the failure analysis of the turbine blade of a gas turbine engine 9E GE type, installed in a certain type of simple systems consisting of the gas turbine driving an electrical power generator.
A non-linear finite element method was utilized to determine the stress state of the blade segment under operating conditions. High stress zones were found at the region of the lower fir-tree slot, where the failure occurred. A computation was also performed with excessive rotational speed. Attention of this study is devoted to the mechanisms of damage of the turbine blade and also the critical high stress areas
This compressor works on the principle of centrifugal action. It finds wide variety of applications in engineering field. It is available in market from low to high capacities.
This compressor works on the principle of centrifugal action. It finds wide variety of applications in engineering field. It is available in market from low to high capacities.
Aircraft refrigeration system (air cooling system)Ripuranjan Singh
Aircraft air refrigeration systems are required due to heat transfer from many external and internal heat sources (like solar radiation and avionics) which increase the cabin air temperature. With the technological developments in high-speed passenger and jet aircraft's, the air refrigeration systems are proving to be most efficient, compact and simple. Various types of aircraft air refrigeration systems used these days are.
Simple air cooling system
Simple air evaporative cooling system
Boot strap air cooling system
Boot strap air evaporative cooling system
Reduced ambient air cooling system
Regenerative air cooling system
COMPRESSOR EFFICIENCY AND TURBINE EFFICIENCY.
Comparison of Various Air Cooling Systems used for Aircraft ON basis of dart
Brayton or Joule cycle -P-V diagram and thermal efficiency. Construction and working of gas turbine i] Open cycle ii] Closed cycle gas turbine, simple circuit, Comparison, P-V & T-S diagramTurbojet and Turboprop Engine and Application
BEST PPT FOR DOWNLOADING & SUBMISSION
INFORMATION IN POINTS
When the inertia forces are considered in the analysis of the mechanism, the analysis is known as dynamic force analysis.
Now applying D’Alembert principle one may reduce a dynamic system into an equivalent static system and use the techniques used in static force analysis to study the system.
Garcia and Bayo (1994), Wang and Wang (1998), Shi and Mc Phee (2000) were interested in the analytical and
experimental study of the dynamic response of these mechanisms
Valve timing diagram is one of the most important topic about engine. This gives u the idea about how engine's valves should open and close. Knowing this u can make your engine more efficient and effective.
Gas turbine is an important topic usually studied in mechanical engineering, aeronautical engineering, power plant engineering, electrical engineering, and some other related engineering branches. The gas turbine is an air breathing heat engine, said to be the heart of the power plant produces electric power, by burning of gas (or) liquid fuels along with fresh air. The fresh air performs two main functions in gas turbine. The fresh air acts as a cooling agent for various parts of the power plants and gives required amount of oxygen for combustion of fuel. Topics covered in the ppt
Gas Turbines: Simple gas turbine plant- Ideal cycle, closed cycle and open cycle for gas turbines Efficiency, work ratio and optimum pressure ratio for simple gas turbine cycle Parameters of performance- Actual cycle, regeneration, Inter-cooling and reheating. the topics covered are almost same in all the universities. some problems were discussed in each and concept to make them understand clearly.
Root cause failure analysis of blanking device of strainer housing used in st...eSAT Journals
Abstract Failure analysis is the process of identifying the causes and factors leading to undesired loss of functionality. Failure investigators use several kinds of notions to explain this loss. An important one is that of a root cause failure analysis. This paper presents a root cause failure analysis and methodology followed in post weld failure investigation of blanking device which fails during post weld heat treatment. After performing fault tree analysis it is found that the failure may happen due to material defect or generation of residual stress during post weld heat treatment.
Aircraft refrigeration system (air cooling system)Ripuranjan Singh
Aircraft air refrigeration systems are required due to heat transfer from many external and internal heat sources (like solar radiation and avionics) which increase the cabin air temperature. With the technological developments in high-speed passenger and jet aircraft's, the air refrigeration systems are proving to be most efficient, compact and simple. Various types of aircraft air refrigeration systems used these days are.
Simple air cooling system
Simple air evaporative cooling system
Boot strap air cooling system
Boot strap air evaporative cooling system
Reduced ambient air cooling system
Regenerative air cooling system
COMPRESSOR EFFICIENCY AND TURBINE EFFICIENCY.
Comparison of Various Air Cooling Systems used for Aircraft ON basis of dart
Brayton or Joule cycle -P-V diagram and thermal efficiency. Construction and working of gas turbine i] Open cycle ii] Closed cycle gas turbine, simple circuit, Comparison, P-V & T-S diagramTurbojet and Turboprop Engine and Application
BEST PPT FOR DOWNLOADING & SUBMISSION
INFORMATION IN POINTS
When the inertia forces are considered in the analysis of the mechanism, the analysis is known as dynamic force analysis.
Now applying D’Alembert principle one may reduce a dynamic system into an equivalent static system and use the techniques used in static force analysis to study the system.
