This document presents an experimental study that investigates using nanofluids to improve heat transfer in heat pipes. Specifically, it tests flowing aluminum oxide-water nanofluid through the condenser side of a sintered copper heat pipe, while hot water passes through the evaporator side. It finds that the nanofluid provides better heat transfer enhancement than plain water, as seen through lower logarithmic mean temperature differences and capacity ratios with increasing flow rates for the nanofluid case compared to water. The aim of the study is to explore nanofluids as an alternative coolant for improving heat transfer characteristics in compact electronic equipment.
IRJET- Analysis of Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger MaterialsIRJET Journal
This document analyzes materials used for shell and tube heat exchangers. It discusses ceramic and metallic materials like copper alloys and stainless steel. Ceramic materials offer advantages like high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, and thermal conductivity. However, ceramics also have higher costs. Key factors in selecting heat exchanger materials include maximum operating temperatures, corrosion resistance, mechanical strength, and thermal efficiency. The document concludes that while ceramics increase heat transfer performance, stainless steel remains the most cost-effective conventional material. Material selection requires considering all relevant factors to provide long service life.
IRJET- Effect of Thermal Properties on Fly Ash based ConcreteIRJET Journal
This document discusses an experimental study on the effect of thermal properties of fly ash-based concrete. Fly ash is obtained from a sugar industry and sieved into two grain sizes. Concrete slabs are prepared by replacing cement with 20%, 25%, and 30% fly ash fractions. Experiments are conducted to determine the thermal conductivity, coefficient of thermal expansion, specific heat, and thermal diffusivity of the concrete slabs and compared to normal concrete. The results show that fly ash concrete has lower thermal conductivity, higher specific heat capacity, and lower thermal expansion compared to normal concrete.
IRJET - Review Paper of Engine Cooling SystemIRJET Journal
1) The document reviews the history of developments in automobile engine cooling systems from 1983 to 2016. It describes how materials like aluminum, brass, and carbon foam were tested and adopted to improve radiator efficiency.
2) In 1983, Ford began using aluminum instead of copper and brass for radiator components because it was lighter, cheaper, and more durable. Since then, many other innovations improved airflow and heat transfer.
3) Recent research has tested nanofluids and different radiator tube designs to further enhance cooling capabilities. Overall the paper examines over 30 years of advances that increased radiator performance.
IRJET- Thermal Performance and Analysis of a Solar Water Heating System with ...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes the thermal performance of a solar water heating system that uses an evacuated tube collector with heat pipe technology. Three materials - aluminum, copper, and aluminum alloy 6061 - are considered for the heat pipe base. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis and theoretical calculations are performed to evaluate heat transfer and heat flux rates under different mass flow rates. The results show that copper has the highest heat transfer and heat flux rates, making it the best material for the heat pipe. The maximum temperature, minimum temperature, and heat flux are highest for copper alloy compared to aluminum and aluminum alloy 6061. Therefore, copper alloy is determined to be the best material for the heat pipe in an evacuated tube solar collector.
IRJET- Study of Mechanical Properties of Fly Ash Based Geopolymer ConcreteIRJET Journal
This study evaluated the mechanical properties of fly ash-based geopolymer concrete and compared them to conventional cement concrete. Fly ash-based geopolymer concrete specimens were cast and tested for properties like compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and modulus of elasticity after 7 days of curing. The test results showed that the geopolymer concrete exhibited higher strengths and elastic modulus than required code values for conventional cement concrete after the same curing period. However, geopolymer concrete workability was lower and required heat curing which can be addressed by adding cement. Overall, the study demonstrated that geopolymer concrete has potential to be a more sustainable alternative to cement concrete.
Remaining life assessment of refinery furnace tubes using finite element methodBarhm Mohamad
Crude oil heater 9Cre-1Mo steel tubes from a refinery plant were studied, after 5 years of service at nominally 650 Cº and 3 bar, to predict their remnant lives. The investigation included dimensional, hardness and tensile measurements in addition to accelerated stress rupture tests between 650 Cº and 700 Cº and microstructural examination. Tube specimens were taken from two sections, the overheated side and the side which only saw the nominal operating temperature. The method employed involved the prediction of the increase in temperature with increasing sediment deposition during the operating life times using an FEM model. In addition the predicted temperatures are used to derive appropriate creep properties at relevant temperatures in a 3D pipe FEM creep analysis to predict the pipe deformation rate. All compare well with the actual service exposed pipe measurements and layer deposition. The overheated side revealed a small loss of creep strength in a stress rupture test. A layer of sediment (appr. 10 mm thickness) consisting basically of sintered carbon (coke) spread over the inside of the tube was acting as a thermal barrier causing the temperature to rise above 650 Cº. Analysis for the overheated side predicted an upper bound temperature of 800 Cº and a life of about 50 h suggesting that failure by creep rupture could occur rapidly in the sediment region.
Study on Flame Retardancy, Mechanical, and Thermal Property on Epoxy Based Al...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the effects of adding silica aerogel and aluminium hydroxide to epoxy resin composites. Various tests were conducted to evaluate the flame retardancy, mechanical, and thermal properties of the composites. Limiting oxygen index, horizontal burning, and vertical burning tests showed that adding silica aerogel improved the flame retardancy of the epoxy resin composites. Mechanical tests found that silica aerogel improved the tensile strength, stiffness, and compressive strength compared to aluminium hydroxide composites. Thermal conductivity was also evaluated and showed silica aerogel reduced the conductivity of the composites. The document describes the materials, specimen preparation methods, and testing
human recourse information system; public sector; performance; satisfaction o...IJERA Editor
Electric Water Heaters are widely used all over the world that can be categorized in two types i.e. Instant Water Heaters & Storage type Water Heaters. The energy consumption for 6 liter water heaters is much higher in the storage type of water heater. As energy is an important factor for economic development of country, therefore there is need to save the energy which implies the focus to use Storage type Water Heaters. In 6 Liter water heater, Existing model converting from 4 star rating to 5 star rating by thermal analysis & insulation. After the theoretical calculation of thickness of glass wool is the practical testing of product with BEE norms & got results for 5 Star Calculation. Finally we are doing the thermal analysis for theoretical & practical verification of the product
IRJET- Analysis of Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger MaterialsIRJET Journal
This document analyzes materials used for shell and tube heat exchangers. It discusses ceramic and metallic materials like copper alloys and stainless steel. Ceramic materials offer advantages like high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, and thermal conductivity. However, ceramics also have higher costs. Key factors in selecting heat exchanger materials include maximum operating temperatures, corrosion resistance, mechanical strength, and thermal efficiency. The document concludes that while ceramics increase heat transfer performance, stainless steel remains the most cost-effective conventional material. Material selection requires considering all relevant factors to provide long service life.
