1. SAAD AHMED
BE (VI)

2.  Using Analog signals
 Listen to handset
 Frequency typically 150MHz & above

3.  Poor voice quality
 Poor battery life
 Large phone size
 No security
 Frequent call drops
 Limited capacity and poor handoff
reliability.

4. 2G phones using global system for mobile communications
(GSM) were first used in the early 1990 s in Europe. GSM provides
voice and limited data services and uses digital modulation for
improved audio quality. Digital AMPS , CDMA were some of the 2G
systems.
FEATURES INCLUDES:

6.  An interim stage that is taken between 2G and
3G that is 2.5G
Features includes:-
o Phone calls/ Fax
o Voice mail
o Send/Receive e-mail messages
o web browsing
o camera phones
o speed: 64-144 kb/sec
o Time to download a 3 min MP3 song: 6-9 min

7.  To meet the growing demand in network capacity, rates required
for high speed data transfer and multimedia applications , 3G
standards started evolving.
 It is based on the International
Telecommunication Union (ITU) family of standards.
3G technologies enable network operators to offer users a wider
range of more advanced services.
Services include wide-area wireless voice telephony, video-calls and
broadband wireless data , all in a mobile environment.
 The data are sent through the technology called
 Packet switching.Voice calls are interpreted
 through circuit switching.

8. Phone calls/ fax
 Global roaming
 Send/receive large email messages
 High speed web
 Navigation / maps
 Video conferencing
 TV streaming
 Electronic agenda meeting reminder
 Speed: 200 kb/sec-2mb/sec
 Time to download a 3 min MP3 song:
 11 sec-1.5 min

9.  Music is an important mobile
 Content category.
 Mobiles can’t compete with Ipads
 True mobility immediate & direct
 access to downloadable music,with
 no cables or PC.

10.  3G technology has taken the gaming to the next level.
 Real-time multiplayer gaming is possible in 3G system.
 Innovative new services are being added by developer
daily.

11. Not simply rebroadcast of TV or website
Enhanced existing service for mobile environment.
Multi-faceted – 24*7 access to multiple
live streams , video , image & text
content , voting , messaging.
User interaction on multiple levels.
Fully integrated in browser – one click access.

12.  New radio spectrum to relieve overcrowding in
existing systems.
 More bandwidth , security & reliability.
 Inter-portability between services providers.
 High data rates.
 Rich multimedia services.
 Always online devices.

13.  Expensive input fees for the 3G service licenses.
 Numerous differences in the licensing terms.
 It is a challenge to build the necessary
 infrastructure for 3G
 Expense of 3G phones .
 Lack of buy-in by 2G mobile users for the new 3G
 wireless services.
 Large cell phones.

14. Also known as “Mobile Broadband Everywhere”
One of the terms used to describe 4G is:
Mobile Multimedia
Anytime Anywhere
Global mobility Support
Integrated wireless solution and
Customized personal service.

15. Faster and more reliable – 100 Mbps
 Lower cost than previous generations.
 Multi-standard wireless system
 Bluetooth , Wifi
 Coverage of wide area.
 Wide Variety of services capability.
 IPv6 core
 Potentially IEEE standards 802.11
 Only packet switching used unlike previous generations.
MIMO(Multiple In Multiple Out) replace CDMA spread spectrum radio
technology.

16. For the customer
 Video streaming , TV broadcast
 Video calls , video clips- news , music , sports
 Enhanced gaming , chat , location services…
For Business
 High speed Tele-working / VPN access
 Sales force automation
 Video conferencing
 Real-time financial information

17. Specifications 3G 4G
Frequency band 1.5- 2.8 GHz 2-8 GHz
Band width 5-20 MHz 5-20 MHz
Data rate upto 2 Mbps 20 Mbps or more
Access wideband CDMA Multi-carrier-CDMA or
OFDM(TDMA)
FEC Turbo codes concatenated codes
Switching Circuit/ Packet Packet
Top speeds 200kmph 200kmph

18. High usability: anytime, anywhere and with any technology.
Support for multimedia services at low transmission cost.
Higher bandwidth , tight network security.
The equipment required to implement a next generation
network is still very expensive.
Carriers and providers have to plan carefully to make sure
that expenses are kept realistic.