Garcia and Bayo (1994), Wang and Wang (1998), Shi and Mc Phee (2000) were interested in the analytical and
experimental study of the dynamic response of these mechanisms
Valve timing diagram is one of the most important topic about engine. This gives u the idea about how engine's valves should open and close. Knowing this u can make your engine more efficient and effective.
Gas turbine is an important topic usually studied in mechanical engineering, aeronautical engineering, power plant engineering, electrical engineering, and some other related engineering branches. The gas turbine is an air breathing heat engine, said to be the heart of the power plant produces electric power, by burning of gas (or) liquid fuels along with fresh air. The fresh air performs two main functions in gas turbine. The fresh air acts as a cooling agent for various parts of the power plants and gives required amount of oxygen for combustion of fuel. Topics covered in the ppt
Gas Turbines: Simple gas turbine plant- Ideal cycle, closed cycle and open cycle for gas turbines Efficiency, work ratio and optimum pressure ratio for simple gas turbine cycle Parameters of performance- Actual cycle, regeneration, Inter-cooling and reheating. the topics covered are almost same in all the universities. some problems were discussed in each and concept to make them understand clearly.
Root cause failure analysis of blanking device of strainer housing used in st...eSAT Journals
Abstract Failure analysis is the process of identifying the causes and factors leading to undesired loss of functionality. Failure investigators use several kinds of notions to explain this loss. An important one is that of a root cause failure analysis. This paper presents a root cause failure analysis and methodology followed in post weld failure investigation of blanking device which fails during post weld heat treatment. After performing fault tree analysis it is found that the failure may happen due to material defect or generation of residual stress during post weld heat treatment.
fatigue failure analysis of steam turbine shaft using fem techniqueIjripublishers Ijri
The aim of the project is to locate best constrain location by evaluating steam turbine shaft with different materials.
Initially data collection will be done to understand rectification methodology and approach.
A 3D model of shaft will be prepared and exported into IGES (inertial graphical exchanging specifications) format to
conduct further work in ANSYS.
Structural analysis will be carried out on assembly to evaluate structural characteristics.
Model analysis will be carried out on same to find natural frequency’s (for comparison with other results)
Thermal analysis will be carried out on to find thermal characteristic.
Comparison tables will be prepared according to the obtained results from Ansys; Conclusion will be made according
to the obtained results.
Key words: steam turbine, shaft, hollow shaft,fatigue failure analysis.
Cause and prevention for steam turbine blade scaling & fouling Prem Baboo
The paper intended to deposition of Wang scaling/deposition & corrosion on turbine blades. How to deposit these scales? Prevention and control the deposits. Major steam turbine problems causes and effects. Practical examples of our shut down experience of 40 ata & 100 ata steam turbines. Lab analysis detail report of wet steam cleaning and sand blasting cleaning of the blades.
Geometric regeneration and mechanical analysis of a gas turbine blade type Fr...Barhm Mohamad
Simulation and visualization of the mechanical components have become a predominant phase
during the design and the production stages. Several means are used to improve the design and
to reduce study time. Today, the powerful hardware and the software available on the market
have contributed greatly on the improvement of design, visualization and manufacturing
process of complex parts (turbine blade). In this context, our study is a contribution to the
establishment of a methodology to a CAD modelling and finite element analysis, which allows
us to identify the mechanical behavior of a gas turbine blade. The profile of the blade turbine
model is obtained after regeneration using the CATIA V5R20 software from the retro-design
technique using a FARO-type scanner. The turbine blade is analyzed under a static mechanical
behavior. It has been observed that the maximum stresses and deformations are located in the
vicinity of the root and the upper surface along the turbine blade. On the other hand, the elastic
energy is located at a distance from the root of the turbine blade.
DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF ENGINE BLOCK FOR SELECTION OF SUITABLE MATERIAL FOR COST ...Ijripublishers Ijri
The Aim of this project is to design a combustion chamber using Pro-E and perform analysis using ANSYS software.
The analysis of the combustion chamber is done by using different materials. By conducting the above analysis on the
combustion chamber combustion rate, pressure and temperature gradient conditions are found and the best material
for the combustion chamber is suggested.
Thermal analysis is conducted to find heat dissipation rate in engine block with the variation of materials Structural
and fatigue analysis(dynamic) is conduct on engine block at working load conditions to evaluate and compare stress,
strain, deformation and fatigue life with the variation of materials.
Frequency analysis is conducted on engine block with the variation of materials to evaluate frequency,
Using these values material selection will be done, the value should be nearby previous one (cast iron) maximum accepted
variation value 65HZ.
EFFECTS OF TRANSIENT LOAD ONGASTURBINE BLADE STRESS AND FATIGUE LIFE CHARACTE...Barhm Mohamad
The turbine blade is the most important component in the jet engine gas turbine. The common fatigue
failures of the blade include the thermo-mechanical fatigue. Firstly, the finite element simulation of
the blade is carried out in the working condition including the centrifugal load and mechanical load.
