Episode 15 : Research Methodology ( Part 5 )
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Episode 15 : Research Methodology ( Part 5 ) Ranjit Kumar. "Research Methodology" Longman, 1996 Lindsay D. “A Guide to Scientific Writing” Longman, 1995 Ralph Berry. “How to write a Research Paper”, Pergamon, 1986 Gerson S J and Gerson S M. “Technical Writing Process and Product”, Prentice Hall, 1992 Coley S M and Scheinberg C A, "Proposal Writing", Newbury Sage Publications, 1990
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Episode 11 : Research Methodology
Episode 11 : Research Methodology
In discussing how and when objectives will be accomplished, it is important to denote clearly the responsibilities of the various personnel involved in the proposed project.
The Personnel section should describe all professional staff, state how much time each of the staff will spend on the project, and what the specific role of each will be.
In describing personnel, the proposer should carefully point out the competence and experience of each related to his/her project assignment.
The proposal should include resumes for key personnel, emphasizing background and relevant current publications which substantiate personnel ability to conduct the particular project.
Those papers which are in preparation, submitted, or in press, and which pertain to the project should
also be listed. Preprints may be included in an appendix.
It may, in fact, be necessary to prepare resumes suitable for the specific project.
Although resumes need not be included for support staff who play minor roles, it is essential to explain their tasks and to justify their appointments.
SAJJAD KHUDHUR ABBAS
Chemical Engineering , Al-Muthanna University, Iraq
Oil & Gas Safety and Health Professional – OSHACADEMY
Trainer of Trainers (TOT) - Canadian Center of Human
Development
Episode 13 : Research Methodology ( Part 3 )
This document discusses research methodology and what constitutes good research. It defines research as the systematic scientific investigation of a problem by reviewing existing information, collecting and analyzing data, and drawing conclusions. Good research is based on previous work, can be replicated, generalized to other settings, and generates new questions. It proceeds logically from identifying a problem to reviewing literature to data collection and analysis to conclusions. The document contrasts this with bad research, such as looking for something not there, plagiarizing, falsifying data, or misleading. It emphasizes research should improve living beings and that science can be questioned.
Episode 10 : steps in conducting the general flow of systematic research
Episode 10 : steps in conducting the general flow of systematic research
1. List out in order the steps in conducting the general flow of systematic research.Problem Identification
Reviewing Information
Data Collection
Analysis
Drawing Conclusions
SAJJAD KHUDHUR ABBAS
Chemical Engineering , Al-Muthanna University, Iraq
Oil & Gas Safety and Health Professional – OSHACADEMY
Trainer of Trainers (TOT) - Canadian Center of Human
Development
Episode 16 : Research Methodology ( Part 6 )
This document discusses the key differences between research in engineering disciplines compared to other fields. Engineering research is more focused on developing tangible outputs through experiments and testing on machines rather than humans. It relies heavily on mathematics to form hypotheses and analyze data. Literature surveys are important to engineering research to avoid duplicating past work and learn from methodologies of other studies. A literature review goes beyond summarizing past work by providing a critical analysis, identifying relationships and gaps between studies, and predicting future directions of the field's knowledge.
Episode 6 : How to write a great research paper
Episode 6 : How to write a Great Research Paper and Get it Accepted by a Good Journal From title to references From submission to revision
Who are publishers and what do we do?
Practical tips before you write
What makes a good manuscript?
The article structure
The review and editorial process
Author ethics
Standard format of Research article ( how to write research article )
This document outlines the standard format for research articles and provides guidance for evaluating each section. It discusses that research articles typically include an abstract, introduction, methods, results, discussion, and references sections. The introduction section establishes the background, purpose, and hypotheses. The methods section describes the participants, materials, and procedures. The results section summarizes the statistical analyses. The discussion section interprets the results and identifies limitations. It also provides criteria for evaluating each component, such as assessing the literature review, research questions, methodology, results, and conclusions.
Writing a scientific research paper
This presentation gives effcient information as for writing a Scientific Research Paper. There is also an article which has more details regarding this topic https://essay-academy.com/account/blog/writing-a-scientific-research-paper
Ales 204 2012lecture
This document provides an overview of how to read and write scientific articles. It discusses the typical structure of scientific articles including the title, abstract, introduction, methods, results, discussion, and conclusion sections. It also describes how to critically read scientific articles by evaluating the questions addressed, research design, evidence, conclusions, and importance. Finally, it outlines best practices for writing scientific articles such as analyzing data, designing the structure, and choosing the appropriate journal for publication.
Recommended
Episode 11 : Research Methodology
Episode 11 : Research Methodology
In discussing how and when objectives will be accomplished, it is important to denote clearly the responsibilities of the various personnel involved in the proposed project.
The Personnel section should describe all professional staff, state how much time each of the staff will spend on the project, and what the specific role of each will be.
In describing personnel, the proposer should carefully point out the competence and experience of each related to his/her project assignment.
The proposal should include resumes for key personnel, emphasizing background and relevant current publications which substantiate personnel ability to conduct the particular project.
Those papers which are in preparation, submitted, or in press, and which pertain to the project should
also be listed. Preprints may be included in an appendix.
It may, in fact, be necessary to prepare resumes suitable for the specific project.
Although resumes need not be included for support staff who play minor roles, it is essential to explain their tasks and to justify their appointments.
