Evaluation of Internet Information requires two things at once:
1. Train your eye and your fingers to employ a series of techniques that help you quickly find what you need to know about web pages;
2. Train your mind to think critically, even suspiciously, by asking a series of questions that will help you decide how much a web page is to be trusted.( http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/TeachingLib/Guides/Internet/Evaluate.html)
- History of the Internet
- What the Internet is
- The Audience
- How does the Internet affect people?
- Why is it used?
- Advantages and disadvantages
- The value of the internet for media institutions
- Convergence
- Implications for the future
Professional Development Learning Module created by Akosua Joiner and Alexis Scranton on the topic of Internet Addiction. This topic falls under the Health & Wellness strand of Digital Literacy.
- History of the Internet
- What the Internet is
- The Audience
- How does the Internet affect people?
- Why is it used?
- Advantages and disadvantages
- The value of the internet for media institutions
- Convergence
- Implications for the future
Professional Development Learning Module created by Akosua Joiner and Alexis Scranton on the topic of Internet Addiction. This topic falls under the Health & Wellness strand of Digital Literacy.
The internet is a network of computers linking many different types of computers all over the world.
It is a very large wide area network (WAN) connecting computers and networks around the world.
It makes it possible for millions of users to connect to one another via telephone lines, cable lines and satellites.
What would your life be like without the internet? The majority of the world is unable to use the internet and smart phone technology effectively because of the language barrier. Now there is a solution available that will open up vast, untapped markets by being the first company to take advantage of Linguist Software's breakthrough technology to connect with the world. The translation capabilities of this tech advancement will make smart phones far more necessary than ever before. Find out more in this informational deck.
Introduction To Internet,
History of INTERNET
Some Basic Internet Definition
What is the difference between the World Wide Web and the Internet?
Web Browsers
Search Engine
E-Mail
The internet is a network of computers linking many different types of computers all over the world.
It is a very large wide area network (WAN) connecting computers and networks around the world.
It makes it possible for millions of users to connect to one another via telephone lines, cable lines and satellites.
What would your life be like without the internet? The majority of the world is unable to use the internet and smart phone technology effectively because of the language barrier. Now there is a solution available that will open up vast, untapped markets by being the first company to take advantage of Linguist Software's breakthrough technology to connect with the world. The translation capabilities of this tech advancement will make smart phones far more necessary than ever before. Find out more in this informational deck.
Introduction To Internet,
History of INTERNET
Some Basic Internet Definition
What is the difference between the World Wide Web and the Internet?
Web Browsers
Search Engine
E-Mail
A study of sixth graders’ critical evaluation of Internet sourcesaj6785
This study was a descriptive, task-based analysis to determine how sixth-grade students approach the cognitive task of critically evaluating Internet sources. Pairs of sixth grade students in an Information Literacy course evaluated four preselected Internet sites to determine their credibility and appropriateness for two specific research scenarios. Data for analysis included written responses, screencasts, and video of students while completing the task. Results suggest that these students tended toward simplistic modes of evaluation in the face of increased cognitive load, though some moved toward a more critical stance and many applied basic metacognitive strategies. The study points to the importance of instructional approaches that teach students to flexibly apply evaluation criteria in ill-structured environments, that teach advanced metacognitive strategies, and that instill habits of mind for critical inquiry. Instruction that empowers students to practice healthy skepticism even in the face of authority is also essential.
From the Bootcamp series (http://www.dent.umich.edu/informatics/bootcamp), this presentation provides an overview of social networks being used with health care communities for consumers and providers.
Running head INFORMATION LITERACY 1INFORMATION LITERACY 2.docxwlynn1
Running head: INFORMATION LITERACY 1
INFORMATION LITERACY 2
INFORMATION LITERACY
GEN 499: General Education Capstone
October 14, 2019.
Ashford University Library has good resources for any academic material one wants to read. I am a business student and when I joined Ashford University I was a little worried about what might happen if I could not find the necessary academic materials to support my education. Another issue I found overwhelming at first was how to navigate the library database because there were so many options. If you click on a particular option at times they are not relevant to the topic under research. A friend directed me on how to navigate in the Databases A-Z. Nowadays it is easier because I followed all the instructions to the later.