The aim of this work was to develop and implement methods for the resource calculation of the jet
turbine blade in which fatigue zone were detected during the load. The approach is based on a directstep
simulation of the load point based on the finite-element method (FEM).According to the
simulation results of the thermos-mechanical load, the stress distribution of the blade body is
reasonable in the working condition load; the stress level on the blade suction surface is higher than
the pressure surface; in the blade body, the maximum Von Mises stress is 126 MPa, and the location
of the minimum fatigue life is close to the blade shroud. Above simulation results is very useful for
the structural design and fatigue experiment. Secondly, the stress and thermo-mechanical fatigue life
characteristic are both analyzed with ANSYS software. Through the transient structure stress analysis,
the stress-time history in the blade body is obtained; through the thermo-mechanical fatigue analysis,
the fatigue zone of the blade first appears in the middle of the blade exhaust side. Based on these
virtual results. These results are significant for the blade fatigue failure in the future.
THERMAL ANALYSIS OF MODIFIED COMBUSTION CHAMBER OF SPARK IGNITION ENGINEIAEME Publication
Efficiency of an internal combustion engine can be increased by increasing the
heat energy generation inside the combustion chamber without effecting the
performance of l ubricating oil and lessening the strength of the piston. The main aim
of this paper is to determine temperature distribution in a four-stroke, single-cylinder,
water cooled, variable compression ratio (3-9), variable speed (2200-3000 rpm) spark
ignition engine with brake power of 2.2 kW at a speed of 3000 rpm with copper coated
combustion chamber (CCE) [copper-(thickness, 300 μ) was coated on piston crown,
inner side of liner and cylinder head] and compared the engine, with conventional
combustion chamber (CE) with neat gasoline operation. Copper coated power piston,
copp.
Similar to FAILURE ANALYSIS OF GAS TURBINE BLADE USING FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS (20)
Investigation of fracture behavior and mechanical properties of epoxy composi...Barhm Mohamad
Adding of a multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) to epoxy resin has shown
promising results in improving fracture toughness in bulk epoxy and carbon fiber-reinforced
epoxy composites (CFRP). using a hand layup proceeding followed by the so called vacuum
bagging process method, carbon fiber-reinforced polymer multi-wall carbon nanotubes
(MWCNTs) was added to an epoxy resin with a weight percentage mixing of 1% wt., 1.25% wt.,
and 1.5 % wt. MWCNTs. Furthermore, the specimen underwent analysis via Fourier-Transform
Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy, the composites were
subjected to a microscopic examination using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). FTIR and
XRD verified the folding and unfolding of the polymer, in addition, the mechanical properties
including tensile strength, bending stress, and impact behavior were investigated as well as the
hardness test. The obtained results showed a significant improvement of about (40 %) in tensile
strength, (53 %) in bending stress at 1 % wt. MWCNTs, and (70 %) percentage increment in the
strength of Impact at 1.25 % wt. MWCNTs. And the gained hardness was about 40.5 HV which
were compared with a reference substance named Carbon Fiber (CF) without any addition of nano
materials. Carbon nanotubes have demonstrated their potential to enhance the mechanical
properties of fiber-reinforced polymers, so this investigative study employs comprehensive
characterization techniques, and demonstrates significant improvements in mechanical properties
for the modified polymeric composite materials supported with nano materials.
Characterization of a flat plate solar water heating system using different n...Barhm Mohamad
Flat-plate solar collectors (FPSCs) are the most effective and environmentally friendly heating systems available. They are frequently used to convert solar radiation into usable heat for a variety of thermal applications. Because of their superior thermo-physical features, the use of Nano-fluids in FPSCs is a useful technique to improve FPSC performance. Nano-fluids are advanced colloidal suspensions containing Nano-sized particles that have been researched over the last two decades and identified a fluid composed of strong nanoparticles with a diameter of smaller than (100 nm). These micro-particles aid in improving the thermal conductivity and convective heat transfer of liquids when mixed with the base fluid. The current study provides an in-depth review of the scientific advances in the field of Nano-fluids on flat-plate solar collectors. Previous research on the usage of Nano-fluids in FPSCs shows that Nano-fluids can be used successfully to improve the efficiency of flat-plate collectors. Though several Nano-fluids have been reviewed as solar collector operatin fluids. Nano-fluids have greater pressure drops than liquids, and their pressure drops andhence pumping power rise as the volume flow rate increases. Additionally, the article discusses the concept of Nano-fluids, the different forms of nanoparticles, the methods for preparing Nano-fluids, and their thermos-physical properties. The article concludes with a few observations and suggestions on the usage of Nano-fluids in flat-plate solar collectors. This article summarizes the numerous research studies conducted in this region, which may prove useful for future experimental studies.