SAJJAD KHUDHUR ABBAS
Chemical Engineering , Al-Muthanna University, Iraq
Oil & Gas Safety and Health Professional – OSHACADEMY
Trainer of Trainers (TOT) - Canadian Center of Human
Development
Episode 13 : Research Methodology ( Part 3 )
This document discusses research methodology and what constitutes good research. It defines research as the systematic scientific investigation of a problem by reviewing existing information, collecting and analyzing data, and drawing conclusions. Good research is based on previous work, can be replicated, generalized to other settings, and generates new questions. It proceeds logically from identifying a problem to reviewing literature to data collection and analysis to conclusions. The document contrasts this with bad research, such as looking for something not there, plagiarizing, falsifying data, or misleading. It emphasizes research should improve living beings and that science can be questioned.
Episode 10 : steps in conducting the general flow of systematic research
Episode 10 : steps in conducting the general flow of systematic research
1. List out in order the steps in conducting the general flow of systematic research.Problem Identification
Reviewing Information
Data Collection
Analysis
Drawing Conclusions
SAJJAD KHUDHUR ABBAS
Chemical Engineering , Al-Muthanna University, Iraq
Oil & Gas Safety and Health Professional – OSHACADEMY
Trainer of Trainers (TOT) - Canadian Center of Human
Development
Episode 16 : Research Methodology ( Part 6 )
This document discusses the key differences between research in engineering disciplines compared to other fields. Engineering research is more focused on developing tangible outputs through experiments and testing on machines rather than humans. It relies heavily on mathematics to form hypotheses and analyze data. Literature surveys are important to engineering research to avoid duplicating past work and learn from methodologies of other studies. A literature review goes beyond summarizing past work by providing a critical analysis, identifying relationships and gaps between studies, and predicting future directions of the field's knowledge.
Episode 6 : How to write a great research paper
Episode 6 : How to write a Great Research Paper and Get it Accepted by a Good Journal From title to references From submission to revision
Who are publishers and what do we do?
Practical tips before you write
What makes a good manuscript?
The article structure
The review and editorial process
Author ethics
Standard format of Research article ( how to write research article )
This document outlines the standard format for research articles and provides guidance for evaluating each section. It discusses that research articles typically include an abstract, introduction, methods, results, discussion, and references sections. The introduction section establishes the background, purpose, and hypotheses. The methods section describes the participants, materials, and procedures. The results section summarizes the statistical analyses. The discussion section interprets the results and identifies limitations. It also provides criteria for evaluating each component, such as assessing the literature review, research questions, methodology, results, and conclusions.
Writing a scientific research paper
This presentation gives effcient information as for writing a Scientific Research Paper. There is also an article which has more details regarding this topic https://essay-academy.com/account/blog/writing-a-scientific-research-paper
Ales 204 2012lecture
This document provides an overview of how to read and write scientific articles. It discusses the typical structure of scientific articles including the title, abstract, introduction, methods, results, discussion, and conclusion sections. It also describes how to critically read scientific articles by evaluating the questions addressed, research design, evidence, conclusions, and importance. Finally, it outlines best practices for writing scientific articles such as analyzing data, designing the structure, and choosing the appropriate journal for publication.
How to publish a research paper
How to publish a research paperKhurshid Sherani - Freelance Digital Marketing Specialist (SEO/SEM/SMM)
Do Yourself a Favor…
Learn HOW to Publish A Research
Paper
(50% off Coupon)
https://www.udemy.com/scientific-research-paper/?couponCode=UNCEDU
Take an opportunity to “Learn to Publish A Research
Paper”. Add value to research skills and knowledge today!
I’m excited to help you add value to your capabilities by
adding skills and knowledge our course provides in your as
you move up your ladder. Upon successful completion of
our course, more and more people realize just how capable
they really are. This course is meant for beginners that are
not familiar with Research Journals and/or students
looking for a quick refresher on how to publish a research
paper. No prior knowledge is needed.
At the end of this course, students will be able to:
1. outline a complete research paper
2. choose an appropriate journal to which you'll submit
the finished paper for publication
3. prepare a checklist that will allow you to
independently judge whether your paper is ready to
submit.
If an audio or video stops, simply restart your browser.
This rarely occurs, but restarted often works.Literature review ppt
Literature reviewing, some available technology tools to make your literature reviewing better. Planning a literature review, searching for optimal results, use the right resources, fast reading trick for articles, fighting procrastination. Do more in a shorter time with more comprehension and efficiency.
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The document provides guidance on writing scientific articles, including their typical structure and key components. It discusses the importance of planning the article by developing a central message and summarizing the key elements. Tips are provided on selecting an appropriate target journal based on factors like the article's significance, relevance and appeal. Common reasons for rejection like lack of novelty or poor writing are also reviewed.
Scientific workplace
This document outlines the different sections and purposes of a scientific research report. It discusses the key components including an abstract, introduction, methodology, results, discussion, and conclusion sections. The introduction provides background on the research problem and purpose of the study. The methodology section describes the research design, samples, procedures, and analysis. The results section presents the key findings from the research in tables, graphs, or figures without interpretation. The discussion section interprets the results and relates them to prior literature. The conclusion states the major findings and recommendations.
