The ppt gives general overview of- Introduction Mapping technique 1.Natural marking 2.Artificial marking a. Vital staining technique b. Carbon particle marking technique c. Radioactive marker technique 3.Genetic marking Uses

2. CONTENT
 Introduction
 Mapping technique
1.Natural marking
2.Artificial marking
a. Vital staining technique
b. Carbon particle marking
technique
c. Radioactive marker technique
3.Genetic marking
 Uses

3. FATE MAP
Def. Map that shows fate of
every region of blastula under
normal developmental
conditions.

4. MAPPING TECHNIQUES
•Natural marking
•Artificial marking
•Genetic marking

5. NATURAL MARKING
 Cytoplasm of
fertilized egg has
natural colour
differences in it’s
various regions.
 Ex. Ascidian–Styela
partita

6. ARTIFICIAL MARKING
1.Vital staining technique
2. Carbon particle marking technique
3.Radioactive marker technique

7. 1.Vital staining technique
 Use-Vital stains like Nile blue sulphate , Neutral
red , Janus green , Bismark brown.
Stain
carrier(cellop
hane/agar)
Pressed
against the
chosen area
on blastula
Stain
diffuses
into cell

8. Advantages-
•Stain retained for considerable time.
•Doesn’t interfere with cell processes.
•Only those cells receiving the dye retain dye;
doesn’t diffuse into the neighbouring cells.
 Use-Tiny particles of carbon or
other cell surface adhering particles
like chalk.
2.Carbon Particle marking method

9.  Use-Radioactive markers like Tritiated thymidine
3.Radioactive labelling methods
Cells of Embryo 1 labelled with radioactive
metabolite.
A part of Embryo 1 is excised and grafted to
normal Embryo 2
Autoradiography
Ex. Fate mapping Zebrafish using a fluorescent
dye.

10. GENETIC MARKING
 Mosaic/chimeric embryo is created.
1.The quail cell have heterochromatin.
2.Cell specific antigens that are quail specific.
Chick Quail

12. USES
 Used in following the mechanism
of gastrulation.
 Helpful in following the movement
and ultimate position of tissues.