IRJET- Effect of Thermal Properties on Fly Ash based ConcreteIRJET Journal
This document discusses an experimental study on the effect of thermal properties of fly ash-based concrete. Fly ash is obtained from a sugar industry and sieved into two grain sizes. Concrete slabs are prepared by replacing cement with 20%, 25%, and 30% fly ash fractions. Experiments are conducted to determine the thermal conductivity, coefficient of thermal expansion, specific heat, and thermal diffusivity of the concrete slabs and compared to normal concrete. The results show that fly ash concrete has lower thermal conductivity, higher specific heat capacity, and lower thermal expansion compared to normal concrete.
IRJET - Review Paper of Engine Cooling SystemIRJET Journal
1) The document reviews the history of developments in automobile engine cooling systems from 1983 to 2016. It describes how materials like aluminum, brass, and carbon foam were tested and adopted to improve radiator efficiency.
2) In 1983, Ford began using aluminum instead of copper and brass for radiator components because it was lighter, cheaper, and more durable. Since then, many other innovations improved airflow and heat transfer.
3) Recent research has tested nanofluids and different radiator tube designs to further enhance cooling capabilities. Overall the paper examines over 30 years of advances that increased radiator performance.
IRJET- Thermal Performance and Analysis of a Solar Water Heating System with ...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes the thermal performance of a solar water heating system that uses an evacuated tube collector with heat pipe technology. Three materials - aluminum, copper, and aluminum alloy 6061 - are considered for the heat pipe base. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis and theoretical calculations are performed to evaluate heat transfer and heat flux rates under different mass flow rates. The results show that copper has the highest heat transfer and heat flux rates, making it the best material for the heat pipe. The maximum temperature, minimum temperature, and heat flux are highest for copper alloy compared to aluminum and aluminum alloy 6061. Therefore, copper alloy is determined to be the best material for the heat pipe in an evacuated tube solar collector.
IRJET- Study of Mechanical Properties of Fly Ash Based Geopolymer ConcreteIRJET Journal
This study evaluated the mechanical properties of fly ash-based geopolymer concrete and compared them to conventional cement concrete. Fly ash-based geopolymer concrete specimens were cast and tested for properties like compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and modulus of elasticity after 7 days of curing. The test results showed that the geopolymer concrete exhibited higher strengths and elastic modulus than required code values for conventional cement concrete after the same curing period. However, geopolymer concrete workability was lower and required heat curing which can be addressed by adding cement. Overall, the study demonstrated that geopolymer concrete has potential to be a more sustainable alternative to cement concrete.
Remaining life assessment of refinery furnace tubes using finite element methodBarhm Mohamad
Crude oil heater 9Cre-1Mo steel tubes from a refinery plant were studied, after 5 years of service at nominally 650 Cº and 3 bar, to predict their remnant lives. The investigation included dimensional, hardness and tensile measurements in addition to accelerated stress rupture tests between 650 Cº and 700 Cº and microstructural examination. Tube specimens were taken from two sections, the overheated side and the side which only saw the nominal operating temperature. The method employed involved the prediction of the increase in temperature with increasing sediment deposition during the operating life times using an FEM model. In addition the predicted temperatures are used to derive appropriate creep properties at relevant temperatures in a 3D pipe FEM creep analysis to predict the pipe deformation rate. All compare well with the actual service exposed pipe measurements and layer deposition. The overheated side revealed a small loss of creep strength in a stress rupture test. A layer of sediment (appr. 10 mm thickness) consisting basically of sintered carbon (coke) spread over the inside of the tube was acting as a thermal barrier causing the temperature to rise above 650 Cº. Analysis for the overheated side predicted an upper bound temperature of 800 Cº and a life of about 50 h suggesting that failure by creep rupture could occur rapidly in the sediment region.
Study on Flame Retardancy, Mechanical, and Thermal Property on Epoxy Based Al...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the effects of adding silica aerogel and aluminium hydroxide to epoxy resin composites. Various tests were conducted to evaluate the flame retardancy, mechanical, and thermal properties of the composites. Limiting oxygen index, horizontal burning, and vertical burning tests showed that adding silica aerogel improved the flame retardancy of the epoxy resin composites. Mechanical tests found that silica aerogel improved the tensile strength, stiffness, and compressive strength compared to aluminium hydroxide composites. Thermal conductivity was also evaluated and showed silica aerogel reduced the conductivity of the composites. The document describes the materials, specimen preparation methods, and testing
human recourse information system; public sector; performance; satisfaction o...IJERA Editor
Electric Water Heaters are widely used all over the world that can be categorized in two types i.e. Instant Water Heaters & Storage type Water Heaters. The energy consumption for 6 liter water heaters is much higher in the storage type of water heater. As energy is an important factor for economic development of country, therefore there is need to save the energy which implies the focus to use Storage type Water Heaters. In 6 Liter water heater, Existing model converting from 4 star rating to 5 star rating by thermal analysis & insulation. After the theoretical calculation of thickness of glass wool is the practical testing of product with BEE norms & got results for 5 Star Calculation. Finally we are doing the thermal analysis for theoretical & practical verification of the product
IRJET- Ultra Light Weight Concrete – A New Boon to the Field of Construction:...IRJET Journal
This document reviews ultra-lightweight concrete, which can provide both high load bearing capacity and good thermal insulation. It has a dry density of 600-700 kg/m3, compressive strength of 10-20 N/mm2, and thermal conductivity of around 0.12 W/(mk). The document examines the mix design, properties, thermal performance, and applications of ultra-lightweight concrete. It finds that ultra-lightweight concrete walls can control indoor temperatures effectively in both summer and winter by reducing temperature fluctuations of up to 35°C on exterior surfaces.
