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Similar to family :Pseudomonadaceae & Legionellaceae
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family :Pseudomonadaceae & Legionellaceae
- 1. PSEUDOMONADAC EAE LEGIONELLACEAE -BY DR Sumi Chungkrang Dept of Microbiology
- 3. GENERA • Azomonas • Azorhizophilus • Azotobacter • Mesophilobacter • Pseudomonas • Rugamonas
- 4. PSEUDOMONAS • Pseudomonad literally means false unit • Derived from Greek pseudo meaning “false” monas meaning a “single unit”. • The term "monad" was used in the early history of microbiology to denote single-celled organisms.
- 5. PSEUDOMONAS • Non- fermentative • Ubiquitous in nature • Mostly saprophytic • Found primarily in the soil or water or on plants • Can attack a great variety of organic compounds • Spoilage of refrigerated food • Also found on the skin or other body surfaces • Small number are also found in intestine • Ocassionally cause human disease largely extraintestinal
- 6. • Ability to grow in water with minimal nutrient contamination • This makes them frequent agents of infection from intravenous solution as from respiratory ventilators • Few cause human infection typically oportunistic
- 7. Difference with enteric bacilli • Morphologically resemble the enteric bacilli and most grow well on differential enteric media • Except they differ in several fundamental respects o Habitat is primarily extra- enteric o Polar flagella o Strict aerobes o Strongly oxidase positive o Have higher G + C content in their DNA o Metabolize sugars through the 2-keto 3 deoxygluconate pathway rather than via glucose
- 8. Species of Psuedomonas – Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pseudomonas fluorescens Pseudomonas putida Pseudomonas cepacia Pseudomonas stutzeri Pseudomonas maltophila Pseudomonas putrefaciens Pseudomonas mallei Pseudomonas pseudomallei moved to Burkholderia
- 10. Slender,Gram negative bacillus,1.5-3*0.5 micro meter in size Motile by polar flagella Non-capsulated but many strains have a mucoid slime layer. Clinical isolates are often piliated MORPHOLOGY
- 11. CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS Obligate aerobe but can grow anaerobically if nitrate is available Temperature 6-42 degree celsius, Optimum-37 degree celsius Ordinary media Produce large,opaque,iregular colonies with a distinctive,musty, mawkish or earthy smell
- 12. Nutrient agar- Iridescent patches with a metallic sheen are seen,crystals beneath the patches MacConkey • Colourless ,Non- lactose fermenting colonies Blood agar • Many strains are hemolytic on blood agar
- 13. Cetrimide agar (selective media) • Yellow green to blue colonies In broth •forms a dense turbidity with a surface pellicle
- 14. Pigments Pyomelanin •Brown Pyocyanin • Bluish green phenazine pigment • Soluble in water and chloroform • Produced by only P.aeruginosa Pyorubin •Red Fluorescein (pyoverdin) • Greenish yellow pigment • Soluble in water but not in chloroform • May be produced by many other species
- 15. BIOCHEMICAL REACTIONS TEST RESULT Oxidase Positive Catalase Positive Haemolysis (beta haemolysis) Positive Nitrate reduction Positive Methyl red Negative Voges proskauer Negative Urease Negative Indole Negative H2S Negative
- 16. STRUCTURE AND ANTIGENIC TYPES H antigen Peptidoglycan Cytoplasmic membrane
- 17. Products of P.aeruginosa strains PRODUCTS ROLE Endotoxin Terminal Shock Heat stable haemolysin Toxic to alveolar macrophages Leukocidin Depression of host defenses Phospholipase C Hydrolysis of lecithin Pigments (pyocyanin & pyoverdin) Antibacterial agent Proteases (elastane and alkaline proteases) Local tissue necrosis and spreading factor Toxin A Lethality and inhibition of host defences Exoenzyme S Local and systemic toxicity
- 18. CLINICAL MANIFESTATION Diverse site of infection by pseudomonas aeruginosa Following surgery and burns Following introduction of P.aeruginosa on catheter o irrigation Use of contaminated respirators Severe corneal infection infection following eye surgery meningitis Following cardiac surgery Following lumbar puncture
