This document discusses exclusive gates, including exclusive OR (XOR) and exclusive NOR (XNOR) gates. It defines XOR and XNOR gates, provides their symbols, and describes their truth tables. It also shows how XOR and XNOR gates can be implemented using basic logic gates like NAND. Finally, it lists some common applications of XOR and XNOR gates such as in arithmetic operations, parity checkers, encryption, and error detection.

1. Name : Shubhajit Chatterjee
Student Code : BWU/BEC/19/028
Registration Number : 19013000936 of 2019-2020
Roll Number : 19010308024
Course Name : Digital System Design
Course code : PCC-EC302
Program : Bachelor of Technology in Electronics & Communication Engineering.
Semester : 3rd Semester
TOPIC: EXCLUSIVE GATES

2. ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION
ENGINEERING DEPARTMRNT
:: LOGIC GATES ::
 Logic gates are the basic components in digital electronics.
 Logic gates are the fundamental building blocks of all digital systems.
 These gates are used to create digital circuits right from simple to complex
logic circuit and even complex integrated circuits. Complex microprocessor
or microcontroller ICs are constructed using many logic gates.
:: BASIC LOGIC OPERATIONS ::
► Features
* Inputs :- left side
* Output :- Right side
► The true/false conditions are represented by a HIGH(true)
and LOW(false)
* HIGH = TRUE = 1
* LOW = FALSE = 0
1

3. 2
TYPES OF LOGIC GATES SYMBOLS OF LOGIC GATES
ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION
ENGINEERING DEPARTMRNT

4. 3
:: Exclusive Gates::
ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION
ENGINEERING DEPARTMRNT
 There are two types of Exclusive Gates, as:
i. Exclusive OR (EX-OR / XOR) Gates.
ii. Exclusive NOR (EX-NOR / XNOR) Gates.
 Exclusive OR (EX-OR / XOR) Gates:
 The exclusive-OR gate has a graphical symbol similar
to that of the OR gate, except for the additional curved
line on the input side.
 It can take only 2 inputs.
 We can’t construct Ex-OR Gate using three input Ex-
OR gate.
 If both inputs are Low or both are High then it produces
the output Low or 0. otherwise it produce the High.

5. 4
Fig: IC 7486
ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION
ENGINEERING DEPARTMRNT

6. 5
 Implementation of Ex-OR gate by using basic
gates only:
ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION
ENGINEERING DEPARTMRNT
 The output of XOR gate can be also written as:
 Implementation of Ex-OR gate by using NAND
gates only:

7. 6
ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION
ENGINEERING DEPARTMRNT
 Exclusive OR Gate Applications:
 Arithmetic Operations.
 Parity Checker.
 Controlled Inverter.
 Binary to Gray / Gray to Binary Conversion.
 Combinational Logic Circuit Minimization.
 Digital Comparator.
There are many applications for XOR gate such as:

8. 7
ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION
ENGINEERING DEPARTMRNT
 Exclusive NOR (EX-NOR / XNOR) Gates:
 “ XNOR ” is obtained by the combination of ‘NOT’ and ‘XOR’ gates.
 XNOR gate is a two inputs and one output XOR gate with active low output.
 The XNOR Gate circuit does the opposite to the EX-OR gate.
 An encircled dot sign( ) is used to show the EX-NOR operation.
 The output of an XNOR gate is at logic ‘1’ when the inputs are similar and at
logic ‘0’ when the inputs are dissimilar.

9. 8
ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION
ENGINEERING DEPARTMRNT
 Implementation of Ex-NOR gate by using basic
gates only:
The output of XOR gate can be also written as:
 Implementation of Ex-NOR gate by using NAND
gates only:

10. 9
ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION
ENGINEERING DEPARTMRNT
 It is used in error detecting circuits to detect odd/even parity bits in digital
transmission circuits.
 Also used in encryption and arithmetic circuits as a combination of XNOR
and XOR circuit for low power consumption
 Also used in security or quantity measuring circuits such as in heat
exchanger tank to ring the alarm when the heat or temperature goes
up/down.
 In calculators, computers and digital logic circuits.
 Exclusive NOR Gate Applications:
Some common application and uses of XNOR or Exclusive-NOR gate are as
follow:-

11. THANK YOU
ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION
ENGINEERING DEPARTMRNT