Literature Review
This document outlines the process and importance of reviewing literature for research. It discusses reviewing literature as an essential preliminary task to acquaint oneself with existing knowledge in an area of interest. The literature review contributes to clarifying the research problem, improving methodology, broadening knowledge, and contextualizing findings. The procedure involves searching literature, reviewing selections critically, and developing theoretical and conceptual frameworks. Overall, reviewing literature prevents duplicating past work, increases knowledge to refine the research problem, and gives confidence that a particular study is needed by identifying gaps.
Writing and publishing a research article
- Writing and publishing a research article is important both practically, to advance one's career through promotions and funding, and ideally, to share findings and improve healthcare.
- Getting published is competitive, with high rejection rates at top journals. Major reasons for rejection include lack of novelty, poor experimental design, or being poorly written.
- A good research paper has novel, mechanistic findings published in a high impact journal. It is important to choose the right journal and write clearly and concisely following the journal's instructions. The introduction should build the case for why the study is important and the results should clearly answer the proposed hypothesis.
How to write publish papers in dentistry
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The document provides guidance on how to write a medical original article for publication. It discusses the key components of an original article including the title, abstract, introduction, methods, results, and discussion sections. It emphasizes that the introduction should clearly outline the objectives and importance of the study. The methods section must provide full details of the patients, materials, study design, and statistical analysis. The results section should objectively present the data without interpretations. Reviewers will evaluate whether the study design, statistical analysis, and conclusions are supported by the results. Overall, the document aims to help authors structure their article according to standards expected by medical journals.
Imrad
The IMRAD (Introduction, Methods, Research [and] Discussion) Research Paper Format is a mnemonic for a common format used for academic ['scientific'] research papers. While used primarily in the hard sciences, like physics and biology, it is also widely used in the social and behavioral sciences. The IMRAD format is also known as the APA format, as the American Psychological Association uses the IMRAD headings in its APA style sheet.
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Here is a revised abstract for the experiment:
This experiment tested factors that influence enzyme effectiveness. Catecholase samples at concentrations from 0.5 ml to 1.75 ml and pH levels from 4 to 8 were tested in a spectrophotometer. Absorption rates were highest for samples with more Catecholase and pH between 6-8, supporting the hypothesis that enzymes function best at neutral pH levels and in larger amounts. The data provide insight into optimizing enzyme activity.
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This document provides guidance on writing a successful research proposal. It discusses including an introduction that establishes the problem being addressed and how the research will achieve its objectives. The methodology section should describe the research design, data collection instruments, participants, and analysis plan. Other important sections are aims and objectives, timeline, budget, and references. The proposal should convince reviewers that the research is feasible, addresses an important question, and is led by an appropriate investigator.
Research article structure
This document outlines the standard structure for a scientific research paper, which generally consists of three main parts: an introduction, body, and conclusion. The introduction provides background on the topic and states the purpose of the study. The body includes a literature review, methodology, results, and discussion sections. The conclusion summarizes key findings and implications. While the title and abstract are presented first, they are usually written last to succinctly describe the overall paper. Following a consistent structure helps provide organization and credibility to the research.
Importance of research publication pg society
1. The document discusses the importance of research publication including establishing credibility, advancing science, and sharing knowledge.
2. It outlines the types of publications including popular articles, conference proceedings, SCI and non-SCI journals, and highlights SCI journals which are indexed in citation services and have impact factors.
3. The writing process is described involving establishing publication targets, organizing writing sessions, and following steps of writing the title, abstract, introduction, main content, and conclusion for paper submissions.
Research proposal: How to Write a Research Proposal
This document provides guidance on how to write an effective research proposal. It should include a concise title, 300-word abstract summarizing key elements, and sections on introduction/background, literature review, methods, and discussion. The introduction establishes the research problem and importance. The literature review evaluates prior work and identifies gaps. The methods section details the research design, participants, and analysis. The discussion conveys the potential impact despite limitations. Common mistakes to avoid are lack of focus, context, and argument for the proposed research.
Scientific report writing
This document provides an overview of scientific report writing. It defines a scientific report as a document that describes the process, progress, and results of technical or scientific research. The document outlines the typical elements and structure of a scientific report, including the title, abstract, introduction, methodology, results, discussion, and conclusion sections. It also discusses the purposes of scientific reports, which are to share information with other scientists, review other scientists' research, and demonstrate research progress.
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This document discusses how to read and understand medical research articles. It begins by outlining the common components of articles, including the abstract, introduction, methods, results, discussion, and conclusion sections. It then describes different types of articles like case reports, reviews, and editorials. Next, it covers levels of evidence in medical research and systems for grading evidence. It provides guidance on how to effectively read articles, including preparing, understanding the structure and content, and evaluating the findings. Finally, it discusses signs of dubious or unreliable data in articles. In summary, the document provides a comprehensive overview of medical research articles and how readers can critically analyze and understand their content and conclusions.
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This document provides guidance on writing a research proposal. It defines a proposal as a persuasive document that identifies the work to be done, why it needs to be done, and convinces the reader that the proposers are qualified. It recommends including a title, literature review, goals and objectives, research plan, expected outcomes and impact, budget, references, and information on research staff qualifications. Key sections are the literature review, which analyzes previous related work to identify opportunities, and the research plan, which outlines the approaches and timeline. The proposal should convince the reader that the proposed project adds value and that the team is capable of completing it on budget and schedule.