I like the ProQuest Database because it has so many options someone can choose from and the resources are very helpful, (Brannon, 2017). I do not have any concerns but don't like the fact that Ashford Library pulls up student's research papers as references that have to be changed. In these databases, one has to use the subject topic to find readings or scholarly articles, (Nelson & Huffman, 2015). Some databases may not have the articles one is looking for because they are all specified for certain course work, if you are new it can be very overwhelming. I also realized that if I download a full PDF then all the details about the authors and references will be readily available.
Ashford University Library has improved skills in my business course because before the exams approach I am always equipped with adequate information. This keeps me away from using search engines like Google and some of the resources may not be credible. The best part with the resources that come from Ashford Library is that they help one reduce the reference format mistakes because they are already located on the articles, (Omar, et.al, 2018). The newspapers and other articles that are on the internet can be very difficult to cite at times. In general, the Ashford University Library is effective and reliable because it has good resources and citations which are accurate.
References
Brannon, P. C. (2017). ProQuest Regulatory Insight. Law Library Journal, 109(3), 484.
Nelson, N., & Huffman, J. (2015). Predatory journals in library databases: How much should we worry?. The serials librarian, 69(2), 169-192.
Omar, D., Preater, A., Clark, I., & Liebert, R. J. (2018). Inclusive reading lists: how libraries can support student and academic leadership.
INFORMATION
GOVERNANCE
Founded in 1807, John Wiley & Sons is the oldest independent publishing company in
the United States. With offi ces in North America, Europe, Asia, and Australia, Wiley
is globally committed to developing and marketing print and electronic products and
services for our customers’ professional and personal knowledge and understanding.
The Wiley CIO series provides information, tools, and insights to IT executives
a.
Running head INFORMATION LITERACY 1INFORMATION LITERACY 2.docxjeanettehully
Running head: INFORMATION LITERACY 1
INFORMATION LITERACY 2
INFORMATION LITERACY
GEN 499: General Education Capstone
October 14, 2019.
Ashford University Library has good resources for any academic material one wants to read. I am a business student and when I joined Ashford University I was a little worried about what might happen if I could not find the necessary academic materials to support my education. Another issue I found overwhelming at first was how to navigate the library database because there were so many options. If you click on a particular option at times they are not relevant to the topic under research. A friend directed me on how to navigate in the Databases A-Z. Nowadays it is easier because I followed all the instructions to the later.
I like the ProQuest Database because it has so many options someone can choose from and the resources are very helpful, (Brannon, 2017). I do not have any concerns but don't like the fact that Ashford Library pulls up student's research papers as references that have to be changed. In these databases, one has to use the subject topic to find readings or scholarly articles, (Nelson & Huffman, 2015). Some databases may not have the articles one is looking for because they are all specified for certain course work, if you are new it can be very overwhelming. I also realized that if I download a full PDF then all the details about the authors and references will be readily available.
Ashford University Library has improved skills in my business course because before the exams approach I am always equipped with adequate information. This keeps me away from using search engines like Google and some of the resources may not be credible. The best part with the resources that come from Ashford Library is that they help one reduce the reference format mistakes because they are already located on the articles, (Omar, et.al, 2018). The newspapers and other articles that are on the internet can be very difficult to cite at times. In general, the Ashford University Library is effective and reliable because it has good resources and citations which are accurate.
References
Brannon, P. C. (2017). ProQuest Regulatory Insight. Law Library Journal, 109(3), 484.
Nelson, N., & Huffman, J. (2015). Predatory journals in library databases: How much should we worry?. The serials librarian, 69(2), 169-192.
Omar, D., Preater, A., Clark, I., & Liebert, R. J. (2018). Inclusive reading lists: how libraries can support student and academic leadership.
INFORMATION
GOVERNANCE
Founded in 1807, John Wiley & Sons is the oldest independent publishing company in
the United States. With offi ces in North America, Europe, Asia, and Australia, Wiley
is globally committed to developing and marketing print and electronic products and
services for our customers’ professional and personal knowledge and understanding.
The Wiley CIO series provides information, tools, and insights to IT executives
a ...
Web Credibility - BJ Fogg - Stanford UniversityBJ Fogg
These slides are part of a two-week curriculum on web credibility. There is also a step-by-step lesson plan that goes along with this. Contact bjfogg@stanford.edu for more info.