- 19. DISEASE CONDITION HOST DISEASE CONDITION CATTLE Mastitis,Metritis,Pneumonia,Dermatitis, Enteritis(calve) SHEEP Mastitis,Fleece rot,Pneumonia,Otitis media PIGS Respiratory infections ,Otitis HORSE Genital tract infection,Pneumonia,Ulcerative keratitis DOGS AND CAT Otitis externa,lower urinary tract infection,Pneumonia,Ulcerative keratitis MINK Haemorrhagic pneumonia ,septicaemia CHINCHILLAS Pneumonia , Septicaemia REPTILES Necrotic stomatitis
- 20. RESISTANCE Not heat resistance,kill at 55 degree celcius in 1 hour Resistant to common antiseptics and disinfectants-quaternary ammonium compounds,chloroxylenol and hexachlorophane SENSITIVE –acids,beta glutaryldehyde,silver salts and strong phenolic disinfectants Its susceptibility to silver has been applied clinically as topical cream in burns
- 21. DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES Specimens for laboratory examination- pus,respiratory aspirates ,mid-stream urine,mastitic milk & ear swab Suspect material on Blood agar and MacConkey agar plates incubated aerobically at 37 degree celsius for 24-48 hours Identification criteria for isolates: • Colonial morphology and characteristic odour • Pigment production • Lactose negative • Pale colonies on Mackonkey agar • Biochemical test
- 22. CONTROL Cleaning and disinfecting medical equipment Topical therapy of the burn with antimicrobial agents such as silver sulfadiazine reduce sepsis Antibiotic susceptibility testing should be carried out Combination of either gentamicin or tobramycin with either carbenicillin or ticaricillin Vaccines may be required for farmed mink and chinchillas
- 23. OTHER PSEUDOMONAS P .maltophilia-second most frequently isolated pseudomonads species,found in water and in both raw and pasteurized milk associated with a variety of opportnistic infection in humans including pneumonia,endocarditis,urinary tract infections ,wound infections ,septicaemia and meningitis P.cepacia-a plant pathogen(onion bulb rot) is an opportunist.Most are nosocomial.Causes chronic lung infections in cystic fibrosis patients
- 25. Belong to a single genus legionella
- 26. LEGIONELLA MORPHOLOGY Sole genus of the family Gram negative Aerobic Thin ,Non capsulated Non spore forming Most species are motile by means of single polar flagellum In tissue appear as short bacilli or coccobacilli
- 27. STAINING AND CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS Gram negative but stain poorly Stain better by silver impregnation stains Dieterle or Warthin Starry method Best visualized by Direct fluorescent Antibody (DFA)staining Use amino acids rather than carbohydrate In vitro growth- grow on complex media such as buffered charcoal yeast extract(BCYE) with L- cysteine,iron salts 5%CO2,pH 6.9 ,35 degree celsius & 90% humidity
- 28. EPIDEMIOLOGY Widely distributed in natural water sources such as stagnant waters,mud and hot springs Grow best in warm water,cooling towers,hot water tanks,large plumbing system,or air conditioning system of large building Survive and multiply inside free living amoeba and protozoa
- 29. INFECTION Human infection is by inhalation of aerosals produced by cooling towers,air conditioners and shower heads. Aerosolised legionella can survive for long and can be carried over long distances No animal resrvoir exist Infection is limited to human beings Man to man transmission doesnot occur
- 30. One genus 39 species 60 serotype Legionella pneumophila responsible for 85% of infections • Serotype 1 most common-50% to 90% of human infection Other species that cause infection less often – L.micdadei L.bozemanii L.dumoffi L.gormanii
- 31. Legionella pneumophila L.pneumophila causes legionellosis It has two very different kinds of respiratory illness - 1. Legionaires’ disease 2. Pontaic fever
- 32. LEGIONNAIRES’ DISEASE • Broke out in 1976 among members of the American Legion who attended a convention in Philadelphia • Characterized by fever cough and chest pain leading to pneumonia PONTIAC FEVER • Milder,non fatal influenza like illness with fever chills,myalgia and headache, • Outbreaks with hight attack rates may occur
- 34. REFERENCES Ananthanarayan and Paniker’s textbook of Microbiology Textbook of Bacteriology by Vinod Singh Microbiology by Bernard D.Davis Microbiology by Michael J.Pelczar Veterinary microbiology by P.J queen Google image Sites -sciencedirect topics