The Ethics of Scientific Paper Writing
The document discusses the ethical issues of plagiarism and authorship that authors should avoid in scientific writing. It defines different types of plagiarism like intentional plagiarism, self-plagiarism, and duplicate publication that violate ethical guidelines. The document also explains various forms of authorship abuse like coercion authorship, honorary authorship, and ghost authorship that authors should avoid to maintain integrity in their research publications.
Episode 12 : Research Methodology ( Part 2 )
1. The document discusses various techniques for quantitative data analysis, including statistical methods like correlation, t-tests, analysis of variance, regression analysis, and econometric modeling.
2. Both descriptive and inferential statistics are covered, with descriptive statistics used to describe or make abstractions about a population based on a sample, while inferential statistics allow inferences to be made about a population based on a sample.
3. Several principles of data analysis are provided, including the need to analyze rather than just narrate data, link the analysis back to research objectives and questions, and ensure findings are supported by data.
Episode 14 : Research Methodology ( Part 4 )
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Research Methodology: A Step-by-Step Guide for Beginners
by Ranjith Kumar
The Research Methods Knowledge Base by William Trochim
UNIT 1:
[1] Overview of Research Methodologies
1.1: Need for research
1.2: Concepts of research and its methodologies
1.3: Classifications of research
1.4: Sequences in conducting research
SAJJAD KHUDHUR ABBAS
Chemical Engineering , Al-Muthanna University, Iraq
Oil & Gas Safety and Health Professional – OSHACADEMY
Trainer of Trainers (TOT) - Canadian Center of Human
Development
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Do Yourself a Favor…
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Paper
(50% off Coupon)
https://www.udemy.com/scientific-research-paper/?couponCode=UNCEDU
Take an opportunity to “Learn to Publish A Research
Paper”. Add value to research skills and knowledge today!
I’m excited to help you add value to your capabilities by
adding skills and knowledge our course provides in your as
you move up your ladder. Upon successful completion of
our course, more and more people realize just how capable
they really are. This course is meant for beginners that are
not familiar with Research Journals and/or students
looking for a quick refresher on how to publish a research
paper. No prior knowledge is needed.
At the end of this course, students will be able to:
1. outline a complete research paper
2. choose an appropriate journal to which you'll submit
the finished paper for publication
3. prepare a checklist that will allow you to
independently judge whether your paper is ready to
submit.
If an audio or video stops, simply restart your browser.
This rarely occurs, but restarted often works.Literature review ppt
Literature reviewing, some available technology tools to make your literature reviewing better. Planning a literature review, searching for optimal results, use the right resources, fast reading trick for articles, fighting procrastination. Do more in a shorter time with more comprehension and efficiency.
Writing a Scientific Article
The document provides guidance on writing scientific articles, including their typical structure and key components. It discusses the importance of planning the article by developing a central message and summarizing the key elements. Tips are provided on selecting an appropriate target journal based on factors like the article's significance, relevance and appeal. Common reasons for rejection like lack of novelty or poor writing are also reviewed.
Scientific workplace
This document outlines the different sections and purposes of a scientific research report. It discusses the key components including an abstract, introduction, methodology, results, discussion, and conclusion sections. The introduction provides background on the research problem and purpose of the study. The methodology section describes the research design, samples, procedures, and analysis. The results section presents the key findings from the research in tables, graphs, or figures without interpretation. The discussion section interprets the results and relates them to prior literature. The conclusion states the major findings and recommendations.
Literature Review
This document outlines the process and importance of reviewing literature for research. It discusses reviewing literature as an essential preliminary task to acquaint oneself with existing knowledge in an area of interest. The literature review contributes to clarifying the research problem, improving methodology, broadening knowledge, and contextualizing findings. The procedure involves searching literature, reviewing selections critically, and developing theoretical and conceptual frameworks. Overall, reviewing literature prevents duplicating past work, increases knowledge to refine the research problem, and gives confidence that a particular study is needed by identifying gaps.
Writing and publishing a research article
- Writing and publishing a research article is important both practically, to advance one's career through promotions and funding, and ideally, to share findings and improve healthcare.
- Getting published is competitive, with high rejection rates at top journals. Major reasons for rejection include lack of novelty, poor experimental design, or being poorly written.
- A good research paper has novel, mechanistic findings published in a high impact journal. It is important to choose the right journal and write clearly and concisely following the journal's instructions. The introduction should build the case for why the study is important and the results should clearly answer the proposed hypothesis.
How to write publish papers in dentistry
This document provides guidance on writing and publishing scientific papers in dentistry. It discusses the scientific process, communicating results through talks and written documents, and the obligations of research. It defines science and what makes research scientific. Characteristics of good science are outlined, including starting with a question and having a clear goal, specific plan, dividing problems into subproblems, hypotheses testing, and the cyclical nature of science. The document provides advice on literature reviews, impact factors, validity and reliability, statistics, and scientific writing style.
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This document provides an introduction to scientific writing. It discusses the need for research and publishing papers to further one's career. Writing is a learned skill that requires training and practice. The document outlines the key sections of a research paper, including the introduction, methods, results, and discussion. It provides guidance on writing each section effectively and emphasizes structure, clarity, and detail. The document also covers best practices for titles, keywords, references, authorship, and acknowledgments. The overall message is that scientific writing takes work but is an important way to disseminate research and build one's reputation in their field.