Study results from Dulcinea Media showed that middle and high school students were not adequately prepared to effectively do research online. This covers the study results as well as steps through the process of teaching students proper online research techniques.
Social Networking Strategies Internet Research Tools Ccm 6 Dec11steveallen
Intermediate to advanced level presentation on social networking, career search, competitive intelligence, market research, personal branding and other related topics for job seekers and career changers.
This Power Point was created during my 2014 Internship at Essilor of America. This Power point entails my recommendation and implementation plan to redesign one of their division websites.
Workplace wellbeing relates to all aspects of working life, from the quality and safety of the physical environment, to how workers feel about their work, their working environment, the climate at work and work organization.
Workers wellbeing is a key factor in determining an organization’s longterm effectiveness
law is a body of norms
(or rules of conduct) of binding force and effect, specified
and enforced by a recognised authority. Law is used to
create rights and duties, which should be applied fairly
and consistently throughout society
PUBLIC HEALTH POLICY & LEGISLATIONS Health is the right of all persons and the duty of the State and is guaranteed by means of social and economic policies aimed at reducing the risk of illness and other hazards and at universal and equal access to all actions and services for the promotion, protection and recovery of health.
After completing this module you will able to..
1. Describe the access tools available to you for finding information
2. Identify effective search techniques
3. Describe the characteristics of Internet search engines , subject directory and databases.
4. Identify a range of information sources
5. Consider which sources are most likely to be useful for your search question
6. Understand why some information sources may be more helpful than others in the context of a particular information need.
After completing this module you will able to..
1. Analyze a research topic
2. Develop appropriate search strategies and conduct a search
3. Refine search results
Adv. biopharm. APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMSAkankshaAshtankar
MIP 201T & MPH 202T
ADVANCED BIOPHARMACEUTICS & PHARMACOKINETICS : UNIT 5
APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS By - AKANKSHA ASHTANKAR
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,sisternakatoto
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,ABORTION WOMEN’S CLINIC +27730423979 IN women clinic we believe that every woman should be able to make choices in her pregnancy. Our job is to provide compassionate care, safety,affordable and confidential services. That’s why we have won the trust from all generations of women all over the world. we use non surgical method(Abortion pills) to terminate…Dr.LISA +27730423979women Clinic is committed to providing the highest quality of obstetrical and gynecological care to women of all ages. Our dedicated staff aim to treat each patient and her health concerns with compassion and respect.Our dedicated group ABORTION WOMEN’S CLINIC +27730423979 IN women clinic we believe that every woman should be able to make choices in her pregnancy. Our job is to provide compassionate care, safety,affordable and confidential services. That’s why we have won the trust from all generations of women all over the world. we use non surgical method(Abortion pills) to terminate…Dr.LISA +27730423979women Clinic is committed to providing the highest quality of obstetrical and gynecological care to women of all ages. Our dedicated staff aim to treat each patient and her health concerns with compassion and respect.Our dedicated group of receptionists, nurses, and physicians have worked together as a teamof receptionists, nurses, and physicians have worked together as a team wwww.lisywomensclinic.co.za/
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
The Gram stain is a fundamental technique in microbiology used to classify bacteria based on their cell wall structure. It provides a quick and simple method to distinguish between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, which have different susceptibilities to antibiotics
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
3. Main Contents
1. Basic Concepts
2. Evaluation tools
3. Two Case studies ( application)
Basic
Evaluation Tool
Application
WWW.SlideShare.net/AhmedRefat
4. LEARNING OBJECTIVES
By the end of this study setting you will able to :
1. Understand why it's important to evaluate information
2. Identify the meaning and components of Information
Literacy,
3. Define Pseudoscience and Grey literature
4. Distinguish between popular and scholarly articles
5. Describe the Quality Criteria and HON-Code of health
information
6. Identify and apply basic criteria for evaluating
information (5Ws method and the 5 quality criteria
checklist)
7. Describe the types of internet sources and how to
evaluate the validity of information presented in these
sites
WWW.SlideShare.net/AhmedRefat
11. Information Literacy
Information Literacy is the ability to:
Identify
what information is needed,
Understand how the information is
organized,
Identify the best sources of information .
locate those sources,
Evaluate the sources critically,
and Share that information.
