15. EVOLUTION OF ‘ G ‘
1 G 2 G 3 G 4 G
General Description
1st generation analogue system,
developed in 70’s
2nd generation phones use
Global System for Mobile
Communication (GSM, first used
in early 90’s in Europe)
3 G networks provide the ability
to transfer voice, data and non
voice data (music, emails,
instant messages) over the
same network simultaneously.
4 G is ‘MAGIC’ :
M – mobile multimedia
connection
A – Anywhere, any time with any
one
G – Global mobility support
I – Integrated wireless solutions
C – Customized personal
services
Continuous in amplitude & Time GSM provides voice & limited
data services & digital
modulation for improved audio
quality (but demand for fax,
short msg ing & data
transmission was growing
rapidly)
3 G networks deliver broadband
capacity and support greater
number of voice, data customers
of lower incremental cost than 2
G
4 G systems are characterized
by high speed data rates at 20 –
100 Mbps, suitable for high
resolution movies and television.
Variations in signal disrupts over
long distances
2 G systems include:
GSM
CDMA
D(digital)-AMPS
PDC (personal digital
communication)
Broadband capabilities:
Allows transmission of 384 Kbps
for mobile systems and 2 Mbps
for stationary users.
Circuit switching for voice &
packet switching for data
Merits of 4 G:
- Higher bandwidth enables a
range of new applications
- Lower cost than previous
generations
- Faster & more reliable
- Video streaming/ calls/chat
- TV broadcast/ news/ music
- sports enhanced games
- location services (GPS)
- Life saving (telemedicine)
16. EVOLUTION OF ‘ G ‘
1 G 2 G 3 G 4 G
Simplest type of wireless data
(Avg between 4800 bps – 9600
bps)
2 G uses these two standards:
*TDMA – (Time Division Multiple
Access)
*CDMA – (Code Division
Multiple Access)
Increased spectrum efficiency –
5 MHz
(A greater number of users that
can be simultaneously
supported by a radio frequency
bandwidth)
4 G LTE (long term evolution)
100 Mbps downlink
50 Mbps uplink
Fully IP based infrastructure
(IP multimedia system ‘IMS’ is
used to bridge the gap between
voice calls and telephony
networks
AMPS (advanced mobile phone
system) first operated on 1 G
Higher data rates at lower
incremental cost than 2 G
4 G Wimax (worldwide
interoperability for microwave
access)
128 Mbps downlink
56 Mbps uplink
Based on FDMA and allows
users to make calls
3 G uses these two standards:
*W-CDMA – (wideband Code
Division Multiple Access)
*CDMA 2000 EVDO – (To
develop a single standard
instead of different types with
less complexity & faster
transmission)
(Cont………………..)
17. EVOLUTION OF ‘ G ‘
1 G 2 G 3 G 4 G
Disadvantages / De-merits
Poor voice quality Need to improve transmission
quality
High bandwidth requirement High bandwidth requirement
Poor battery life Spotty coverage High spectrum license fees High spectrum license fees
Big phone size Unable to support complex data
such as video
Huge capital Huge capital
No security System capacity was low
Frequent call drops Tower have limited coverage
area
Limited capacity Abrupt dropped calls
Poor handoff reliability
18. EVOLUTION OF ‘ G ‘
Comparison between 3 G & 4 G
Parameters 3 G 4 G
Data thruput Upto 3.1 Mbps (speed between 0.5 – 1.5 Mbps) 2 - 12 Mbps upto 400 Mbps (speed between 100–300 Mbps)
Peak upload rate 5 Mbps 500 Mbps
Peak download rate 100 Mbps 1 Gbps
Switching Packet Packet & Messaging
Network Wide area cell based Integration of wide area & wireless LAN
Services CDMA200, UMTS, EDGE etc Wimax2 & LTE advance
FEC Turbo codes Concentrated codes
Frequency band 1.8 GHz – 2.5 GHz 2 – 8 GHz
19. EVOLUTION OF ‘ G ‘
Technology
/ Feature
1 G 2 G 3 G 4 G 5 G
Start /
Deployment
1970 / 1984 1980 / 1999 1990 / 2002 2000 / 2010 2010 / 2015
Data Bandwidth
/ Rate
2 Kbps 14.4 – 64 Kbps 2 Mbps
200 Mbps to 1
Gbps
1 Gbps & Higher
Standards
* AMPS
(Advanced Mobile
Phone System)
* 2G: TDMA,
CDMA, GSM
* 2.5G: GPRS,
EDGE, 1xRTT
* W-CDMA
(Wideband CDMA)
* CDMA-2000
* Single Unified
Standard
* Single Unified
Standard
Technology
* Analogue Cellular
Technology
* Digital Cellular
Technology
* Broadband
CDMA * IP
technology
Unified IP &
seamless
combination of
broadband
LAN/WAN
Unified IP &
seamless
combination of
broadband
LAN/WAN
Switching Circuit Circuit / Packet Packet Packet Packet
Multiplexing FDMA TDMA - CDMA CDMA CDMA CDMA
Services Mobile Telephony
Digital Voice, Short
messaging
Integrated high
quality audio, video
& data
Dynamic
information
access variable
devices
Same with all
abilities