The IMRAD format
Writing a Scientific Paper using the IMRAD Format..(Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, Analysis and Discussion)
How to write a medical original article
The document provides guidance on how to write a medical original article for publication. It discusses the key components of an original article including the title, abstract, introduction, methods, results, and discussion sections. It emphasizes that the introduction should clearly outline the objectives and importance of the study. The methods section must provide full details of the patients, materials, study design, and statistical analysis. The results section should objectively present the data without interpretations. Reviewers will evaluate whether the study design, statistical analysis, and conclusions are supported by the results. Overall, the document aims to help authors structure their article according to standards expected by medical journals.
Imrad
The IMRAD (Introduction, Methods, Research [and] Discussion) Research Paper Format is a mnemonic for a common format used for academic ['scientific'] research papers. While used primarily in the hard sciences, like physics and biology, it is also widely used in the social and behavioral sciences. The IMRAD format is also known as the APA format, as the American Psychological Association uses the IMRAD headings in its APA style sheet.
How to Write Good Scientific Papers: A Comprehensive Guide
Here is a revised abstract for the experiment:
This experiment tested factors that influence enzyme effectiveness. Catecholase samples at concentrations from 0.5 ml to 1.75 ml and pH levels from 4 to 8 were tested in a spectrophotometer. Absorption rates were highest for samples with more Catecholase and pH between 6-8, supporting the hypothesis that enzymes function best at neutral pH levels and in larger amounts. The data provide insight into optimizing enzyme activity.
How to write
This document provides guidance on writing a successful research proposal. It discusses including an introduction that establishes the problem being addressed and how the research will achieve its objectives. The methodology section should describe the research design, data collection instruments, participants, and analysis plan. Other important sections are aims and objectives, timeline, budget, and references. The proposal should convince reviewers that the research is feasible, addresses an important question, and is led by an appropriate investigator.
Research article structure
This document outlines the standard structure for a scientific research paper, which generally consists of three main parts: an introduction, body, and conclusion. The introduction provides background on the topic and states the purpose of the study. The body includes a literature review, methodology, results, and discussion sections. The conclusion summarizes key findings and implications. While the title and abstract are presented first, they are usually written last to succinctly describe the overall paper. Following a consistent structure helps provide organization and credibility to the research.
Importance of research publication pg society
1. The document discusses the importance of research publication including establishing credibility, advancing science, and sharing knowledge.
2. It outlines the types of publications including popular articles, conference proceedings, SCI and non-SCI journals, and highlights SCI journals which are indexed in citation services and have impact factors.
3. The writing process is described involving establishing publication targets, organizing writing sessions, and following steps of writing the title, abstract, introduction, main content, and conclusion for paper submissions.
Research proposal: How to Write a Research Proposal
This document provides guidance on how to write an effective research proposal. It should include a concise title, 300-word abstract summarizing key elements, and sections on introduction/background, literature review, methods, and discussion. The introduction establishes the research problem and importance. The literature review evaluates prior work and identifies gaps. The methods section details the research design, participants, and analysis. The discussion conveys the potential impact despite limitations. Common mistakes to avoid are lack of focus, context, and argument for the proposed research.
Scientific report writing
This document provides an overview of scientific report writing. It defines a scientific report as a document that describes the process, progress, and results of technical or scientific research. The document outlines the typical elements and structure of a scientific report, including the title, abstract, introduction, methodology, results, discussion, and conclusion sections. It also discusses the purposes of scientific reports, which are to share information with other scientists, review other scientists' research, and demonstrate research progress.
Understanding a research article for students
This document discusses how to read and understand medical research articles. It begins by outlining the common components of articles, including the abstract, introduction, methods, results, discussion, and conclusion sections. It then describes different types of articles like case reports, reviews, and editorials. Next, it covers levels of evidence in medical research and systems for grading evidence. It provides guidance on how to effectively read articles, including preparing, understanding the structure and content, and evaluating the findings. Finally, it discusses signs of dubious or unreliable data in articles. In summary, the document provides a comprehensive overview of medical research articles and how readers can critically analyze and understand their content and conclusions.
Proposal writing workshop
This document provides guidance on writing a research proposal. It defines a proposal as a persuasive document that identifies the work to be done, why it needs to be done, and convinces the reader that the proposers are qualified. It recommends including a title, literature review, goals and objectives, research plan, expected outcomes and impact, budget, references, and information on research staff qualifications. Key sections are the literature review, which analyzes previous related work to identify opportunities, and the research plan, which outlines the approaches and timeline. The proposal should convince the reader that the proposed project adds value and that the team is capable of completing it on budget and schedule.
The Ethics of Scientific Paper Writing
The document discusses the ethical issues of plagiarism and authorship that authors should avoid in scientific writing. It defines different types of plagiarism like intentional plagiarism, self-plagiarism, and duplicate publication that violate ethical guidelines. The document also explains various forms of authorship abuse like coercion authorship, honorary authorship, and ghost authorship that authors should avoid to maintain integrity in their research publications.
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2. Both descriptive and inferential statistics are covered, with descriptive statistics used to describe or make abstractions about a population based on a sample, while inferential statistics allow inferences to be made about a population based on a sample.
3. Several principles of data analysis are provided, including the need to analyze rather than just narrate data, link the analysis back to research objectives and questions, and ensure findings are supported by data.