WWW.SlideShare.net/AhmedRefat
13. Definition of ICT Literacy
Using digital technology,
communications tools, and/or networks
To
Access, Manage, Integrate, Evaluate,
and Create information
in order to function in a knowledge society.
WWW.SlideShare.net/AhmedRefat
14. Importance of Information
Literacy
IL is critically important because we are
surrounded by a growing ocean of
information in all formats.
Not all information is created equal:
some is authoritative, current, reliable,
but some is biased, out of date,
misleading, false..
WWW.SlideShare.net/AhmedRefat
17. In 2000, the Association of College and Research
Libraries (ACRL),
a division of the American Library Association (ALA),
released:
"Information Literacy Competency
Standards for Higher Education ",
describing
Five standards
and numerous performance indicators
WWW.SlideShare.net/AhmedRefat
19. I.L Competency Standards for Higher
Education
The Five standards
Standard #1 = Know
Standard #2 = Access
Standard #3 = Evaluate
Standard #4 = Use
Standard #5 = Ethical / Legal
WWW.SlideShare.net/AhmedRefat
25. Why Evaluate Web Information ?
Anyone can put anything on the Web.
There are
no uniform
standards for quality for
what can be put on the Web.
Most Web sites are
not reviewed by experts in
a subject as scholarly journal articles are.
do not undergo any kind
of editorial process as most books and
Most Web sites
many other types of print sources do.
WWW.SlideShare.net/AhmedRefat
26. Why Evaluate Web Information ?
Lack of Guidelines
Lack of Monitoring
Immediate mobility of information
Lack of Representation
Searching for information (spiders)
Bias/Objectivity of Information
WWW.SlideShare.net/AhmedRefat
27. Why Evaluate Web Information ?
Lack of Guidelines
There are no rules or standards
governing the type or quality of
information which a writer can put on
the Internet. Web sites may contain
factual information, opinions, data,
ideas, propaganda, self-promotion
and/or commercialism.
WWW.SlideShare.net/AhmedRefat
28. Why Evaluate Web Information ?
Lack of
Monitoring
There are currently no laws in
effect which govern the material
which is placed on the Internet.
WWW.SlideShare.net/AhmedRefat
29. Why Evaluate Web Information ?
Immediate mobility of
information
The most useful aspect of the Internet is
that a person can find the most up-todate information immediately from
almost anywhere in the world on almost
any topic with the just the click of a
mouse.
WWW.SlideShare.net/AhmedRefat
30. Why Evaluate Web Information ?
Lack of
Representation
Although there are hundreds of
millions of pages present on the
Web today, these sites represent
only the minority of the world's
population.
WWW.SlideShare.net/AhmedRefat
31. Why Evaluate Web Information ?
Searching for
information
With the Internet becoming more and
more commercial all the time it is
essential to constantly question, critique
and evaluate all aspects of Internet use.
WWW.SlideShare.net/AhmedRefat
32. Why Evaluate Web Information ?
Bias/Objectivity of
Information
Obtaining unbiased
information from any media
source has always been a
difficult task.
WWW.SlideShare.net/AhmedRefat
33. Challenge:
Marketing-Oriented Web Pages
On the Web, distinctions between
advertising and information can
become extremely blurred
Ads
WEB
Entertainment
WWW.SlideShare.net/AhmedRefat
34. Why Evaluate Web Information ?
Always validate or confirm information
on individuals, institutions or groups,
and countries that you find on the
Internet.
If you don't know who wrote what you
read or why they wrote it,
You don't know if it's reliable !!!.
WWW.SlideShare.net/AhmedRefat
35. Why Evaluate Web Information ?
“61%
of adults gather health
information online”
“Health searches impacted treatment
decision”
“Three-quarters of health seekers do
not check the source and date of the
health information they find online”
WWW.SlideShare.net/AhmedRefat
39. Spectrum of Web Information
Gray Literature
Pseudoscience
Popular articles
scholarly articles
Propaganda
Misinformation
Disinformation,
WWW.SlideShare.net/AhmedRefat
40. Grey Literature
Information produced on all levels of
government, academics, business and
industry in electronic and print formats ,
but which is not controlled by
commercial publishing.
i.e. where publishing is not the primary
activity of the producing body.”