The effect of ethanol extract of leaves of Conyza Dicorides plant on the corrosion inhibition
of mild steel in 1M HCl solution was investigated by weight loss and electrochemical polarization
techniques at temperature range (25–65 ̊C). The Results obtained showed that the percentage
inhibition efficiency increases with the increasing of inhibitor concentration and decreases with the
increasing of temperature. At a concentration of 2 g/L, the percentage inhibition efficiency reached
about (94.87%) at 25 ̊C. The thermodynamic activation functions of dissolution process and
adsorption parameters were calculated and discussed. Adsorption of the additive was found to follow
the Langmuir adsorption isotherm.
Investigation of the mechanical, corrosion properties and wear behaviour of e...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Effect of AL2O3 Nanoparticles on the Rheological Properties of Water Based MudEditor IJCATR
This research work investigates into the performance of Aluminium Oxide nanoparticles in water based bentonite drilling
fluid at high temperature formations. We looked into the thermal stability effect of the Aluminium oxide nanoparticles on the drilling
fluid at varying temperature conditions. We analyzed the interactive effects of temperature, the Aluminium Oxide nanoparticles and
shear rates on the shear stress of the drilling fluid. Optimization of these parameters at the high and low point of the shear stress of the
drilling fluid was analyzed. We also developed a predictive expression for Shear stress as a response variable for changes in
temperature, Aluminium Oxide nanoparticle and shear rate.
IRJET- Experimental Analysis of Circular Perforated Fin Arrays by Forced Conv...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental analysis of heat transfer from circular perforated fin arrays under forced convection using a wind tunnel. Trapezoidal microfin arrays with circular perforations were selected and designed using Taguchi Method. Experiments were conducted in a wind tunnel on three test specimens - a solid rectangular fin array and two trapezoidal perforated fin arrays with different perforation pitches. The perforated fin arrays showed higher overall efficiency and effectiveness compared to the solid fin array. Maximum overall efficiency was obtained for the array with 5mm perforation pitch at an air velocity of 2m/s and heat input of 150W. Optimum effectiveness was obtained for the array with 7mm pitch at 2m/s and 120W input
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
A Review on Coating of Titanium Alloy on Mild Steel using Thermal Spray Techn...IRJET Journal
This document reviews coating titanium alloy on mild steel using thermal spray techniques. It discusses several thermal spray coating processes including electric arc wire spraying, cold spraying, flame spraying, and high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) spraying. HVOF spraying is identified as particularly suitable for producing dense, adherent coatings with few oxides due to the high particle velocity and relatively cold flame compared to other thermal spray techniques. The document provides details on the operating principles and benefits of each thermal spray coating process.
This document provides information on various testing equipment manufactured by FEC, an ISO 9001 certified company. It describes humidity chambers, smoke visibility testers, abrasion testers, oxygen index testers, specific gravity balances, tensile testing machines, muffle furnaces, hot air ovens, aging ovens, deep freezers, flammability test chambers, melt flow indexers, dumbbell die cutters, impact testers, and lists various industries and standards that the equipment can be used for. Contact information is provided at the end.
Experimental investigation of flow condensation in 'v' shaped minichanneleSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IRJET- Development of a New Solid Insulation paper with the use of Phenol For...IRJET Journal
This document describes research on developing a new solid insulation paper for oil-immersed transformers using phenol formaldehyde resin. Samples of kraft paper were prepared with one-side layering and double-side layering of phenol formaldehyde resin. Testing showed the electric strength of the paper improved in oil, with the double-sided sample performing best with a dielectric strength of 70.3 kV/mm in oil. The research demonstrated layering phenol formaldehyde resin on kraft paper enhances the insulation properties of the paper, particularly for use in oil-immersed transformers.
Effect of configuration on lateral displacement and cost of the structure for...eSAT Journals
Abstract
The choice of a cost effective lateral-force-resisting system for high-rise structures is challenging. There is no streamlined methodology to quantitatively compare the cost-effectiveness of each system beyond the more qualitative perception based evaluation of advantages or disadvantages. Developers currently base their decisions on architectural layout and structural integrity. Cost considerations are often primarily based on experience.
This decision making process has three primary shortfalls.
1) It may not incorporate factors which greatly affect the economy of a particular framing system.
2) It may not allow engineers to carryout designs at the least cost.
3) Comparison of framing systems may not address the specific building types.
This investigation proposes a prototype cost-effective model for selecting either a skeleton framing system or skeleton frame with bracing system for steel structural frames. A model for selecting cost-effective skeleton framing system or skeleton frame with bracing system will be a valuable tool for all decision makers. Engineers, in particular, will be able to select optimal steel framing faster, thus reducing design time and iterations. Furthermore, selection of economic framing system will also result in direct cost savings for steel structural frames.
The study involves the design and cost estimation of steel frames representing skeleton framing system and skeleton frame with bracingsystem. The cost effectiveness of the framing systems are compared based on lateral displacement requirements and cost.The preferred framing system should meet lateral displacement requirements and is lower in cost. The results of this pilot study showed that the Skelton framing system with bracing is the cost-effective choice for 30storeys steel space frames at wind speeds of 55m/sec, 50m/sec and 47m/sec.