A review of aerodynamic analysis of commercial automotive-materials and methodsBarhm Mohamad
This paper explores the role of the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling technique in the aerodynamic design and propulsion system of the formula 1 car. It provides a study of Reynolds number influences on the state of the boundary layer, unstable and steady flow, time-dependent wake structure, interacting shear layer and separate flows through literature review. As pointed out in is paper, the aerodynamics analysis is conducted to decrease the drag force. Using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tools, the analysis was carried out. The major objective of this review article will be to increase the car stability and reduce drag. The efficiency of the track would also increase the air resistance of the vehicle. The ideas of dimensional analysis and uniformity of flows are used to demonstrate that commercial ground cars' aerodynamics are only dependent on the transitional and trans-critical flow regimes.
Book of Abstracts from 9th International Scientific Conference on Advances in...Barhm Mohamad
The 9th International Scientific Conference on Advances in Mechanical Engineering (ISCAME, November 9-10, 2023, Debrecen, Hungary) was organized by the Department of Mechanical Engineering (Faculty of Engineering, University of Debrecen) and the Working Commission of Mechanical Engineering (Specialized Committee in Engineering, Regional Committee in Debrecen, Hungarian Academy of Sciences). The main goal of ISCAME is to yearly bring together engineers, scientists, researchers, practitioners from academia and industry to present their original works and share experiences regarding all aspects of mechanical engineering sciences.
A REVIEW OF AERODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF COMMERCIAL AUTOMOTIVE-MATERIALS AND METHODS Barhm Mohamad
This paper explores the role of the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling technique in the aerodynamic design and propulsion system of the formula 1 car. It provides a study of Reynolds number influences on the state of the boundary layer, unstable and steady flow, time-dependent wake structure, interacting shear layer and separate flows through literature review. As pointed out in is paper, the aerodynamics analysis is conducted to decrease the drag force. Using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tools, the analysis was carried out. The major objective of this review article will be to increase the car stability and reduce drag. The efficiency of the track would also increase the air resistance of the vehicle. The ideas of dimensional analysis and uniformity of flows are used to demonstrate that commercial ground cars' aerodynamics are only dependent on the transitional and trans-critical flow regimes.
An Experimental Artificial Neural Network Model: Investigating and Predicting...Barhm Mohamad
The present study establishes a new estimation model using an artificial neural network (ANN) to predict the mechanical properties of the AISI 1035 alloy. The experiments were designed based on the L16 orthogonal array of the Taguchi method. A proposed numerical model for predicting the correlation of mechanical properties was supplemented with experimental data. The quenching process was conducted using a cooling medium called “nanofluids”. Nanoparticles were dissolved in a liquid phase at various concentrations (0.5, 1, 2.5, and 5 % vf) to prepare the nanofluids. Experimental investigations were done to assess the impact of temperature, base fluid, volume fraction, and soaking time on the mechanical properties. The outcomes showed that all conditions led to a noticeable improvement in the alloy's hardness which reached 100%, the grain size was refined about 80%, and unwanted residual stresses were removed from 50 to 150 MPa. Adding 5% of CuO nanoparticles to oil led to the best grain size refinement, while adding 2.5% of Al2O3 nanoparticles to engine oil resulted in the greatest compressive residual stress. The experimental variables were used as the input data for the established numerical ANN model, and the mechanical properties were the output. Upwards of 99% of the training network's correlations seemed to be positive. The estimated result, nevertheless, matched the experimental dataset exactly. Thus, the ANN model is an effective tool for reflecting the effects of quenching conditions on the mechanical properties of AISI 1035.
Experimental study of nano-composite materials on vibration responsesBarhm Mohamad
This paper present of experimental and numerical study of nano Al2O3 cantilever beam for forced vibration, addressing an unexplored area in the existing literature. The proposed nano composite cantilever beam is modeled with hole and crack. The study is based on history loading calculation and composite morphology a global parameter, the transverse crack in nano composite cantilever beam was studied and analyzed experimentally using a four-channel dynamic signal acquisition (NI 9234) module for making high-accuracy measurements and its ideal for vibration applications. The relationship between the dispersion and interaction of the alumina nanoparticles within the cantilever beam and morphology of the solid, hole and crack composite has been identified. Furthermore, the influence of particles Al2O3 at different concentrations (0%, 1%, 3% and 4%) have been studied respectively. Supporting results proved that the crack and hole depth increases with increases of history loading. Nanoparticles dispersed within the specimen can increase energy dissipation during vibration, leading to improved damping characteristics. For future work, it is recommended to utilize statistical frequency domain input, such as Power Spectral Density (PSD), for assessing the structural response instead of employing time history loading.