WWW.SlideShare.net/AhmedRefat
42. Characteristics of Science and
Pseudoscience
Science
Their findings are
expressed primarily
through scientific
journals that are peerreviewed and maintain
rigorous standards for
honesty and accuracy.
WWW.SlideShare.net/AhmedRefat
Pseudoscience
The literature is aimed
at the general public.
There is no review, no
standards, no prepublication
verification, no
demand for accuracy
and precision.
43. Characteristics of Science and
Pseudoscience
Science
Reproducible results
are demanded;
experiments must be
precisely described so
that they can be
duplicated exactly or
improved upon..
WWW.SlideShare.net/AhmedRefat
Pseudoscience
Results cannot be
reproduced or
verified. Studies, if
any, are always so
vaguely described that
one can't figure out
what was done or how
it was done.
44. Characteristics of Science and
Pseudoscience
Science
Pseudoscience
Failures are searched
Failures are ignored,
for and studied closely,
because incorrect
theories can often
make correct
predictions by accident,
but no correct theory
will make incorrect
predictions.
excused, hidden, lied
about, discounted,
explained away,
rationalized, forgotten,
avoided at all costs.
WWW.SlideShare.net/AhmedRefat
45. Characteristics of Science and
Pseudoscience
Science
Does not advocate or
market unproven
practices or products
WWW.SlideShare.net/AhmedRefat
Pseudoscience
Generally earns some
or all of his living by
selling questionable
products and/or
pseudoscientific
services .
46. Popular And Scholarly Articles
What is the difference
between popular
And
scholarly articles?
WWW.SlideShare.net/AhmedRefat
47. Popular Articles (Magazines)
Are often written by journalists or
professional writers for a general
audience
Use language easily understood by
general readers
Rarely give full citations for sources
Written for the general public
Tend to be shorter than journal articles
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49. Scholarly Articles (Journals)
Are written by and for faculty,
researchers or scholars
Uses scholarly or technical language
Include full citations for sources
Are often refereed or peer reviewed
(articles are reviewed by an editor and other
specialists before being accepted for
publication)
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51. Why Evaluate Web Information ?
Propaganda
Misinformation
Disinformation,
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52. Why Evaluate Web Information ?
Propaganda
Propaganda based in fact, but
facts represented in such a way
as to provoke a desired
response.
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53. Why Evaluate Web Information ?
Disinformation
"The dissemination of
intentionally false/fabricated
information,
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54. Why Evaluate Web Information ?
Misinformation
differs from propaganda in that it
always refers to something which
is not true.
It differs from disinformation in that
it is "intention neutral": it isn't
intentional, it's just wrong or
mistaken.
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58. Evaluation Techniques
Evaluating web pages skillfully requires you to
do two things at once:
Train your eye
and your fingers to employ
a series of techniques that help you quickly find
what you need to know about web pages;
Train your mind
to think critically, even
suspiciously, by asking a series of questions that
will help you decide how much a web page is to be
trusted.
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59. Web Sites 5 Criteria
Evaluation
5W
Accuracy
W
WHO?
Authority
Where?
When
Objectivity
Currency
What?
WHY?
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Coverage
60. THE 5 W’S
OF WEB SITE
EVALUATION
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61. WWW = W? W? W? W? W?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
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Who
What
When
Where
Why
62. THE 5 W’S OF WEB SITE EVALUATION
1- WHO wrote the pages and are
they an expert in their field?
Can you identify an author or
sponsoring organization?
Is the author or sponsor well
regarded in their field?
Can you contact the author or
organization?
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63. THE 5 W’S OF WEB SITE EVALUATION
2- WHAT is the purpose of the
site?
Is this site mostly fact or opinion?
Are there links to the sponsoring
page, or is this a lone individual?
Is this actually an advertisement
disguised as information?
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64. THE 5 W’S OF WEB SITE EVALUATION
3- WHERE does the information
come from?
Does the author let the reader
know where they got their
information?
Does the author provide
citations?
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65. THE 5 W’S OF WEB SITE EVALUATION
4- WHEN was the site created,
updated, or last worked on?
Does the website tell when it was
created or last updated?
Does it matter to me when this
information was posted to the
Internet?