Keywords: Bracings, SFS (Skeleton framing system), SFWB (Skeleton frame with bracing system) etc…
Thermal performance & fire resistance of autoclaved aerated concrete expo...eSAT Journals
Abstract Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC) is also being produced for many years, there are still some points that need to be clarified. One of these points needs to know is humidity intrusion effects on AAC members in areas with high relative humidity levels of Mediterranean climates which are important in durability and insulation properties of AAC. Therefore, some tests on mechanical and physical properties of ACC concrete carried out. These include thermal insulation and fire resistance tests under different level of humidity ACC blocks. According to the test results; increasing in humidity condition inside the chamber during heating procedure under steady state condition, caused increasing in average temperature change on outside surface of AAC wall. AAC losses its mass and mechanical properties subjected to the high elevated temperature above 500°C. Keywords: Thermal performance, AAC, fire resistance test, humidity
Thermal performance & fire resistance of autoclaved aerated concrete exposed ...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
The document presents a project on the production of L-phenylacetylcarbinol (L-PAC) through fermentation. It includes a literature review on the fermentation process and usage of L-PAC. An economy analysis of the global demand and supply of L-PAC from 2006-2013 is presented. The process description includes fermentation in a bioreactor, centrifugation, precipitation, filtration and drying. Mass and energy balances are calculated for the bioreactor and distillation column. The pressure vessel designs for the bioreactor and distillation column are discussed. Heat exchanger designs and heat integration are analyzed. Control loops for bioreactor level, feed rate and antifoam are proposed. Wastew
Effect of chromium powder mixed dielectric on performance characteristic of a...eSAT Journals
Abstract
In this paper, the effect of chromium powder mixed dielectric fluid on machining characteristics of AISI D2 die steel has been studied. Peak current, pulse on time, pulse off time, concentration of powder are the process parameters. The process performance is measured in terms of material removal rate (MRR), tool wear rate (TWR) and surface roughness (SR). The research outcome will identify the important process parameters that maximize MRR, minimize TWR and SR. The design of experiment has been undertaken using Taguchi method. ANOVA analysis has been used to investigate the percentage contribution of each process parameter for optimizing the performance. The study indicates that all the selected parameters except pulse off time have a significant effect on MRR. Current is found to be the most significant factor for MRR and TWR. With increase in current, TWR increases. Also, surface roughness increases with increase in pulse off time.
Keywords: PMEDM, Material removal rate, Tool wear rate, Surface roughness, Taguchi method
Experimental investigations on the performance and emissoin characteristicsIAEME Publication
1. The document experimentally investigates the performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine with mullite ceramic coating.
2. Testing found that the mullite thermal barrier coating improved the engine's brake thermal efficiency by up to 5.78% and reduced specific fuel consumption by 5.46% compared to the uncoated engine. Emissions such as smoke and CO were also reduced.
3. The mullite coating provides thermal insulation which increases in-cylinder temperatures and aids combustion, improving performance and reducing some emissions while increasing NOx emissions by around 4%. The coating demonstrates potential as an alternative to conventional yttria stabilized zirconia thermal barrier coatings.
ethanol production from crude glycerol Sonia Patel
1) The document presents a feasibility study for the production of bioethanol from glycerol using Enterobacter aerogenes TISTR1468. It discusses the process selection, raw materials, design constraints, and site location analysis.
2) A continuous process is proposed using two main fermenters in series. Mass and energy balance calculations show the process can produce 15,000 tonnes of ethanol per year.
3) Downstream separation will involve disc stack centrifugation, distillation, and molecular sieves to obtain concentrated ethanol and separate water and glycerol byproducts.
Vacuum Arc Remelting (VAR) Furnaces are not only strategic but also back-bone of the Midhani. Currently Mishani has 2 VARs, which are installed for serving different purposes. This technical presentation shows in very simple, how the VAR furnaces work and what are the differences among both of the VARs. Anyone with non-technical background and easily understand the complex concept of Vacuum Arc Remelting.
This presentation reviews polymer heat exchangers for thermal systems. Currently, heat exchangers rely on metals but polymers offer lower costs and weight. The presentation discusses challenges of polymers' lower thermal conductivity and strength compared to metals. It also outlines properties of common polymers and how new designs address challenges through thin materials and turbulent flow. Various polymer applications are reviewed, including liquid-to-liquid, gas-to-gas, and cryogenic heat exchangers. In conclusion, with advances in materials and design, polymers show promise for lower-cost, lighter heat exchangers.
IRJET- Experimental Analysis on Performance of Closed Loop Pulsating Heat Pip...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes the performance of a closed loop pulsating heat pipe (CLPHP) using aluminum oxide nanofluid (Al2O3/water) as the working fluid. An experimental setup is described that includes a CLPHP with evaporator, adiabatic, and condenser sections. Nanofluids with 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1% Al2O3 nanoparticle concentrations by weight were tested, along with pure water. Testing was conducted by varying the heat input and measuring temperatures. Results showed that thermal resistance decreased with increasing heat load and nanofluid concentration, indicating nanofluids improved heat transfer performance over pure water. The 1% nanofluid provided the lowest thermal resistance
1) The document presents a CFD analysis comparing the heat transfer performance of rectangular fins versus louvered fins in an aluminum radiator.
2) The results show that the louvered fin design achieved a 49% higher heat transfer rate and significantly higher fluid velocities compared to the rectangular fin design.
3) Key factors in the improved performance of the louvered fins are the fin geometry and increased turbulence that enhances heat transfer between the coolant and fins.
IRJET- Ultra Light Weight Concrete – A New Boon to the Field of Construction:...IRJET Journal
This document reviews ultra-lightweight concrete, which can provide both high load bearing capacity and good thermal insulation. It has a dry density of 600-700 kg/m3, compressive strength of 10-20 N/mm2, and thermal conductivity of around 0.12 W/(mk). The document examines the mix design, properties, thermal performance, and applications of ultra-lightweight concrete. It finds that ultra-lightweight concrete walls can control indoor temperatures effectively in both summer and winter by reducing temperature fluctuations of up to 35°C on exterior surfaces.
The effect of ethanol extract of leaves of Conyza Dicorides plant on the corrosion inhibition
of mild steel in 1M HCl solution was investigated by weight loss and electrochemical polarization
techniques at temperature range (25–65 ̊C). The Results obtained showed that the percentage
inhibition efficiency increases with the increasing of inhibitor concentration and decreases with the
increasing of temperature. At a concentration of 2 g/L, the percentage inhibition efficiency reached
about (94.87%) at 25 ̊C. The thermodynamic activation functions of dissolution process and
adsorption parameters were calculated and discussed. Adsorption of the additive was found to follow
the Langmuir adsorption isotherm.
Investigation of the mechanical, corrosion properties and wear behaviour of e...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Effect of AL2O3 Nanoparticles on the Rheological Properties of Water Based MudEditor IJCATR
This research work investigates into the performance of Aluminium Oxide nanoparticles in water based bentonite drilling
fluid at high temperature formations. We looked into the thermal stability effect of the Aluminium oxide nanoparticles on the drilling
fluid at varying temperature conditions. We analyzed the interactive effects of temperature, the Aluminium Oxide nanoparticles and
shear rates on the shear stress of the drilling fluid. Optimization of these parameters at the high and low point of the shear stress of the
drilling fluid was analyzed. We also developed a predictive expression for Shear stress as a response variable for changes in
temperature, Aluminium Oxide nanoparticle and shear rate.
