The document provides an overview of the structure and purposes of the US government based on the Constitution. It discusses the following key points:
1) Shays' Rebellion showed weaknesses in the Articles of Confederation and led delegates to convene the Constitutional Convention to establish a new framework.
2) The Convention established a new Constitution with compromises reached on issues like representation in Congress and the Three-Fifths Compromise.
3) The new Constitution established a federal system of government that divided power between the national and state governments. It was ratified after debate between Federalists and Anti-Federalists.
Chapter 2
The Constitution and it’s framing.
Lesson Plans
1. History and philosophy leading up to the constitution.
2. The revolution
3. Articles of Confederation
4. Constitutional Convention
5. Key Figures
6. Compromises
7. Amendments
Enlightenment and the Country’s founding
The founding of the country was based in principles in the European enlightenment.
One of the Enlightenment’s goals was to base governance on rationality.
Prior to the Enlightenment, governance was justified through tradition rather than reason.
Locke v Hobbes
Hobbes argued that the rationality for government was to prevent the state of nature.
Hobbes argued that life without the state would be a war between all and nasty, brutish and short. He advocated for a dictator to prevent this.
Locke disagreed. Locke argued that people would rather deal with what he called the mischief of foxes and polecats than to be devoured by lions.
This means that conflicts between individuals are manageable, but a tyrannical state is impossible to avoid.
Locke’s justification for a state is the social contract which is an agreement that the state protects rights. However if a state abuses its people, then it loses its legitimacy.
Locke’s principles drove the American Revolution.
The Revolution
The colonies originally had more freedom to run their own land prior to the Seven Years War (war between France and England).
The colonists were prevented to settle past Appalachia.
To pay back the taxes that resulted from the Seven Years War, England levied taxes on the colonists.
Colonists demanded representation in Parliament.
Stamp Act, (Tax on Paper goods) Townsend Act (Tax on glass, Tea, Paint)
The Colonies boycotted British Manufacturing goods.
Britain sent troops to the colonies, leading to an altercation with the troops known as the Boston Massacre
Britain passed an act that granted a monopoly on the British East India Tea Company, which led to the “Boston Tea Party.”
The Revolution cont.
These acts led to the state of Massachusetts to revolt, followed by the rest of the colonies.
The Declaration of Independence laid out the principles that drove the colonies to revolt against England.
This listed out the ways that Britain abused its power regarding the Social Contract.
“We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.--That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed”
This quote has driven the ideals in which we govern ourselves.
Articles of Confederation
Immediately following the revolution, the new nation agreed on the Articles of confederation.
The articles of confederation is the governing body that ruled the nation between the end of the Revolution and the creation of the constitution.
A confede ...
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‘वोटर्स विल मस्ट प्रीवेल’ (मतदाताओं को जीतना होगा) अभियान द्वारा जारी हेल्पलाइन नंबर, 4 जून को सुबह 7 बजे से दोपहर 12 बजे तक मतगणना प्रक्रिया में कहीं भी किसी भी तरह के उल्लंघन की रिपोर्ट करने के लिए खुला रहेगा।
In a May 9, 2024 paper, Juri Opitz from the University of Zurich, along with Shira Wein and Nathan Schneider form Georgetown University, discussed the importance of linguistic expertise in natural language processing (NLP) in an era dominated by large language models (LLMs).
The authors explained that while machine translation (MT) previously relied heavily on linguists, the landscape has shifted. “Linguistics is no longer front and center in the way we build NLP systems,” they said. With the emergence of LLMs, which can generate fluent text without the need for specialized modules to handle grammar or semantic coherence, the need for linguistic expertise in NLP is being questioned.
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Navigating the Future of Fintech in India: Insights into how AI, blockchain, and digital payments are driving unprecedented growth in India's fintech industry, redefining financial services and accessibility.
ys jagan mohan reddy political career, Biography.pdfVoterMood
Yeduguri Sandinti Jagan Mohan Reddy, often referred to as Y.S. Jagan Mohan Reddy, is an Indian politician who currently serves as the Chief Minister of the state of Andhra Pradesh. He was born on December 21, 1972, in Pulivendula, Andhra Pradesh, to Yeduguri Sandinti Rajasekhara Reddy (popularly known as YSR), a former Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh, and Y.S. Vijayamma.
हम आग्रह करते हैं कि जो भी सत्ता में आए, वह संविधान का पालन करे, उसकी रक्षा करे और उसे बनाए रखे।" प्रस्ताव में कुल तीन प्रमुख हस्तक्षेप और उनके तंत्र भी प्रस्तुत किए गए। पहला हस्तक्षेप स्वतंत्र मीडिया को प्रोत्साहित करके, वास्तविकता पर आधारित काउंटर नैरेटिव का निर्माण करके और सत्तारूढ़ सरकार द्वारा नियोजित मनोवैज्ञानिक हेरफेर की रणनीति का मुकाबला करके लोगों द्वारा निर्धारित कथा को बनाए रखना और उस पर कार्यकरना था।
Welcome to the new Mizzima Weekly !