Entropy generation and heat transfer rate for MHD forced convection of nanoli...Barhm Mohamad
In this paper, magnetohydrodynamic laminar forced convection of nanoliquid in a rectangular channel with an extended surface, top moving wall and three cylindrical blocks is numerically studied. The Lattice Boltzmann method is used for the resolution of the governing equations. Validity of the numerical home elaborated FORTRAN code was made and good agreement was found with published results. It is interspersed in this work by the effects of the following parameters: Reynolds number (50≤Re≤200), Hartmann number (0≤Ha≤50), nanoparticles volume fraction (0≤φ≤4%) and Eckert number (0.25≤Ec≤1). The numerical solution shows that the local and average Nusselt numbers ameliorate when the value of Reynolds number, Eckert number, and the nanoparticles volume fraction are enhanced. But decreases when the Hartmann number is increased. The impacts of viscous dissipation on heat transfer rate and entropy generation are more noticeable in the presence of a magnetic field. The addition of 4% of nanoparticles enhances the local Nusselt number by about 7%.
ANALYSIS OF THE MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF DATE SEED POWDER-BASED COMPOSIT...Barhm Mohamad
Composites with fiber reinforcement are often a popular lightweight option. Due to their unique qualities, fiber-reinforced composites are the best alternative to traditional materials. Mechanical parameters of a carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy resin (CFRE) composite reinforced with date seed granulated powder (DSGP) were examined at the room temperature. The mechanical qualities included tensile, flexural, and impact strength. Enhanced mechanical properties were noticed compared to carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composite produced using the hand lay-up method and vacuum bag. The DSGP-reinforced CFRE with weight ratios of 0%, 15%, 25%, and 35% were considered. The test results revealed the maximum values of breaking force, maximum bending force, energy absorption capacity, and hardness number for 15%, 35%, 25%, 25% Wt DSGP samples. The results show that the optimal composition for carbon fiber reinforced epoxy with date seed granules is in the range from 15% to 25% wt. GDS. This study reveals that carbon fiber-date seed-reinforced composites are excellent substitutes for carbon fiber composites since they offer better mechanical properties at a lower cost.
Thermodynamic analysis and optimization of flat plate solar collector using T...Barhm Mohamad
Solar energy's efficiency and environmental benefits attract academics. In Kirkuk, Iraq, the thermal efficiency, exergy, and entropy of solar collectors were calculated. The experiment involved two glass-topped collectors, fluid transfer tubes, and aluminum heat-absorbing plates. Glass wool insulation minimized heat loss. A 0.5% TiO2/Water nanofluid was created using a mechanical and ultrasonic stirrer. Results showed that solar radiation increased thermal efficiency until midday, reaching 48.48% for water and 51.23% for the nanofluid. With increasing mass flow rates from 0.0045 kg/s to 0.02 kg/s, thermal efficiency improved from 16.26% to 47.37% for water and from 20.65% to 48.76% for the nanofluid. Filtered water provided 380W and 395W of energy in March and April, while the nanofluid increased it to 395W and 415W during these months. Mass flow generated energy, and the Reynolds number raised entropy. The noon exergy efficiency for nanofluids was 50-55%, compared to 30% for water. At noon, the broken exergy measured 877.53 Watts for the nanofluid and 880.12 Watts for water. In Kirkuk, Iraq, the 0.5% TiO2/Water nanofluid outperformed water in solar collectors.
MODELLING AND TESTING OF ADVANCED INTAKE AND EXHAUST SYSTEM COMPONENTS FOR RA...Barhm Mohamad
In this research, it hasibeen shownithat the gas flow iniintake system effects on the FS
engineiperformance and acousticibehaviour. The proposedicalculationimethodsiare tested
numericallyiand byimeasurements. The team fromiUniversity of Miskolc improvedithe
car’s air intakeisystem usingi1D-AVL Boostiwithinithe parametric Fireisoftware
Workbenchienvironment. FS regulationsilimit the minimumidiameter of the restrictor to
20 mm, whichiregulatesithe maximumiintake mass flowirate. The plenum, downstreamiof
theirestrictor, directly influencesithe amount of freshiair reaching theicylinders. A plenum
that isitooilargeicausesithe motorito reactitoo slowlyito the acceleratoriand, in combination
withishortisuctionipipes, triggersithe engine to developisufficientitorqueionly atihigh
rotationispeeds. A too small plenumibehaves oppositely. Usingithe equationifor the intake
runnerilength, the lengthiof the idealirunner was determinedito be approximatelyi 250 mm
andiwith aidiameteriof 32 mm. Hence,idesign II of FormulaiStudent Racingi is aibetteri
choice.
Several calculation techniques were done to calculate transmission loss in different cases
for the muffler, white planewaveipropagationiwas applied from generator using two-load
method for transmission loss result validation of muffler. Theseican beiconsideredias an
accurateicheckiof theianalysisicarried out in thisiwork. It is worthipointingioutithatithis
workimayialso serve as aibenchmarkisolutioniforiapproximateiand numericalitechniques
used foridealing withihybrid muffleriproblems.