IRJET- Experimental Analysis of Circular Perforated Fin Arrays by Forced Conv...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental analysis of heat transfer from circular perforated fin arrays under forced convection using a wind tunnel. Trapezoidal microfin arrays with circular perforations were selected and designed using Taguchi Method. Experiments were conducted in a wind tunnel on three test specimens - a solid rectangular fin array and two trapezoidal perforated fin arrays with different perforation pitches. The perforated fin arrays showed higher overall efficiency and effectiveness compared to the solid fin array. Maximum overall efficiency was obtained for the array with 5mm perforation pitch at an air velocity of 2m/s and heat input of 150W. Optimum effectiveness was obtained for the array with 7mm pitch at 2m/s and 120W input
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
A Review on Coating of Titanium Alloy on Mild Steel using Thermal Spray Techn...IRJET Journal
This document reviews coating titanium alloy on mild steel using thermal spray techniques. It discusses several thermal spray coating processes including electric arc wire spraying, cold spraying, flame spraying, and high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) spraying. HVOF spraying is identified as particularly suitable for producing dense, adherent coatings with few oxides due to the high particle velocity and relatively cold flame compared to other thermal spray techniques. The document provides details on the operating principles and benefits of each thermal spray coating process.
This document provides information on various testing equipment manufactured by FEC, an ISO 9001 certified company. It describes humidity chambers, smoke visibility testers, abrasion testers, oxygen index testers, specific gravity balances, tensile testing machines, muffle furnaces, hot air ovens, aging ovens, deep freezers, flammability test chambers, melt flow indexers, dumbbell die cutters, impact testers, and lists various industries and standards that the equipment can be used for. Contact information is provided at the end.
Experimental investigation of flow condensation in 'v' shaped minichanneleSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IRJET- Development of a New Solid Insulation paper with the use of Phenol For...IRJET Journal
This document describes research on developing a new solid insulation paper for oil-immersed transformers using phenol formaldehyde resin. Samples of kraft paper were prepared with one-side layering and double-side layering of phenol formaldehyde resin. Testing showed the electric strength of the paper improved in oil, with the double-sided sample performing best with a dielectric strength of 70.3 kV/mm in oil. The research demonstrated layering phenol formaldehyde resin on kraft paper enhances the insulation properties of the paper, particularly for use in oil-immersed transformers.
Effect of configuration on lateral displacement and cost of the structure for...eSAT Journals
Abstract
The choice of a cost effective lateral-force-resisting system for high-rise structures is challenging. There is no streamlined methodology to quantitatively compare the cost-effectiveness of each system beyond the more qualitative perception based evaluation of advantages or disadvantages. Developers currently base their decisions on architectural layout and structural integrity. Cost considerations are often primarily based on experience.
This decision making process has three primary shortfalls.
1) It may not incorporate factors which greatly affect the economy of a particular framing system.
2) It may not allow engineers to carryout designs at the least cost.
3) Comparison of framing systems may not address the specific building types.
This investigation proposes a prototype cost-effective model for selecting either a skeleton framing system or skeleton frame with bracing system for steel structural frames. A model for selecting cost-effective skeleton framing system or skeleton frame with bracing system will be a valuable tool for all decision makers. Engineers, in particular, will be able to select optimal steel framing faster, thus reducing design time and iterations. Furthermore, selection of economic framing system will also result in direct cost savings for steel structural frames.
The study involves the design and cost estimation of steel frames representing skeleton framing system and skeleton frame with bracingsystem. The cost effectiveness of the framing systems are compared based on lateral displacement requirements and cost.The preferred framing system should meet lateral displacement requirements and is lower in cost. The results of this pilot study showed that the Skelton framing system with bracing is the cost-effective choice for 30storeys steel space frames at wind speeds of 55m/sec, 50m/sec and 47m/sec.
Keywords: Bracings, SFS (Skeleton framing system), SFWB (Skeleton frame with bracing system) etc…
Thermal performance & fire resistance of autoclaved aerated concrete expo...eSAT Journals
Abstract Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC) is also being produced for many years, there are still some points that need to be clarified. One of these points needs to know is humidity intrusion effects on AAC members in areas with high relative humidity levels of Mediterranean climates which are important in durability and insulation properties of AAC. Therefore, some tests on mechanical and physical properties of ACC concrete carried out. These include thermal insulation and fire resistance tests under different level of humidity ACC blocks. According to the test results; increasing in humidity condition inside the chamber during heating procedure under steady state condition, caused increasing in average temperature change on outside surface of AAC wall. AAC losses its mass and mechanical properties subjected to the high elevated temperature above 500°C. Keywords: Thermal performance, AAC, fire resistance test, humidity
Thermal performance & fire resistance of autoclaved aerated concrete exposed ...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
The document presents a project on the production of L-phenylacetylcarbinol (L-PAC) through fermentation. It includes a literature review on the fermentation process and usage of L-PAC. An economy analysis of the global demand and supply of L-PAC from 2006-2013 is presented. The process description includes fermentation in a bioreactor, centrifugation, precipitation, filtration and drying. Mass and energy balances are calculated for the bioreactor and distillation column. The pressure vessel designs for the bioreactor and distillation column are discussed. Heat exchanger designs and heat integration are analyzed. Control loops for bioreactor level, feed rate and antifoam are proposed. Wastew
Effect of chromium powder mixed dielectric on performance characteristic of a...eSAT Journals
Abstract
In this paper, the effect of chromium powder mixed dielectric fluid on machining characteristics of AISI D2 die steel has been studied. Peak current, pulse on time, pulse off time, concentration of powder are the process parameters. The process performance is measured in terms of material removal rate (MRR), tool wear rate (TWR) and surface roughness (SR). The research outcome will identify the important process parameters that maximize MRR, minimize TWR and SR. The design of experiment has been undertaken using Taguchi method. ANOVA analysis has been used to investigate the percentage contribution of each process parameter for optimizing the performance. The study indicates that all the selected parameters except pulse off time have a significant effect on MRR. Current is found to be the most significant factor for MRR and TWR. With increase in current, TWR increases. Also, surface roughness increases with increase in pulse off time.
