This document discusses different types of compressors used in mechanical engineering. It covers positive displacement compressors like roots blowers, vane compressors, and screw compressors. It also discusses steady flow compressors such as centrifugal and axial flow compressors. For each type of compressor, the document provides details on their working principles, applications, pressure ratios, flow rates and comparative advantages.
In the hydrocarbon processing and production industry, gas is compressed for transportation to consuming markets and for use in processing operations. This presentation is about the construction and operation of compressors.
In this presentation you will learn about the construction and operation of centrifugal compressors.
In the hydrocarbon processing and production industry, gas is compressed for transportation to consuming markets and for use in processing operations. This presentation is about the construction and operation of compressors.
In this presentation you will learn about the construction and operation of centrifugal compressors.
This compressor works on the principle of centrifugal action. It finds wide variety of applications in engineering field. It is available in market from low to high capacities.
A steam turbine is a prime mover in which the potential energy of the steam is transformed into kinetic energy and later in its turn is transformed into the mechanical energy of rotation of the turbine shaft
PPT describes the engine performance parameters of the I.C. engine.
Engine performance is an indication of the degree of success of the engine performs its assigned task, i.e. the conversion of the chemical energy contained in the fuel into the useful mechanical work. The engine performance is indicated by the term efficiency, η. Five important engine efficiencies and other related engine performance parameters are:
Power
Indicated Thermal Efficiency (ηith)
Brake Thermal Efficiency (ηbth)
Mechanical Efficiency (ηm)
Volumetric Efficiency (ηv)
Relative Efficiency or Efficiency Ratio (ηrel)
Mean Effective Pressure (Pm)
Specific Fuel Consumption (sfc)
Fuel-Air or Air-Fuel Ratio (F/A or A/F)
Calorific Value (CV)
Power:-
The main purpose of running an engine is to obtain mechanical power.
Brake Power (B.P.)
The power developed by an Engine at the output shaft is called the brake power.
Brake Power= Brake Workdone/Time
B.P.=BWD/sec.
Indicated power (I.P.)
The total power developed by Combustion of fuel in the combustion chamber is called indicated power.
Indicated Power= Indicated Workdone/Time
I.P.=IWD/sec.
Frictional Power (F.P.)
The difference between I.P. and B.P. is called frictional power (f.p.).
FP = IP – BP
Thermal Efficiency (ηth)
Thermal efficiency is the ratio of Power to energy supplied by the fuel.
ηth= Power/ Energy
In I.C. Engine, thermal efficiency can be classified into two categories i.e.
Indicated Thermal Efficiency (ηith)
Indicated thermal efficiency is the ratio of indicated power to the heat supplied or added.
ηith= IP/Qs
2. Brake Thermal Efficiency (ηith)
Brake Thermal Efficiency is the ratio of brake power to the heat supplied or added.
ηbth= BP/Qs
Volumetric Efficiency (ηv)
This is one of the most important parameters which decide the performance of four-stroke engines. Four stoke engines have distinct suction stoke, volumetric efficiency indicates the breathing ability of the engine.
Volumetric efficiency is defined as the ratio of actual flow rate of air into the intake system to rate at which the volume is displaced by the system.
ηv= (푚 ̇"a/a" )/(푉푑푖푠푝푎푐푒푑 푋 푁/2)
"a"= Inlet density is taken atmospheric air density
N= Number of the cylinder in use
A gas turbine, also called a combustion turbine, is a type of internal combustion engine. It has an upstream rotating compressor coupled toa downstream turbine, and a combustion chamber in-between. Energy is added to the gas stream in the combustor, where fuel is mixed with air and ignited. In the high-pressure environment of the combustor, combustion of the fuel increases the temperature. The products of the combustion are forced into the turbine section
Visit https://www.topicsforseminar.com to Download
Simple description about gas turbine. Where you are going to know about its classification,advantages and disadvantages also.Here also you can find-out where it is actually usages.
Compressors complete description and a well arranged slides for the topic. That's too the point and relevant slide share you are looking for! Hope you will find it easy to understand
Thank you!
This powerpint presentation includes all the detail of various types of AIR COPMPRESSSORS,with its real and schematic diagram
- Parth Patel
1st Year Electrical
This compressor works on the principle of centrifugal action. It finds wide variety of applications in engineering field. It is available in market from low to high capacities.
A steam turbine is a prime mover in which the potential energy of the steam is transformed into kinetic energy and later in its turn is transformed into the mechanical energy of rotation of the turbine shaft
PPT describes the engine performance parameters of the I.C. engine.
