP CLOSE AND PERSONAL
•Democratic Republican
•Born in Virginia in 1758,
•Elected United States
Senator
•Helped negotiate the
Louisiana Purchase.
•Era of “Good Feelings”
•1st president to visit all
states
President James Monroe

30. Nationalism: powerful feeling of patriotism
and NATIONAL unity! (developed after
War of 1812)
Economic Nationalism: Protective tariffs
•Foreign producers taxed to protect American
manufacturers
Judicial Nationalism: McCulloch v. Maryland
•The court stuck down a Maryland law that taxed the
National Bank.
This showed that States did not have the right to
boss around (tax) the NATIONAL Government.

31. • Referred to as America’s Self
Defense Doctrine.
• It is a continuation of President
Washington’s neutrality and
isolationist policies.
• YOU STAY OUT OF MY
BUSINESS… I’ll stay out of
yours.
US protector of new
democracies in the
Western Hemisphere
No European
Colonization in the
Americas
US will stay out
of European
affairs
Monroe
Doctrine
US recognized
existing
European
Colonies