Keywords: PMEDM, Material removal rate, Tool wear rate, Surface roughness, Taguchi method
Experimental investigations on the performance and emissoin characteristicsIAEME Publication
1. The document experimentally investigates the performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine with mullite ceramic coating.
2. Testing found that the mullite thermal barrier coating improved the engine's brake thermal efficiency by up to 5.78% and reduced specific fuel consumption by 5.46% compared to the uncoated engine. Emissions such as smoke and CO were also reduced.
3. The mullite coating provides thermal insulation which increases in-cylinder temperatures and aids combustion, improving performance and reducing some emissions while increasing NOx emissions by around 4%. The coating demonstrates potential as an alternative to conventional yttria stabilized zirconia thermal barrier coatings.
ethanol production from crude glycerol Sonia Patel
1) The document presents a feasibility study for the production of bioethanol from glycerol using Enterobacter aerogenes TISTR1468. It discusses the process selection, raw materials, design constraints, and site location analysis.
2) A continuous process is proposed using two main fermenters in series. Mass and energy balance calculations show the process can produce 15,000 tonnes of ethanol per year.
3) Downstream separation will involve disc stack centrifugation, distillation, and molecular sieves to obtain concentrated ethanol and separate water and glycerol byproducts.
Vacuum Arc Remelting (VAR) Furnaces are not only strategic but also back-bone of the Midhani. Currently Mishani has 2 VARs, which are installed for serving different purposes. This technical presentation shows in very simple, how the VAR furnaces work and what are the differences among both of the VARs. Anyone with non-technical background and easily understand the complex concept of Vacuum Arc Remelting.
This presentation reviews polymer heat exchangers for thermal systems. Currently, heat exchangers rely on metals but polymers offer lower costs and weight. The presentation discusses challenges of polymers' lower thermal conductivity and strength compared to metals. It also outlines properties of common polymers and how new designs address challenges through thin materials and turbulent flow. Various polymer applications are reviewed, including liquid-to-liquid, gas-to-gas, and cryogenic heat exchangers. In conclusion, with advances in materials and design, polymers show promise for lower-cost, lighter heat exchangers.
IRJET- Experimental Analysis on Performance of Closed Loop Pulsating Heat Pip...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes the performance of a closed loop pulsating heat pipe (CLPHP) using aluminum oxide nanofluid (Al2O3/water) as the working fluid. An experimental setup is described that includes a CLPHP with evaporator, adiabatic, and condenser sections. Nanofluids with 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1% Al2O3 nanoparticle concentrations by weight were tested, along with pure water. Testing was conducted by varying the heat input and measuring temperatures. Results showed that thermal resistance decreased with increasing heat load and nanofluid concentration, indicating nanofluids improved heat transfer performance over pure water. The 1% nanofluid provided the lowest thermal resistance
1) The document presents a CFD analysis comparing the heat transfer performance of rectangular fins versus louvered fins in an aluminum radiator.
2) The results show that the louvered fin design achieved a 49% higher heat transfer rate and significantly higher fluid velocities compared to the rectangular fin design.
3) Key factors in the improved performance of the louvered fins are the fin geometry and increased turbulence that enhances heat transfer between the coolant and fins.
IRJET- Enhancement of Thermal Properties of Dielectric by Adding NanoparticleIRJET Journal
This document discusses enhancing the thermal properties of dielectric fluids used in electric discharge machining (EDM) by adding copper nanoparticles. Experiments were conducted adding copper nanoparticles to the dielectric fluid in EDM to investigate the impact on material removal rate, surface roughness, and thermal conductivity. It was found that adding nanoparticles increased the thermal conductivity of the dielectric fluid, which led to increases in material removal rate of 18-36% compared to conventional EDM without nanoparticles. The document provides background on EDM processes, nanoparticle production methods, and thermal conductivity of dielectric fluids.
Critical heat flux enhancement in pool boiling with al2 o3 water nanofluideSAT Journals
Abstract Boiling is an important phase change phenomena as it plays a crucial role in the design of high heat flux system like boilers, heat exchangers, microscopic heat transfer devices. However boiling phenomenon is limited by critical heat flux. At critical heat flux material of heated surface suffers physical damage due to lower heat transfer resulting from thin film formed over the surface. Now a days Nanofluid which is colloidal suspension of nanoparticle in base fluid is highlighted as innovative techniques to enhance critical heat flux. In the present study Al2O3 nanoparticles were characterized by using SEM and XRD analysis. From SEM images it was seen that nanoparticle has spherical morphology, and from XRD analysis average nanoparticle size determined was 29.48 nm. Five different nanofluids of concentration range from 3 gram/liter to 15 gram/liter were prepared. Critical heat flux (CHF) of each Al2O3-water nanofluid in pool boiling is determined on NiCr wire of SWG 28. The minimum critical heat flux enhancement is 30.53% at 3 gram/liter nanofluid compared to critical heat flux of distilled water. The highest critical heat flux enhancement is 72.70 % at 12 gram/liter nanofluid. Critical heat flux of nanofluid increases with increase in concentration of Al2O3 nanoparticle in distilled water up to 12 gram/liter nanofluid. Surface roughness of bare wire was 0.126 μm. Surface roughness of wire sample used in pool boiling of 3 gram/liter nanofluid is 0.299μm and highest surface roughness was 0.715 μm of heater used in pool boiling of 12 gram/liter nanofluid. The Surface roughness measurement results show the evidence of nanoparticle deposition on wire surface and its effect on Critical Heat Flux enhancement. Keywords: Critical heat flux, Nanoparticle, Nanofluid, Concentration, Surface roughness.
IRJET- Effect of Nano Fluid in Multi-Cylinder Four Stroke Petrol Engine: ...IRJET Journal
This document reviews research on using nanofluids in automotive cooling systems. Nanofluids are fluids containing nanometer-sized particles that can enhance heat transfer properties compared to conventional fluids like water. The review finds that nanofluids made of particles like aluminum oxide, copper oxide, and titanium dioxide suspended in water can increase the thermal conductivity and cooling efficiency of engine radiators. Experimental studies show heat transfer improvement of up to 39% and negligible pressure drop increase when using nanofluids in radiators and heat exchangers. Overall, the literature indicates nanofluids have potential to improve cooling system performance and engine efficiency.