Engine performance is an indication of the degree of success of the engine performs its assigned task, i.e. the conversion of the chemical energy contained in the fuel into the useful mechanical work. The engine performance is indicated by the term efficiency, η. Five important engine efficiencies and other related engine performance parameters are:
Power
Indicated Thermal Efficiency (ηith)
Brake Thermal Efficiency (ηbth)
Mechanical Efficiency (ηm)
Volumetric Efficiency (ηv)
Relative Efficiency or Efficiency Ratio (ηrel)
Mean Effective Pressure (Pm)
Specific Fuel Consumption (sfc)
Fuel-Air or Air-Fuel Ratio (F/A or A/F)
Calorific Value (CV)
Power:-
The main purpose of running an engine is to obtain mechanical power.
Brake Power (B.P.)
The power developed by an Engine at the output shaft is called the brake power.
Brake Power= Brake Workdone/Time
B.P.=BWD/sec.
Indicated power (I.P.)
The total power developed by Combustion of fuel in the combustion chamber is called indicated power.
Indicated Power= Indicated Workdone/Time
I.P.=IWD/sec.
Frictional Power (F.P.)
The difference between I.P. and B.P. is called frictional power (f.p.).
FP = IP – BP
Thermal Efficiency (ηth)
Thermal efficiency is the ratio of Power to energy supplied by the fuel.
ηth= Power/ Energy
In I.C. Engine, thermal efficiency can be classified into two categories i.e.
Indicated Thermal Efficiency (ηith)
Indicated thermal efficiency is the ratio of indicated power to the heat supplied or added.
ηith= IP/Qs
2. Brake Thermal Efficiency (ηith)
Brake Thermal Efficiency is the ratio of brake power to the heat supplied or added.
ηbth= BP/Qs
Volumetric Efficiency (ηv)
This is one of the most important parameters which decide the performance of four-stroke engines. Four stoke engines have distinct suction stoke, volumetric efficiency indicates the breathing ability of the engine.
Volumetric efficiency is defined as the ratio of actual flow rate of air into the intake system to rate at which the volume is displaced by the system.
ηv= (푚 ̇"a/a" )/(푉푑푖푠푝푎푐푒푑 푋 푁/2)
"a"= Inlet density is taken atmospheric air density
N= Number of the cylinder in use
A gas turbine, also called a combustion turbine, is a type of internal combustion engine. It has an upstream rotating compressor coupled toa downstream turbine, and a combustion chamber in-between. Energy is added to the gas stream in the combustor, where fuel is mixed with air and ignited. In the high-pressure environment of the combustor, combustion of the fuel increases the temperature. The products of the combustion are forced into the turbine section
Visit https://www.topicsforseminar.com to Download
Simple description about gas turbine. Where you are going to know about its classification,advantages and disadvantages also.Here also you can find-out where it is actually usages.
Compressors complete description and a well arranged slides for the topic. That's too the point and relevant slide share you are looking for! Hope you will find it easy to understand
Thank you!
This powerpint presentation includes all the detail of various types of AIR COPMPRESSSORS,with its real and schematic diagram
- Parth Patel
1st Year Electrical
SAIF ALDIN ALI MADIN
سيف الدين علي ماضي
S96aif@gmail.com
Presentation
on
Axial Flow Compressor
Introduction
Construction
Working
Design
Main Parts
Stalling
Surging
Stage Losses
Advantages - Disadvantages & Applications
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
3. RECIPROCATING AND ROTARY
COMPRESORS COMPARISON
RECIPROCATING
1. PRESSURE UPTO 1000
BAR
2. VOLUME FLOW RATE 3O
m3/min
3. SLOW SPEEDS
ROTARY
1. PRESSURE UPTO 10 BAR
BY MULTISTGE MAX 40
BAR
1. VOLUME FLOW RATE
1200 TO 4200 m3/min
2. HIGH SPEEDS 3000 RPM
20-May-21
4. POSITIVE DISCPLACEMENT
1. ROOTS BLOWER/ VANE /SCREW COMPRESSORS
PRESSURE UPTO 4 BAR
VOLUME FLOW RATE 0.5 TO 1500 m3/min
2. CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSORS
PRESSURE RATIO 4:1
VOLUME FLOW RATE 15 TO 1200 m3/min
3. AXIAL COMPRESSORS
per stage compression ratio = 1.2 to 1.3
No. of stages = 8 to 20
Total compression ratio = 20:1
Discharge pressure = 400 bar
Volume flow rate = 1200 m3/min to 42000m3/min
20-May-21
5. ROOTS BLOWER
• The Roots type supercharger or Roots blower is a
positive displacement lobe pump which operates by
pumping a fluid with a pair of meshing lobes not unlike a
set of stretched gears. Fluid is trapped in pockets
surrounding the lobes and carried from the intake side to
the exhaust. It is frequently used as a supercharger in
engines, where it is driven directly from the engine's
crankshaft via a belt or, in a two-stroke diesel engine, by
spur gears.