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66. THE 5 W’S OF WEB SITE EVALUATION
5- WHY is the information
valuable?
Is this new to me, or did I already
know these facts?
Can I confirm the reliability of
this information by finding
similar facts elsewhere?
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70. 1-Accuracy -Criteria
Is the information reliable and error-free?
Can you find when was the last update?
Is there an editor or someone who
verifies/checks the information?
71. 1-Accuracy -Rationale
Anyone can publish
anything on the
Web.
Unlike traditional print resources, Web
resources rarely have editors or factcheckers.
Currently, no Web standards exist to
ensure accuracy.
74. 2- Authority -Criteria
Is the page signed?
Are the author's qualifications available?
Does s/he have expertise in this subject?
Is the author associated with an educational
institution or other reputable organization?
Does the publisher or publication have a reputation
for reliability?
Is contact information for the author or group
available on the site?
75. 2-Authority -Rationale
It's often hard to determine a web page's authorship.
Unlike traditional print resources, Web resources
rarely have editors or fact-checkers.
There are no standards for information on the web
which would ensure that all information there is
accurate and useful.
People create web pages for different reasons:
Personal
Advocacy
Commercial/Marketing
Informational
76. 2-Authority -Verify
Look at the top and bottom of the web page for
clues.
Use the WhoIs service to determine the page's
owner.
Is there a link to a main web site for the
group/educational institution/ organization hosting
this web page?
Look at the first part of the URL for the web page. Is
it .org? .edu? .gov? .net? .com?
Does the author or host have a web page explaining
who they are and what their mission or philosophy
is?
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78. 3- Objectivity -Criteria
Does the information show a
minimum of bias?
Is the page a presentation of facts
and not designed to sway opinion?
Is the page free of advertisements
or sponsored links?
79. 3-Objectivity -Rationale
Frequently the goals of the
sponsors/authors aren't clearly
stated.
Often the web serve as a virtual
"Hyde Park Corner," a soapbox.
The content of the page may be
influenced by the advertiser.
80. 3-Objectivity-Verify
Read through/scan the web page and
consider.
Does the author or host have a web page
explaining who they are and what their
mission or philosophy is?
See what other websites link to the site in
question. Google's link searches is one
method.
Ask a Reference Librarian if information
about the author/ company/ organization is
available.
82. 4-Currency -Criteria
Is the page dated?
Can you find when was the
last update?
Are the links current and do
they point to existing pages?
83. 4-Currency -Rationale
Publication or revision dates are not always
provided.
Pages with broken links may not be updated
regularly.
If a date is provided, it may have various
meanings. For example it may indicate when
the material:
was first written
was first placed on the Web
was last updated
84. 4-Currency-Verify
Read through and scan the text to see if the
author attributes information/facts to a
particular year. e.g. "in 1997, 35 car accidents
were caused by chickens crossing the road."
Scan through the bibliography or list of
references (be concerned if there isn't one!)
and see how current each item is. e.g. Cool,
Joe. (1975) "Current flying practices." Canine
Aviation 32(3):23-40.
Look at the footer to see if the author has
included a date.
86. 5- Coverage -Criteria
Is the information even relevant
to your topic?
Do you think it is useful to you?
Does this page have information
that is not found elsewhere?
How in-depth is the material?
87. 5-Coverage -Rationale
Web coverage often differs from
print coverage.
Frequently it's difficult to determine
the extent of coverage.
Sometimes web information is justfor-fun or outright silliness.
88. 5-Coverage-Verify
Read through/scan the web page
and consider.
Ask a Reference Librarian if the
information you have found can
be verified elsewhere.
91. (URL).
Much like the address on an envelope, each
part of a URL provides information about the
Web page.
http://www.wmich.edu/registrar/registration.html
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92. URL Web Address
What does the URL say about the producer of the web
site, and its purpose?
.gov Government agency: www.whitehouse.gov
.net Internet Service Provider: www.whitehouse.net
.Com Commercial site -Go there at your own risk.)
.edu
Higher education - www.lesley.edu.
.org Organization; may be charitable, religious, or a
lobbying group - http://www.rtda.org.
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96. What can the URL tell you?
Read
the URL carefully:
Look for a personal name (e.g., jbarker
or barker) following a tilde ( ~ ), a
percent sign ( % ), or or the words
"users," "members," or "people."