Episode 14 : Research Methodology ( Part 4 )
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UNIT 1:
[1] Overview of Research Methodologies
1.1: Need for research
1.2: Concepts of research and its methodologies
1.3: Classifications of research
1.4: Sequences in conducting research
SAJJAD KHUDHUR ABBAS
Chemical Engineering , Al-Muthanna University, Iraq
Oil & Gas Safety and Health Professional – OSHACADEMY
Trainer of Trainers (TOT) - Canadian Center of Human
Development
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Example
Title: IR Imaging of Plant Diseases
Go to Google Advance Search and Type “IR imaging plant disease”
Set File Type to Adobe Acrobat PDF (.pdf)
Search and select a paper (Let me call it Paper X)
Google
SAJJAD KHUDHUR ABBAS
Chemical Engineering , Al-Muthanna University, Iraq
Oil & Gas Safety and Health Professional – OSHACADEMY
Trainer of Trainers (TOT) - Canadian Center of Human
Development
Research Methodology Part I
Bio-statistics and Research Methodology, a three part presentation that helps unfold the mysteries of bio-statistics and research methodology
Research methodology, part i
This document provides an overview of research methodology. It defines research and lists its key characteristics as being controlled, rigorous, systematic, valid, verifiable, empirical and critical. It discusses the aims and objectives of research, noting that aims describe desired outcomes while objectives detail specific steps. The document also outlines criteria for good research including using appropriate philosophies and procedures. Upcoming sections will cover research methodology and describing methods in detail.
STATISTICS & MANAGERIAL ETHICS : OVERVIEW OF PROBLEMS AND TOTAL SOLUTIONS IN...
STATISTICS & MANAGERIAL ETHICS : OVERVIEW OF PROBLEMS AND TOTAL SOLUTIONS IN...SHAYA'A OTHMAN MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This is a Key Note Presentation entitle "STATISTICS & MANAGERIAL ETHICS : OVERVIEW OF PROBLEMS AND TOTAL SOLUTIONS" was presented at The 1st ISM International Statistical Conference (ISM-1)”, Johor Baharu, Malaysia, 4-6 September 2012, which was held at Persada International Convention Centre, Johor Baharu, Malaysia.
I have revised the presentation to include Maqasid Al Shariah as a solution to problems Managerial Ethics in Statistics. I have redefined statistics as follows:
"Statistics is a scientific method of collecting, organizing, presenting, analysing and interpreting numerical information, developed from mathematical theory of probability, within the ethical values of Maqasid al-Shariah”
STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT: INCLUDING APPLICATION OF MAQASID AL-SHARIAH AS STRATEGI...
STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT: INCLUDING APPLICATION OF MAQASID AL-SHARIAH AS STRATEGI...SHAYA'A OTHMAN MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
A complete Lecture on Strategic Management [At MBA Level], including the various option of strategies including the latest option of application of Maqasid Al-Shariah in Strategic Management.SUSTAINABLE APPROACH OF RECYCLING PALM OIL MILL EFFLUENT USING INTEGRATED BIO...
SUSTAINABLE APPROACH OF RECYCLING PALM OIL MILL EFFLUENT USING INTEGRATED BIO...SAJJAD KHUDHUR ABBAS
Wastewater treatment often incurs high non-profitable cost in an industry that reduces the company profit. The cost for wastewater treatment could be reduced either by reducing the wastewater generation or enhance the treatment efficiency. The concept of transforming waste to energy makes waste treatment seem more appealing and cost-effective.Episode 66 : Renewable Energy Technologies
Episode 66 : Renewable Energy Technologies
Currently, this is the largest source of renewable energy.
However, much of this is low-technology uses in developing countries. Presumably usage of these fuels will fall as countries grow.
Other fuels include things such as ethanol.
Is there enough farmland to grow the needed feedstocks as well as supplying necessary food supply?
Recent concerns over corn prices is an example here
Used for 16% of world electricity production.
Does not require technological breakthroughs.
However, political acceptance is an issue.
Small hydro is cost competitive
Costs of wind fell by a factor of four between 1981-1999
Wind is now competitive in favorable locations.
Now about 5-8 cents/kWh
Competitive with traditional fuels with a $25/ton CO2 tax
Study shows wind is competitive at $38/ton CO2 near Chicago, and could be situated further away with a price of $76/ton CO2.
Distance from center decreases intermittency, but increases transmission losses.
Because wind is intermittent, storage is an issue.
For instance, excess power could be used to compress air in a reservoir as storage.
Currently feasible at about $93/ton
Denmark and Norway work in tandem to provide power.
When winds are favorable, Denmark exports wind energy to Norway. When not, Norway exports hydropower to Denmark.
SAJJAD KHUDHUR ABBAS
Ceo , Founder & Head of SHacademy
Chemical Engineering , Al-Muthanna University, Iraq
Oil & Gas Safety and Health Professional – OSHACADEMY
Trainer of Trainers (TOT) - Canadian Center of Human
Development
Antimicrobial
This document discusses various types of antimicrobial finishes for textiles. It describes two aspects of antimicrobial protection: preventing pathogenic microbes and protecting the textile itself. Problems caused by microbial growth include functional, hygienic and aesthetic issues. The document then covers the mechanisms of antimicrobial finishes including controlled release and bound mechanisms. It provides examples of specific antimicrobial chemicals and finishes like triclosan, quaternary ammonium salts, organosilver, and chitosan. Fields of application include industrial, home, and medical textiles.