20-May-21
8. ROOTS BLOWER ANALYSIS
• Work required to drive the root blower with two lobes per
revolution
• W = V (P2-P1)
Note: V= 4V for 2 lobe rotor and 6V for 3 lobe rotor
• Volume of air compressed per minute (Va) = 4V*N [ for 2 lobe]
Where N = speed of blower in RPM
- ACTAUL POWER REQUIRED TO COMPRESS Va AIR in
m3/min = Pa = Va (P2-P1)
- IDEAL POWER REQUIRED TO COMPRESS Va AIR in
m3/min = Pi = (γ/ γ-1) P1 Va [(p2/P1)(γ-1/ γ) - 1]
(The same relation we’ve derived for reciprocating compressor in class )
- Root Efficiency = Ideal Power/Actual Power
20-May-21
9. Root Blower Efficiency
- Root Efficiency = Ideal Power/Actual Power
= (γ/ γ-1) P1 Va [(p2/P1)(γ-1/ γ) - 1]
Va(P2-P1)
OR
ROOT EFFICIENCY = (γ/ γ-1) [(rp) )(γ-1/ γ) - 1]
[rp-1]
Where rp is the pressure ratio
20-May-21
10. VANE BLOWER
• Mechanism:
• The rotor is bias rotated (as the follow diagram) with the
vane going in and out inside the slots. The vane are
compelled to attach the inside surface of casing, so that air
is absorbed from inlet and compressed out to the outlet
Applications:
* Wastewater treatment
* Air transportation
* Fish breeding aeration * Dust collection
* Vacuum packing * Vacuum absorption
20-May-21
12. VANE BLOWER ANALYSIS
1
2
c
P1
Pc
P2
P
V
Pressure rise due to
back flow of air
Pressure rise due to
internal compression
Total pressure rise = Internal compression pressure rise + Back flow
W = W1-c + Wc-2
W = (γ/ γ-1) P1 V1 [(Pc/P1)(γ-1/ γ) - 1] + Vc (P2-PC)
Also P1V1γ = Pc Vc
γ
So, W = (γ/ γ-1) P1 V1 [(Pc/P1)(γ-1/ γ) - 1] + (P1/Pc)(1/ γ) V1 (P2-Pc)
20-May-21
15. Steady flow compressors
1. centrifugal compressor
The centrifugal air compressor is a dynamic
compressor which depends on a rotating impeller to
compress the air
In order to do this efficiently, centrifugal
compressors must rotate at higher speeds than the
other types of compressors
These types of compressors are designed for higher
capacity because flow through the compressor is
continuous and oil free by design
20-May-21
17. Centrifugal compressors consist of three main
parts, as shown in Figure
•The first is a rotating impeller, which imparts
work to the gas by increasing its angular
momentum. The fluid static pressure and
absolute velocity (stationary frame of
reference) increase through the impeller
passage.
•The second component is the diffuser
section, often with vanes to increase the
effectiveness. The diffuser converts the kinetic
energy into the static pressure by decelerating
the fluid.
20-May-21
18. • The third and final component is a volute or
collector, used for collecting the gas from
diffuser and delivering to the outlet pipe. A
volute has two functions: collection and
diffusion.
• The volute must collect and transport the
fluid to the downstream system. It also raises
the static pressure by converting kinetic
energy (ρu2) to potential energy (static
pressure).
• The latter function has performance benefits,
as the discharge pressure is increased.
20-May-21
19. • Impeller rotates around 3000 rpm and produce
centrifugal head which causes air to flow from
surrounding to axially inside the impeller eye
• The air flows radially outwards into the impeller
blade
• When air flow from impeller eye to tip of impeller
blades, there is an increase in pressure and
temperature of air due to increased momentum
CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSOR WORKING
20-May-21
20. • Diffuser blades provide an increased area
of passage to the air which is passing
outward due to which K.E of air leaving the
impeller is reduced and its pressure
energy in increased.
• Due to increased area of volute casing the
pressure further rises in casing
CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSOR WORKING
20-May-21
21. Figure : Centrifugal compressor layout. (a) A cross-sectional
view, showing the impeller followed by a vaned diffuser, and a
volute. (b) An isometric view of the package.
20-May-21
27. AXIAL FLOW COMPRESSOR
Air Flow – parallel to compressor axis Fixed blade receive
high velocity gas from preceding rotor blade and directs
the flow to the succeeding rows of rotor blades.
The gas space is restricted as staging progresses by
decreasing the radial distance between the rotor drum
and the casing and also by shortening the blades due to
reduction in volume.
Blades – made of aerofoil section to reduce friction
Pr ratio per stage = 1.06 to 1.2
No. of stages used around 5 to 14
Ultimate pressure ratio = 10:1
Flow rate around 30000 m3/min
20-May-21