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role of women and girls in various terror groupssadiakorobi2
Women have three distinct types of involvement: direct involvement in terrorist acts; enabling of others to commit such acts; and facilitating the disengagement of others from violent or extremist groups.
3. Task Focus #1: What was the importance of Shays’ Rebellion?
How would the government react to something like this happening
today?
4. The Constitutional Convention
By 1787, Congress knew
that there were serious
problems with the Articles
of Confederation.
Each state sent delegates
to a convention in
Philadelphia to amend the
Articles of
Confederation.(Rhode
Island sent no one because
they opposed a stronger
central government.)
5. The Constitutional Convention
May 25, 1787, 55 men
gathered in Philadelphia
at Independence Hall.
George Washington was
unanimously chosen to be
the chairman (president)
of the convention.
The meetings were kept
secret in order for the
debates to happen freely.
6. The Constitutional Convention
The delegates decided that the U.S. needed a new
constitution because the Articles were beyond repair.
Now the meeting was called the Constitutional
Convention.
7. Reading and Responding –
“Freedom: How We Got It”
Read the article “Freedom: How We Got It” and
answer the following questions on a separate sheet of
paper:
1. How did the British and Americans view the taxes
and laws differently prior to the American
Revolution?
2. List the problems stated by this article with the
Articles of Confederation.
3. What 2 basic ideas did the framers of the new
Constitution believed should be at the center of the
new Constitution?
4. What was the purpose of the author for writing this
article?
8. If Shay did not cause a rebellion, do you think
the US would have ever rewritten the Articles
of Confederation into the Constitution?
Discuss your answer in detail. (5 sentences)
Learning Log #1
10. Task Focus #2
Discuss the two groups of people mentioned in the video. What did
each want? What was the outcome?
11. What does the term federalism mean?
• A form of government in which power is divided
between the federal, or national, government and
the states
12. Conventional Compromises
Delegates to the Constitutional Convention arrived
with varying ideas and plans of government which
meant that compromises would be necessary to reach
agreement.
James Madison proposed the Virginia Plan as a new
form of government. The Virginia Plan called for a
government with three branches( executive, legislative,
and judicial). The legislature would be divided into 2
houses and representation determined by population.
The New Jersey Plan called for 3 branches of
government. The legislature would have only one house
with each state receiving one vote.
13. Conventional Compromises
Read pages 55-58 in your textbook
1. What was the Great Compromise? Explain the
parts of the Virginia and New Jersey Plans that
were included in the Great Compromise.
2. What was the Three-Fifths Compromise?
Explain why Southern and Northern states
disagreed on how to count the population within
the states.
3. Why did Southern states at first oppose giving
Congress the power to regulate trade?
4. How is the electoral college used to elect the
president?
14. Constitutional Compromises Mind
Map
Students will create a Mind Map dealing with the
Compromises to the Constitution.
The Great Compromise
3/5th Compromise
Electoral College Compromise
For your Mind Map you must include:
The definition of the compromise
A central title for your Mind Map (Constitutional
Compromises)
Three subtitles for each compromise
All parts of the compromise
One picture that depicts each compromise
Who was involved in the compromise
Any other facts you can find
15. Task Focus #3
What types of government did Federalists and Anti-
Federalists prefer?”
16. Conventional Compromises
Ratification required at least 9 of 13 states to vote yes.
The public reacted differently once hearing about the
Constitution.
Federalists supported the Constitution because they
supported the new system of federalism created by the
Constitution.
Anti-Federalists opposed the new government because of
the strong central government.
17. Would you have been on the side of the
Federalist/Anti-Federalist? Explain why? (5
Sentences)
Learning Log #2
19. Task Focus #4
What do the three words “We the people” mean at the
start of the Constitution?”
20. The Constitution
The Constitution is a remarkable document. The
Constitution is a short document that is flexible. Its
flexibility allows for the changes that have occurred over
200 years.
The Constitution is the framework of government and the
highest authority in the land.
The Constitution was a basic law, power of the 3 branches
of government comes from the Constitution. The
Constitution is the basic structure of the U.S. government
The Constitution has 3 parts:
1. the Preamble
2. 7 Articles that describe the structure of government
3. 27 Amendments – changes or additions to the Constitution
21. If you were the writer of the
constitution, would you have structured it the
way our founding fathers did? Tell me why or
why not. (5 sentences)
Learning Log #3
23. Task Focus #5
Anticipation Guide
1. The Preamble states that the power of government comes
from only a few people that will have control and keep
control once the Constitution is signed
2. Establish justice means to arrest and prosecute
criminals.
3. Every United States citizen should have equal protection
of the law.
4. The government should work to settle disputes between
individuals and groups of individuals.
5. Americans have a duty to ensure that rights and liberties
stated in the Constitution are passed on to the next
generation of United States citizens.
You have 3 minutes to use the knowledge that you already have in order
to answer each statement as either TRUE or FALSE.