Episode 58 : Tools Integration Examples
Episode 58 : Tools Integration Examples
* Separation of a binary mixture of Acetone-Chloroform (Determine the optimal separation scheme)
* Separation of the mixture components from the reactor effluent stream containing the reactants and products for esterification of methanol with acetic acid (Determine a feasible separation sequence)
SAJJAD KHUDHUR ABBAS
Ceo , Founder & Head of SHacademy
Chemical Engineering , Al-Muthanna University, Iraq
Oil & Gas Safety and Health Professional – OSHACADEMY
Trainer of Trainers (TOT) - Canadian Center of Human
Development
Sustainable Approach Of Recycling Palm Oil Mill Effluent Using Integrated Bio...
Sustainable Approach Of Recycling Palm Oil Mill Effluent Using Integrated Bio...SAJJAD KHUDHUR ABBAS
In Malaysia, oil palm is a very significant crop. In the worldwide, the biggest palm oil exporter and producer is Indonesia and Malaysia is the 2nd exporter and producer. the production of crude palm oil (CPO) was increased significantly from 92,000 tonnes in year 1960 to 17.6 million tonnes in year 2009, The process to extract the palm oil needs massive and huge water quantity to sterilize the fresh fruit bunches (FFB) and clarify the extracted oil.
Episode 61 : MATERIAL BALANCE FOR REACTING SYSTEM
Episode 61 : MATERIAL BALANCE FOR REACTING SYSTEM
RATE OF CHEMICAL REACTION
participating in a chemical reaction
Stoichiometric equation of chemical reaction:
– Showing the relative number of molecules/moles of components participating in the chemical reaction
Reactants– components that react with each other in a chemical reaction
Products – components that are produced by a chemical reaction
Chemical reactor- equipment in which chemical reactions occur
SAJJAD KHUDHUR ABBAS
Ceo , Founder & Head of SHacademy
Chemical Engineering , Al-Muthanna University, Iraq
Oil & Gas Safety and Health Professional – OSHACADEMY
Trainer of Trainers (TOT) - Canadian Center of Human
Development
‘Sustainable Approach Of Recycling Palm Oil Mill Effluent Using Integrated Bi...
‘Sustainable Approach Of Recycling Palm Oil Mill Effluent Using Integrated Bi...SAJJAD KHUDHUR ABBAS
I introduce my self. My name is SAJJAD KHUDHUR, I am Master degree student chemical Engineering. Today, I am presentation the 3rd and the final presentation of my research which is titled as ‘ Sustainable approach ..‘. My supervisor and co-supervisor are Dr. Teow Yeit Haan and Prof. Abdul Wahab Mohammad. Today, I am going to speak about Palm oil, Palm oil mill effluent, environment impact, problem statement, zero waste energy, Integrated technology, tension factors, process setting, results, the decree, closer look on the product, and the conclusion.
In Malaysia, oil palm is a very significant crop. In the worldwide, the biggest palm oil exporter and producer is Indonesia and Malaysia is the 2nd exporter and producer. The production of crude palm oil (CPO) was increased significantly from 92,000 tonnes in year 1960 to 17.6 million tonnes in year 2009, The process to extract the palm oil needs massive and huge water quantity to sterilize the fresh fruit bunches (FFB) and clarify the extracted oil. Islamic Finance and Opportunities Projected to 2020
Summary of Key Note Address entitle Islamic Finance and Opportunities at 3rd International Regional Development Conference at the University of Bingol, Turkey, October 15, 2015
SUSTAINABLE APPROACH OF RECYCLING PALM OIL MILL EFFLUENT USING INTEGRATED BIO...
SUSTAINABLE APPROACH OF RECYCLING PALM OIL MILL EFFLUENT USING INTEGRATED BIO...SAJJAD KHUDHUR ABBAS
SUSTAINABLE APPROACH OF RECYCLING PALM OIL MILL EFFLUENT USING INTEGRATED BIOFILM MEMBRANE FILTRATION SYSTEM FOR INTERNAL PLANT USAGE
A biofilm is any group of microorganisms in which cells stick to each other and often these cells adhere to a surface. These adherent cells are frequently embedded within a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS).
Research Methodology Part II
The document discusses research methodology and design. It defines key concepts related to research design including dependent and independent variables, extraneous variables, control, experimental and control groups, and treatments. It also discusses research process, sampling techniques including probability and non-probability sampling, and determining sample size for quantitative and experimental studies using statistical formulas.
Episode 57 : Simulation for Design and Analysis
This document outlines the steps to design a separation process for a mixture of methyl acetate, methanol, acetic acid, and water. The steps include:
1) Analyzing the mixture components and their properties
2) Creating a binary ratio matrix to identify feasible separation techniques
3) Selecting distillation as the first separation based on ease of separation
4) Generating a process flowsheet using distillation columns
5) Verifying the flowsheet design using process simulation software.