REMAPPING AND SIMULATION OF EFI SYSTEM FOR SI ENGINE USING PIGGYBACK ECUBarhm Mohamad
Electronic fuel injection (EFI) is a complex system comprising many parts, both mechanical and electronic, controlling an internal combustion engine. It carries out many different tasks. In motorsport, the most important thing to achieve is power optimisation. High power and engine responsiveness are often desired to gain a competitive edge. Usually, motorsport enthusiast will upgrade their stock vehicle with aftermarket components, such as higher rating turbo, longer duration camshafts, and exhaust system. These are difficult to carry out, time-consuming, and expensive tasks compared to the ECU calibration method. In Vietnam, most customers who want to change their vehicle's performance choose the Remap method on Factory ECU. By using the vehicle performance regulation method with a piggyback ECU, it is easier for the user to adjust the power than by the popular Remap method, the advantages being, for example, low cost and easy installation. Currently, there are very few documents describing and evaluating the effectiveness of a piggyback ECU installed in a vehicle. So, in this paper, an experimental reconstruction of an electronic fuel injection system with a piggyback ECU was performed, then the control algorithms of the electronic fuel injection system were simulated in LabVIEW, and the results were compared with the experiment, based on the simulation model of the control algorithm of the EFI system with many modes with different engine loads and speeds. The simulation results are used to evaluate the algorithm for the piggyback ECU.
Evaluation of Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger Performance by Using ZnO/Water Na...Barhm Mohamad
To examine and investigate the impact of nanofluid on heat exchanger performance, including the total heat transfer, the effect of friction factor, the average Nusselt number, and the thermal efficiency, the output heat transfers of a shell and tube heat exchanger using ZnO nanoparticles suspended in water has been conducted numerically. The governing equations were solved using finite volume techniques and CFD simulations with ANSYS/FLUENT Solver 2021. The nanoparticles volume fractions adopted are 0.2% and 0.35% that used in numerical computations under 200 to 1400 Reynolds numbers range. The increasing of temperature is approximately 13% from the bottom to the top of heat exchanger, while the maximum enhancement of Nusselt number is about 10%, 19% for volume fractions 0.2% and 0.35% respectively. The elevated values of the friction factor at the volumetric ratios of 0.2% and 0.35% are 0.25% and 0.47% respectively. The findings demonstrate that the performance efficiency of shell and tube heat exchanger is enhanced due to the increase in Nusselt number.
Enhancement of Double-Pipe Heat Exchanger Effectiveness by Using Porous Media...Barhm Mohamad
In this paper, the rate of heat transfer by forced convection in a counterflow heat exchanger, at turbulent flow conditions were investigated experimentally, using
porous media and TiO2 Nanofluid to observe the behaviour of heat transfer with flow rate and volume concentration of nanoparticles t enhance heat transfer through it. 3
mm Steel balls (ε=39.12%) as a porous media completely filled to the inner pipe (core
pipe). The cold and hot water are used as working fluids through the inner and outer
pipes. Then using, the TiO2 nanofluid instead of cold water flowing through the porous
pipe to enhance heat characteristics. The effects of operating parameters include flow rate (4 LPM, 6 LPM, and 8 LPM), Reynolds number between (3000 – 7000), and
nanoparticle volume fraction (0.001, 0.002 and 0.003) on Convective heat transfer co-
efficient and Nusselt number. Effective thermal conductivity is increased when the
nanoparticle volume fraction is increased. The heat transfer coefficient increases with
decreasing nanofluid temperature, but the heating fluid's temperature has no
significant effect on the nanofluid's heat transfer coefficient. The results show that
porous media and TiO2-based nanofluid's improve heat transfer at flow rate of 4 LPM
by 35.4% and improve NTU and effectiveness at flow rate of 4LPM by 12.4%, and 24%,
respectively, when compared to pure water without porous media. This improvement
in thermophysical properties yielded high heat transfer of heat exchangers used in
process industries.
In many cases, the drying of mater
ials is the fina l operation i n manufac turing process
carried out immediately prior to pack ag ing and dispatch . Drying refer s to final
removal o f water, and the operation follow s e vapo ration , filtration or crystallization .
Gas absorption in packed tower with Raschig rings packingsBarhm Mohamad
Gas absorption is mass transfer operation where one or more species is removed from
a gaseous stream by dissoluti on in a l iquid. Packed tower with Raschig Rings
packings is used in the experiment The component that is extracted from the gaseous
stream is known as solute and the component that extracting the solute is known as
solvent. Packed column is one of the com m only use d gas absorption equipment.
Packed column can be operated in co current as well as counter currently.
Counter current flow is preferable since the contact time between the liquid and gas is
greater. This equipment usually consists of a cylindrical column c ontaining a gas inlet
and distributing space at the bottom, a liquid inlet and a packing or filing in the tower.
Water billing management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project entitled “Water Billing Management System” aims is to generate Water bill with all the charges and penalty. Manual system that is employed is extremely laborious and quite inadequate. It only makes the process more difficult and hard.