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97. URL Web Address
~ ("tilde")
Personal site http://www.members.tripod.com/~DAdams/qkbrdinf.html
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99. What is the History of a Website?
The Wayback Machine:
www.archive.org allows you
to browse through 30 billion
web pages archived from
1996 to a few months ago.
105. eEurope 2002: Quality Criteria for Health
related Websites
COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
Brussels, 29.11.2002 COM( 2002) 667 final
2.1 Transparency of Health Related Content
2.2 Authority of Health Related Content
Providers
2.3 Privacy and data protection of Health Data
2.4 Updating of Health Related Information
2.5 Accountability for Health Related Content
2.6 Accessibility in Health Related Content
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106. Transparency and Honesty
Transparency of provider of site – including name,
physical address and electronic address of the
person or organisation responsible for the site
Transparency of purpose and objective of the site
Target audience clearly defined (further detail on
purpose, multiple audience could be defined at
different levels).
Transparency of all sources of funding for site
(grants, sponsors, advertisers, non-profit, voluntary
assistance).
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107. Privacy and data protection
Privacy and data protection policy and
system for the processing of personal data,
including processing invisible to users, to be
clearly defined in accordance with
community Data Protection legislation
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108. Updating of information
Clear and regular updating of the site,
with date of up-date clearly displayed
for each page and/ or item as relevant.
Regular checking of relevance of
information.
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109. Accountability
user feedback, and appropriate oversight
responsibility .
Responsible partnering -all efforts should
be made to ensure that partnering or
linking to other websites is undertaken only
with trustworthy individuals and
organizations who themselves comply with
relevant codes of good practice.
Editorial policy -clear statement describing
what procedure was used for selection of
content.
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110. Accessibility
Accessibility -attention to guidelines on
physical accessibility as well as general
findability, searchability, readability,
usability, etc.
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127. Types of Internet Information Sources
Web pages ….. ……. ……. …….
Wiki
Blogs
Databases
Social
networking
Multimedia
Forum , group
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128. Wikis
A wiki is a publishing platform on which
many people can contribute new
content and revise existing content.
The content benefits from the collective
knowledge base and the dynamic
nature of the contributions.
Examples: Wikipedia,
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129. To evaluate the content on a wiki
The sponsorship of the wiki. This may be
explained on an "About" or similar page.
The wiki, whether academic or popular, suits
your needs.
The identity of those who are able to edit or
add content. If it is a select group, try to
determine if they have expertise in the wiki’s
topic.
Changes to the page appear reasonable.
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130. Blogs
A blog is a Web-based journal entry
platform that can accept reader
comments.
Entries are usually presented in
reverse chronological order.
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131. To evaluate the content on a blog, look for
these clues
Most blog postings focus on a discussion of
issues rather than day-to-day personal or
recreational activities.
Blog postings are signed by an identifiable
author.
The author has expertise on the topic of the
blog.
Comments on blog postings emphasize
substantive discussion of the issues.
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132. Social networking sites
Social networking sites are online
communities in which members can interact
in a number of ways.
Full‐featured communities offer the ability to
share a personal profile, initiate contacts
with “friends,” form groups of members with
similar interests, contact group members
directly, engage in discussions, share media
or photos, and discover other common
connections through ones’ contacts
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133. To evaluate the content on a social
networking site, look for these clues:
• The identity of the source of shared information can
be verified. This can be done by examining the
profile page if made public, verifying the named
source of the information, and so on.
• Information on the profile page of the individual,
institution, company, or library can be verified.
• The individual, institution, etc. contributing
information has expertise on the topic.
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135. To evaluate the content in a multimedia
presentation, look for these clues:
• The presentation is sponsored by a reputable
institution, organization, or identified
individual(s)whose expertise can be verified.
• If individuals appear or speak in a
presentation, they are identified and their
expertise can be checked.
• The presentation or its accompanying
information includes contact information.
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136. To evaluate the content in a multimedia
presentation, look for these clues:
• The presentation or its accompanying
information includes contact information.
• Comments that may accompany the
presentation evaluate its quality (even if you
don’t agree with what others have to say).
• If previously recorded, the presentation can
be identified by date so that you can determine
the currency of the information provided.
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