24. Copy this chart into your notes
Preamble Phrases Explanation
we the people (sovereignty)
form a more perfect union
promote the general welfare
ensure domestic tranquility
establish justice
provide for the common
defense
secure the blessings of liberty
25. Preamble
1. “Form a more perfect Union” – to unite the states
more effectively so they can operate as a single
nation, for the good of all.
2. “We the People” – that the people of the United
States have created and will be in control of the
government
3. “Promote the general Welfare” – to help people live
healthy, happy, and prosperous lives
4. “insure domestic tranquility” – to maintain peace
and order, keeping citizens and their property safe
from harm
26. Preamble
5. “provide for the common defense” – to be ready
militarily to protect the country and its citizens
from outside attacks
6. “secure the Blessings of Liberty” – to guarantee the
freedom and basic rights of all Americans including
future generations
7. “establish justice” – to create a system of fair laws
and courts and make certain that all citizens are
treated equally
27. Name, describe, and tell the importance of one
of the phrases to the Preamble.
Learning Log #4
29. Task Focus #6
Define the following word in your own words:
Expressed, Concurrent, Reserved.
30. Parts of the Constitution
The first 3 Articles of the Constitution describe the powers
and responsibilities of each branch of government.
Article I – the Legislative branch is made of 2 houses –
Senate and House of Representatives – has lawmaking
authority.
The specific powers of Congress are they may collect taxes,
regulate foreign and interstate trade, coin money, and
declare war.
31. Parts of the Constitution
Article I
“to make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper”
The necessary and proper clause allows Congress
to exercise powers that are not specifically listed
in the Constitution.
32. Parts of the Constitution
Article II the Executive Branch lead by a president and
vice president, Executive Branch is in charge of all armed
forces and foreign affairs.
Article III the Judicial Branch interprets laws including
cases involving the Constitution, federal laws and
treaties, and disputes between states.
33. Parts of the Constitution
Article IV stated the states must respect other state
laws and the process of admitting new states.
Article V specifies how amendments (changes) are to
be made.
Article VI states the Constitution is “the supreme law
of the land.” Any conflict between state and federal law
would have the federal law prevail.
Article VII said the Constitution would take effect
when 9 of 13 states ratified the Constitution.
35. Federalism – National vs. the States
Read the article “The Question of States' Rights: The
Constitution and American Federalism” and answer
the following questions….
1. Explain how the Supremacy Clause in Article VI of
the Constitution is an example of federalism.
2. List 4 reasons why the Anti-Federalists opposed the
Constitution.
3. How is the Supreme Court of the U.S. is an example of
federalism? Give examples.
36. Describe the most important expressed power
and why that power is given to the federal
government. Why do the federal and state
governments share concurrent powers? Why
are some powers reserved only for the states
and denied to the federal government? Why
are some powers given to the federal
government and not to the states?
Learning Log #5
39. Copy this into your notes
1st Amendment
Freedom of
Speech
Freedom of
Religion
Freedom of
the Press
Freedom to
Assembly
Freedom to
Petition the
Government
40. Pretend you were a classmate of Joseph
Frederick. What would your reaction have
been to seeing his banner? What do you think
should have been done about it? Do you agree
with what was done? How do you feel about
the Supreme Court Ruling? Would you have
supported your classmate or not?
Learning Log #6
41. Task Focus #8
What do you think about the 2nd Amendment? What
do you think the writers meant originally by the
wording of the 2nd Amendment?
2nd Amendment - Right to keep and bear arms in
order to maintain a well regulated militia
44. 2nd Amendment – The Right to Bear
Arms
Watch the video and answer the following questions:
1. How has the role of militia groups changed over the
years?
2. According to the U.S. Constitution, all citizens have
the right to bear arms. What restrictions exist that
make it difficult to own a gun?
3. Are the restrictions put on guns by the government an
infringement of our 2nd Amendment rights?
4. What are the benefits of these restrictions?
45. Pick one amendment and write a paragraph
about why that was an important amendment
to add to the constitution.
Learning Log #7
47. Amendments 11-27
Amendment 11 establishes judicial limits.
Amendment 12 outlines the process for
electing the President and Vice President.
Amendment 13 abolishes slavery.
Amendment 14 describes the privileges of
citizenship.
Amendment 15 states that the right to vote
shall not be denied on account of race.
Amendment 16 gives Congress the power to
collect income taxes.
Amendment 17 establishes the election of
Senators by popular vote.
Amendment 18 prohibited the manufacture
and sale of intoxicating liquors.
Amendment 19 states that the right to vote
shall not be denied on account of sex.
Amendment 20 sets the beginning of
congressional and presidential terms of
office.
Amendment 21 repeals the eighteenth
amendment.
Amendment 22 defines presidential term
limits.
Amendment 23 gives presidential voting
rights to the District of Columbia.
Amendment 24 states that the right to vote
shall not be denied on account of any poll
tax.
Amendment 25 delineates presidential
succession.
Amendment 26 establishes the right to vote
at age eighteen years or older.
Amendment 27 limits congressional pay
increases.
48. Based on all of the Amendments we have
discussed which one do you think we could not
live without and then which one do you think
we could live without. Discuss your answer.
Learning Log #8