The aim of our project is to develop a system that is meant to partially computerize the work performed in the Water Board like generating monthly Water bill, record of consuming unit of water, store record of the customer and previous unpaid record.
We used HTML/PHP as front end and MYSQL as back end for developing our project. HTML is primarily a visual design environment. We can create a android application by designing the form and that make up the user interface. Adding android application code to the form and the objects such as buttons and text boxes on them and adding any required support code in additional modular.
MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software. It is a stable ,reliable and the powerful solution with the advanced features and advantages which are as follows: Data Security.MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)ClaraZara1
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
2. Barhm Abdullah Mohamad and Abdelsalam Abdelhussien
http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/index.asp 300 editor@iaeme.com
(heavy frame) 9E-GE type. Industrial gas turbines 9E-GE is designed for stationary
applications and has lower pressure ratios – typically up to 16:1.
The temperature at which the turbine operates (firing temperature) also impacts
efficiency, with higher temperatures leading to higher efficiency. However, turbine
inlet temperature is limited by the thermal conditions that can be tolerated by the
turbine blade metal alloy. Gas temperatures at the turbine inlet between 1200ºC to
1600ºC, but some due to un expectable condition and over loading have boosted inlet
temperatures as high as 1600ºC and lead the blades /discs to fatigue and blades
fracture, to study the nature of components by using the finite element analysis
package such as ANSYS and to decrease the stress over the blade, that recommended
by engineering blade coatings and cooling systems to protect metallurgical
components from thermal damage. Because of the power required to drive the
compressor, energy conversion efficiency for a simple cycle gas turbine power plant
is typically about 30 percent, with even the most efficient designs limited to 40
percent.
Figure 1 (A) Top view of gas turbine blade, (B) Front view of gas turbine blade
2. GAS TURBINE BLADE MATERIALS
The materials developed at the first instance for gas turbine engine applications had
high temperature tensile strength as the prime requirement. This requirement quickly
changed as operating temperatures rose. Stress rupture life and then creep properties
became important. Advancements in gas turbine materials have always played a prime
role – higher the capability of the materials to withstand elevated temperature service,
more the engine efficiency; materials with high elevated temperature strength to
weight ratio help in weight reduction. A wide spectrum of high performance materials
- special steels, titanium alloys and super alloys - is used for construction of gas
turbines blades.
Coating technology has become an integral part of manufacture of gas turbine
engine components operating at high temperatures, as this is the only way a
combination of high level of mechanical properties and excellent resistance to
oxidation / hot corrosion resistance could be achieved.
3. Failure Analysis of Gas Turbine Blade Using Finite Element Analysis
http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/index.asp 301 editor@iaeme.com
Figure 2 Schematic microstructure of a thermal barrier coating, the columnar microstructure
considerably enhances the strain resistance and therefore thermal cycling life.
This situation led to the development of cast nickel-base alloys. Casting
compositions can be tailored for good high temperature strength as there was no
forgeability requirement. In recent years it has been also used as stage 2 bucket
material in some GE engines. The alloy has an outstanding combination of elevated
temperature strength and hot corrosion resistance and this makes it attractive for
heavy duty gas turbine applications. Developments in processing technology have
enabled production of the alloy in large ingot sizes. The alloy is used throughout the
heavy duty gas turbine industry. The chemical structure of GTD 111 blade material
type:
GTD 111: Ni14Cr9.5Co3.8W1.5Mo4.9Ti3.0Al0.10C0.01B2.8Ta
3. FINITE ELEMENT MODEL OF THE GAS TURBINE BLADE
Parametric geometry models of blade were made, using the FE model of disc
presented in Fig. 3. The discretized model of the blade consists of 11,420 nodes,
13,248 elements.
To model the mechanical interface of adjacent surfaces of the blade, the ‘‘master-
slave’’ type of contact with friction coefficient of 0.1 was defined.
Figure 3 ANSYS model of the thermal induced stress distribution within gas turbine blades
4. Barhm Abdullah Mohamad and Abdelsalam Abdelhussien
http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/index.asp 302 editor@iaeme.com
4. LOADS, BOUNDARYS CONDITIONS AND MATERIAL
PROPERTIES FOR FE MODEL
In this section, a study of which variables most effects on the blade life for a typical
high pressure, high temperature turbine blade.
A rotating hot section component in a turbine engine is in general subjected to a
combination of surface centrifugal loads and thermal loads. The surface loads are
associated with aerodynamic forces, resulting mainly from impingement of hot gases
on the surfaces of blades. The centrifugal loads arising from the mass of the rotated
disc and blades are usually the most critical loads acting on turbine blades. This load
was determined through finite element calculation after defining the axis of
symmetry, the rotational speed and blade material density. In this analysis, the
operational turbine speed of 6000 rpm (rotation per minute) was applied.
Computations for the rotational speed range of 0–10000 rpm additionally were
performed for analysis of phenomena occurring in the turbine during excessive speed.