IRJET - Experimental Analysis of Heat Pipe using for Ammonia, Acetone & Ethan...IRJET Journal
This document describes an experimental analysis of heat pipes using ammonia, acetone, and ethanol as working fluids. Copper and aluminum were used as heat pipe materials, both with and without a screen mesh wick. The experiment aims to determine the best combination of heat pipe material and working fluid by measuring the temperature differences between the evaporator and condenser sections. Key findings include the thermal properties and considerations for selecting working fluids and heat pipe materials. The experimental setup involves measuring the temperature changes from a heat source tank to a heat sink tank to analyze the evaporation and condensation processes within the heat pipe. The goal is to identify the combination that most efficiently transfers heat with minimal temperature difference.
IRJET- Experimental Analysis on Power Generation Unit using R134a Powered...IRJET Journal
This document describes an experimental analysis of a power generation unit that uses solar energy concentrated by a Fresnel lens to power an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) and generate electricity. R134a refrigerant is used as the working fluid. Key points:
- A Fresnel lens concentrates solar energy to heat a copper tube, vaporizing the R134a working fluid.
- The vapor drives a turbine that powers a generator. Lower boiling point fluids like R134a allow utilization of lower solar temperatures compared to water.
- Calculations are shown for system parameters like heat transfer rate, pressure drop, turbine power output, and thermal efficiency based on the ORC using R134a.
IRJET- Analysis of Solar Water Heating SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that used computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software to analyze the thermal performance of flat plate solar water collectors with internal fins on riser pipes compared to collectors without fins. The CFD model simulated collectors from 10am to 3:30pm over half hour intervals at flow rates of 0.4, 0.5, and 0.6 kg/min. Results showed collectors with fins had higher heat transfer and 10-15% greater efficiency than plain tubes, with maximum efficiency at 0.4 kg/min flow rate. Experimental data validated the CFD results, showing temperature increases of 6-9°C for experiments and 7-11°C for CFD with fins, along with 9-
IRJET- Experimental Analysis to Investigate the Thermal Performance of differ...IRJET Journal
The document presents an experimental analysis of the thermal performance of different fin geometries. Rectangular, circular, and trapezoidal aluminum fins were experimentally tested under steady-state conditions. Thermocouples were used to measure the temperature at different points on the fins heated by a 200-watt light bulb. The results showed that triangular fins had the most uniform temperature distribution and highest heat transfer rate, making them the most efficient geometry tested. The study provides conclusions on the thermal performance of different fin geometries and suggests areas for further optimization and applications of fin geometry research.
IRJET Synthesis and Characterization of Aluminum Oxide (Al2O3) Nanopartic...IRJET Journal
1) Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) nanoparticles were successfully synthesized using a simple combustion method involving aluminum chloride, urea, and water.
2) The nanoparticles were characterized using SEM and EDAX, which showed an average particle size of 10 nm and confirmed the major components as aluminum and oxygen.
3) The Al2O3 nanoparticles were then used in minimum quantity lubrication turning of EN8 steel to study their effect on surface roughness. Experiments were conducted at different cutting speeds, feed rates, and depths of cut based on a Taguchi design of experiments.
Suspended nanoparticles in conventional fluids,
called nanofluids, have been the subject of intensive study
worldwide since pioneering researchers recently discovered the
anomalous thermal behavior of these fluids. The heat transfer from
smaller area is achieved through microchannels. The heat transfer
principle states that maximum heat transfer is achieved in
microchannels with maximum pressure drop across it. In this
research work the experimental and numerical investigation for
the improved heat transfer characteristics of serpentine shaped
microchannel heat sink using Al2O3/water nanofluid is done. The
fluid flow characteristics is also analyzed for the serpentine
shaped micrchannel. The experimental results of the heat
transfer using Al2O3 nanofluid is compared with the numerical
values. The calculations in this work suggest that the best heat
transfer enhancement can be obtained by using a system with an
Al2O3–water nanofluid-cooled micro channel with serpentine
shaped fluid flow
Experimental Study of Heat Transfer Enhancement in Triple Tube Heat Exchanger...IRJET Journal
The document describes an experimental study of heat transfer enhancement in a triple tube heat exchanger using CuO and Al2O3 nanofluids. A triple tube heat exchanger was tested with hot water flowing through the intermediate tube and cold water flowing through the inner and outer tubes. Nanofluids of CuO and Al2O3 with a 0.033% volumetric concentration were used. The heat transfer rate and effectiveness of the triple tube heat exchanger were evaluated experimentally for different flow rates of the hot fluid, with the cold fluid flow rate held constant. The results showed that use of nanofluids increased the heat transfer rate and effectiveness compared to using plain water as the working fluid.
This document describes the design and fabrication of a mini air cooler. The authors modified an ordinary table fan by adding a copper tube with fins and a cooling chamber. Cold water is circulated through the copper tube using an aquarium pump to reduce the heat in the surrounding environment. The table fan blows air over the copper tube and fins, which increases the cooling effect. The device aims to provide air cooling without high power consumption, benefiting areas with limited access to electricity. It was found to decrease air temperature by 8-10°C through this simple, low-cost modification of a standard table fan.
Design and CFD Analysis of Car Radiator by Using AnsysIRJET Journal
This document presents a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of an automobile radiator using Ansys software. The study analyzed the heat transfer performance of a spline fin radiator using different concentrations of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) nanofluids as coolants, compared to using standard water coolant. The CFD model considered the thermophysical properties of the nanofluids and simulated fluid flow and heat transfer through the radiator. The results showed that increasing the nanoparticle concentration improved heat transfer by increasing fluid velocity and lowering the outlet temperature. A 1% concentration of Al2O3 nanofluid reduced the outlet temperature the most, from 130°C to 80°C, providing the optimum heat transfer performance for the radi
Design and demonstration of heat pipe based waste heat recovery systemIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and demonstration of a heat pipe-based waste heat recovery system. Key points:
- Heat pipes allow for highly efficient heat transfer over long distances with minimal temperature loss through the evaporation and condensation of a working fluid inside a sealed pipe.
- The authors designed and built a heat recovery system using 10 copper heat pipes fitted with aluminum fins to transfer heat from a hot air source to a cooler air sink.
