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FATE Map
Fate mapping is a developmental biology technique used to trace the embryonic origins of adult tissues in early embryos, particularly during the blastula and gastrula stages. Various methods, including natural and artificial marking, such as vital staining, carbon particle marking, and radioactive labeling, are utilized to construct fate maps, which illustrate the future development of tissue from specific cells. The documentation highlights examples of how these techniques help in understanding embryonic development and cellular lineage.
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FATE Map
- 1. FATE MAPDr. Dinesh C.Sharma, Associate Professor & Head Dept of Zoology Km. Mayawati Govt. Girls P.G. College, Badalpur, GB nagar
- 2. A chart showingthe fate of each part of an early embryo, in a particular blastula stage is called fate maps. It is done because the correct interpretation of gastrulation is impossible without the knowledge of the position which are the presumptive germinal layers (Ectoderm, Mesoderm and Endoderm) occupy in blastula. Fate mapping is a method used in developmental biology to study the embryonic origin of various adult tissues and structures. The "fate" of each cell or group of cells is mapped onto the embryo, showing which parts of the embryo will develop into which tissue. When carried out at single-cell resolution, this process is called cell lineage tracing. It is also used to trace the development of tumors. The fate of the cells is determined in the blastula or early gastrula, so fate mapping can be done at these stage.
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- 4. The fate mapsof different types of animal’s eggs can be constructed by the following methods. 1- Construction of fate maps buy Natural marking- in this case the cytoplasm of the fertilized egg of some animals (Eg. Cionia, Styla, Urochordate) has natural colour difference in various portions. For example, on the basis of pigmentation differentiation four general reasons maybe distinguished in the egg cytoplasm of Styla partia. Upper hemisph ere A light Protoplas m presumptive epidermal ectoderm Postero- ventrall y A yellow crescent presumptive mesoderm Antero- dorsally A Grey crescent presumptive neural ectoderm and notochord Lower vegetati ve area A dark grey yellow substance presumptive endoderm
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- 6. Because of thenatural difference in pigmentation, the developmental fate of these reasons has been worked out with considerable precision. Source: https://www.google.co.in/url?sa=i&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.auburn.edu%2Facademic%2Fclasses%2Fzy%2Fvert_embryo%2Fhtml%2F08amphibfatemap.html&psig=AOvVaw2vM-- 9EQNp_CWrLi0cpqqC&ust=1600507011040000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAIQjRxqFwoTCIiFhbCv8usCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAN
- 7. 2-Construction of fatemaps by artificial marking- Wather Vogt (1925) discovered the artificial marking method in the construction of fate maps of amphibians. Following artificial marking methods are used for fate mapping A-Vital staining marking method- This is done with the help of vital stains (Eg. neutral red, Nile blue sulphate, Bismarck Brown, Janus green) which are restain by cells for considerable periods and not interfere the normal process. For example - For the construction of the Fate map of an amphibian a small piece of Agar or cellophane (stain careers) is stained with vital stain and it is pressed against an area of blastula for a short period. The stain diffuses from stain careers to blastomeres, which will retain their distinctive coloration for several days. By so marking several areas simultaneously, it is possible to follow the movement of gastrulation by continuous observation. Moreover, the persistence of the stain makes it possible to establish the ultimate location of marked material in the embryo. This in turn, enables one to project the pattern of parts back onto the blastula and thus, construct a map of prospective organ reason. By vital staining methods, the fate maps have been made for a number of vertebrate species.
- 8. B- Carbon particlemarking method- This method discovered by Spratt (1946). In this method the tiny carbon particles are applied on the surface of the embryo. Carbon particle is stick to the surface of the cells and can thus be used as markers enabling the investigator to follow the movement of cells and draw of the fate maps. C-Radioactive labelling marking methods- radioactive labelling of blastomeres for the fate mapping is used now a days for construction of Fate map.