The aerodynamic forces were modeled in the simplified procedure as two vectors
of 100 N, imposed on the concave surface of blade. The simplified thermal load
presented in Fig. 4 was defined.
The turbine blade is manufactured out of GTD 111 material. This alloy is a
precipitation-hardened nickel-base super alloy with good strength, ductility, and
fracture toughness over a temperature range of 1200 . These properties along with
good weld ability and formability account for its wide use in turbine engine
applications.
The yield point of GTD 111 alloy is 921MPa, while the UTS (ultimate tensile
strength) is 1200 MPa.
This GTD 111 material alloy is a precipitation-hardened nickel base alloy, with
better creep-resistance for high temperature. The analysis presented in this paper was
performed for elastic–plastic blade materials, with isotropic hardening as showing in
fig.5
Table 1 Stage operating conditions (reference case)
Parameters Value
Tt,in/K 1484
Pt,in/kPa 1382(13.82bar)
Ps,out/kPa 647(6.47bar)
Pt,in-c/kPa 1420(14.2bar)
Tt,in-c/K 696
Speed/rpm 9800
5. Failure Analysis of Gas Turbine Blade Using Finite Element Analysis
http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/index.asp 303 editor@iaeme.com
Table 2 Rotor blade metal and coating specifications (reference case)
Parameter Value
ρme/(kg/m3) 8250
kme/(W/(m K)) 17.7
Cme/(J/(kg K)) 710
ρco/(kg/m3) 6000
kco/(W/(m K)) 2.29
Cco/(J/(kg K)) 470
δco/μm 10
Table 3 Mechanical properties of GTD 111superalloy.
Parameter
ρm /(kg/m3)
E/GPa 145
α/K−1 -
υ 0.3
Figure 4 ANSYS model of the stress distribution within gas turbine blade and disc
6. Barhm Abdullah Mohamad and Abdelsalam Abdelhussien
http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/index.asp 304 editor@iaeme.com
Figure 5 In-plane stress in top ceramic coat during a whole thermal cycle from both
pressure and suction sides of a gas turbine blade
5. CONCLUSIONS
In this paper, a three-dimensional finite element model of a gas turbine blade has been
established by ANSYS software, and then its thermal fatigue behavior has been
investigated. The following important conclusions have been obtained:
Due to the non-uniform distribution of displacement, strain and stress in gas turbine
blade, the regions located at the top, bottom of suction or pressure sides tend to
produce a maximum of displacement, with the occurrence of a bigger strain or stress,
where sub-critical cracks preferentially form.
According to the maximum tensile stress criterion, dangerous regions of a turbine
blade with Disc can be predicted. These dangerous regions mainly locate at of the
lower fir-tree slot.
REFERENCES
[1] Chan SK, Tuba IS. A finite element method for contact problems of solid bodies –
Part II: Applications to turbine blade fastenings. Int J Mech Sci 1971; 13: 627–
39.
[2] Meguid SA, Kanth PS, Czekanski A. Finite element analysis of fir-tree region in
turbine disc. Finite Element Anal Des 2000; 35:305–17.
[3] Papanikos P, Meguid SA, Stjepanovic Z. Three-dimensional nonlinear finite
element analysis of dovetail joints in aero-engine discs. Finite Element Anal Des
1998; 29: 173–86.
[4] McEvily A. Failures in inspection procedures: case studies. Eng Failure Anal
2004; 11: 167–76.
7. Failure Analysis of Gas Turbine Blade Using Finite Element Analysis
http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/index.asp 305 editor@iaeme.com
[5] Hou J, Wicks BJ, Antoniou RA. An investigations of fatigue failures of turbine
blades in a gas turbine engine by mechanical analysis. Eng Failure Anal 2002;
9:201–11.
[6] Bhaumik SK. Failure of turbine rotor blisk of an aircraft engine. Eng Failure
Anal 2002; 9: 287–301.
[7] Nagesha S, Vimala Narayanan, S. Ganesan and K. S.Shashishekar, CFD Analysis
In An Ejector of Gas Turbine Engine Test Bed. International Journal of
Mechanical Engineering and Technology, 5(9), 2014, pp. 101–108.
[8] P.S. Jeyalaxmi And Dr.G.Kalivarathan, CFD Analysis of Flow Characteristics In
A Gas Turbine- A Viable Approach To Predict The Turbulence. International
Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, 4(2), 2013, pp. 39–46.
[9] S.Naga Kishore and Dr. T.V.Rao, Sensitivity Analysis of Heat Recovery Steam
Generator for A Ge 6fa Gas Turbine. International Journal of Mechanical
Engineering and Technology, 4(2), 2013, pp. 39–46
[10] Park M, Hwang Y, Choi Y, Kim T. Analysis of a J69-T-25 engine turbine blade
fracture. Eng Failure Anal 2002; 9: 593–601.