- Testing showed the heat pipes could transfer heat with a temperature difference of only 2-3°C over a length of 150mm, much better than a comparable copper pipe.
- The heat recovery system achieved efficiencies up to 62% at recovering heat from a
Ridding of Pollution From Plastic by Turning it into Valuable Fuel using Wire...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a process for converting waste plastics into liquid fuel using pyrolysis and sensor technology. Temperature and pressure sensors monitor the pyrolysis process, which involves heating plastics in the absence of oxygen to produce combustible gases and liquid fuel. Plastics are first separated by resin type using various sorting methods. The pyrolysis reactor is heated to 310-540 degrees Celsius using electrical coils while sensors ensure accurate temperature and pressure control. This process provides a way to reduce plastic pollution while producing a valuable fuel and addressing India's need to import less petroleum.
This document summarizes a research project that developed a low-cost evaporative cooler unit suitable for industrial environments in Sri Lanka. The unit uses both direct evaporative cooling and solid desiccant dehumidification to control temperature and humidity. Testing showed the unit was able to provide sufficient thermal comfort while only slightly changing relative humidity. Some design improvements were identified, such as using a larger evaporation chamber and improving airflow separation, but overall the evaporative cooling technology proved applicable to Sri Lanka's climate.
IRJET- Enhancement of Heat Transfer in Solar Evacuated Water Heater using...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on enhancing heat transfer in solar evacuated tube water heaters using aluminum oxide (Al2O3) nanofluid. Key points:
- Al2O3 nanofluid was prepared using a two-step method and tested at 0.4% volume concentration to determine its thermal properties.
- An experimental setup was designed using a jacketed heat exchanger tank to allow hard water and distilled water to exchange heat without direct contact.
- Testing of the Al2O3 nanofluid and experimental setup aims to quantify the potential increase in efficiency of solar water heating systems using nanofluids.
Computational Analysis of CuO Nano Coolant in a Car RadiatorIOSRJMCE
Nanofluids are basically nanoparticles in base fluids. Nanofluids have unique features different from conventional solid-liquid mixtures in which nano sized particles of metals and nonmetals are dispersed. Due to improvement of mechanical properties, nanofluids are widely used in heat transfer industries. The coolant is used water-based, with the addition of glycols to prevent freezing and other additives to limit corrosion, erosion and cavitations. In this study 50-50 mixture of Ethylene Glycol with water (EGW) is tested and compared with another mixture by adding 2 percent Copper oxide (CuO). The geometric model of radiator is uploaded in Autodesk CFD software for its computational analysis. It is analyzed up to 100 iterations. Both the results are compared to find the improved heat transfer rate due to the addition of 2% CuO with Ethylene Glycol and water
PERFORMANCE STUDY OF A PSEUDO SINGLE ROW RADIATOR OPERATED WITH DIFFERENT NAN...IAEME Publication
The document describes a study that analyzed the performance of a pseudo-single row radiator operated with different nanofluids. A pseudo-single row radiator design was created using 3D modeling software to address limitations in standard multi-row radiator designs by increasing surface area and heat conduction. Computational fluid dynamics was used to analyze the radiator's performance with four nanofluids - aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide, copper oxide, and ethylene glycol - at three volume fractions. The results showed that copper oxide nanofluid provided the best performance compared to the other nanofluids.
Similar to Experimental Study of Heat Transfer Characteristics by Cooling Heat Pipe using Al2O3-Water Nanofluid (20)
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING TECHNIQUE FOR COMMUNICATION SYSTEMHODECEDSIET
Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) is a method of transmitting multiple signals over a single communication channel by dividing the signal into many segments, each having a very short duration of time. These time slots are then allocated to different data streams, allowing multiple signals to share the same transmission medium efficiently. TDM is widely used in telecommunications and data communication systems.
### How TDM Works
1. **Time Slots Allocation**: The core principle of TDM is to assign distinct time slots to each signal. During each time slot, the respective signal is transmitted, and then the process repeats cyclically. For example, if there are four signals to be transmitted, the TDM cycle will divide time into four slots, each assigned to one signal.
2. **Synchronization**: Synchronization is crucial in TDM systems to ensure that the signals are correctly aligned with their respective time slots. Both the transmitter and receiver must be synchronized to avoid any overlap or loss of data. This synchronization is typically maintained by a clock signal that ensures time slots are accurately aligned.
3. **Frame Structure**: TDM data is organized into frames, where each frame consists of a set of time slots. Each frame is repeated at regular intervals, ensuring continuous transmission of data streams. The frame structure helps in managing the data streams and maintaining the synchronization between the transmitter and receiver.
4. **Multiplexer and Demultiplexer**: At the transmitting end, a multiplexer combines multiple input signals into a single composite signal by assigning each signal to a specific time slot. At the receiving end, a demultiplexer separates the composite signal back into individual signals based on their respective time slots.
### Types of TDM
1. **Synchronous TDM**: In synchronous TDM, time slots are pre-assigned to each signal, regardless of whether the signal has data to transmit or not. This can lead to inefficiencies if some time slots remain empty due to the absence of data.
2. **Asynchronous TDM (or Statistical TDM)**: Asynchronous TDM addresses the inefficiencies of synchronous TDM by allocating time slots dynamically based on the presence of data. Time slots are assigned only when there is data to transmit, which optimizes the use of the communication channel.
### Applications of TDM
- **Telecommunications**: TDM is extensively used in telecommunication systems, such as in T1 and E1 lines, where multiple telephone calls are transmitted over a single line by assigning each call to a specific time slot.
- **Digital Audio and Video Broadcasting**: TDM is used in broadcasting systems to transmit multiple audio or video streams over a single channel, ensuring efficient use of bandwidth.
- **Computer Networks**: TDM is used in network protocols and systems to manage the transmission of data from multiple sources over a single network medium.
### Advantages of TDM
- **Efficient Use of Bandwidth**: TDM all
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMSIJNSA Journal
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...gerogepatton
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Applications (NLAIM 2024) offers a premier global platform for exchanging insights and findings in the theory, methodology, and applications of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their applications. The conference seeks substantial contributions across all key domains of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their practical applications, aiming to foster both theoretical advancements and real-world implementations. With a focus on facilitating collaboration between researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, the conference serves as a nexus for sharing the latest developments in the field.
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.