Episode 18 : Research Methodology ( Part 8 )
Episode 18 : Research Methodology ( Part 8 )
Approach to de-synthesizing data, informational, and/or factual elements to answer research questions
Method of putting together facts and figures
to solve research problem
Systematic process of utilizing data to address research questions
Breaking down research issues through utilizing controlled data and factual information
SAJJAD KHUDHUR ABBAS
Chemical Engineering , Al-Muthanna University, Iraq
Oil & Gas Safety and Health Professional – OSHACADEMY
Trainer of Trainers (TOT) - Canadian Center of Human
Development
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The Project management plan presented here will describe the project manager’s approach and the general responsibilities of the project team. In addition to the project management plan, several other documents will be developed and used to ensure compliance with project requirements as well regulations and industry specific standards. The specific plans will include processes, flow diagrams, responsibility matrices, organizational charts, and other pertinent information to guide the project staff.
Electric cars
The first electric cars were produced in the 1880
Electric cars were popular in the late 19th century and early 20th century
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The dry berries are worthy products since it contains all the vitamins spectrum, for that reason, drying process for the food is producing valuable output. Drying process for the food is not interested in vitamins amount only, it’s about the maintenance level for minor, and macro substances (Ceylan, 2007). Drying process is removing all the interior water of the fruit and has several advantages like producing low weight product, not expensive from packing side, long life storing, and no need for cooling application during storing or transportation (Chen X. D., 2007).
There are different kind of berries, such as strawberry, black currant, raspberry, and cranberry. The objective of this project is simulating the drying process for berry fruits by using vacuum dryer.
Several industries had reported that using vacuum dryer in food manufacturing is applicable but its high cost (Giri, 2007; Clary, 2007). The hardest step in drying process is maintaining the dryer power, as well as the temperature to gain product with the required properties (Lombra, 2010). Some researchers had used integrated hot-air and vacuum dryer together, but they figured out it’s the same results as well as using vacuum dryer (Beaudry, 2004).
This drying equipment is consisting from 70 L volume of a steel cylindrical chamber. The inside pressure is 2 mbar, which is provided by the vacuum pump.
The results were satisfying the industry demand but it’s still following the material kind and the dryer power and …etc.
In conclusion, drying process is not complicated but it needs several different simulations to get the optimistic temperature for avoiding any waste of energy and time.
changing in the cake dimensions with the temperature, in order to get the highest process performance. For that, this simulation process was part from the optimization process but as we know, optimization is not stopping at any step.
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Bio-film bacteria (Biological Treatment) integrated with Membrane Technology is based on WHAT FACTORS ?
ANS:
COST EFFECTIVE
REQUIREMENTS
FLEXIBILITY
SIMPLICITY
CLOSED OR OPEN SYSTEM
N0TE: UPON our knowledge and research, There is no previous work had or have done on using integrated biofilm-Membrane.Production of 100 mt distilled monoglyceride (dmg)
Description
Glycerolysis procedure is more economical - fats are cheaper and less glycerol is required.
Fats and fatty acids are insoluble in glycerol - high temperatures are required to force the reaction to proceed.
On production scale, direct esterification and interesterification can be done continuously or batchwise.
Generally, there will be input for the process and output from the process. Here we can define what are the related variables or input-output that present in this process.
Feed stream: In this process, the feed raw material is assumed already pure, so no need to purify the feed streams.
Excess reactant: fatty acid is fed as an excess reactant and is supplied in liquid form.
Recycle and purge: There are recycle stream from glycerol and fatty acid but there are no purges from the process.
Episode 65 : Membrane separation processes
Episode 65 : Membrane separation processes
Membrane separation consists of different process operating on a variety of physical
principles and applicable to a wide range of separations of miscible components
These methods yield only a more concentrated liquid stream than feed. Membrane
separation processes have several advantages. These include :
Low energy alternative to evaporation in concentrating a dilute feed, particularly when the desired material is thermally labile or when the desired component is a clear liquid
The chemical and mechanical stresses on the product are minimal and since no phase change is involve the energy requirement is modest
Product concentration and purification can be achieved in a single step and the
selectivity towards the desired product is good
The method can easily be scaled up
In bioprocess industry, membrane separation is widely used because of the mild operating conditions and low energy requirements in the recovery of lactose from whey, separation of immiscible components such extracellular products (
e.g. proteins, enzymes etc) and biomass.
Membrane separation process cannot be used for feeds containing a high concentration of low molecular weight components because of high osmotic pressure or when the feed has high solid content(>25% w/v) because of pumping problems
SAJJAD KHUDHUR ABBAS
Ceo , Founder & Head of SHacademy
Chemical Engineering , Al-Muthanna University, Iraq
Oil & Gas Safety and Health Professional – OSHACADEMY
Trainer of Trainers (TOT) - Canadian Center of Human
Development
Episode 62 : MATERIAL BALANCE FOR REACTING SYSTEM
Episode 62 : MATERIAL BALANCE FOR REACTING SYSTEM
Many chemical reactions are irreversible and occur in one direction only, namely forward
Reversible reactions occur in both directions i.e. forward and backward
SAJJAD KHUDHUR ABBAS
Ceo , Founder & Head of SHacademy
Chemical Engineering , Al-Muthanna University, Iraq
Oil & Gas Safety and Health Professional – OSHACADEMY
Trainer of Trainers (TOT) - Canadian Center of Human
Development
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This document discusses process integration techniques for optimizing mass and energy usage within chemical processes. It focuses on heat exchange networks (HENs) which identify the optimal matching of hot and cold process streams to minimize utility usage. The document provides an example of constructing composite curves to analyze the minimum hot and cold utility requirements for a system with multiple hot and cold streams. It demonstrates how to determine the pinch temperature and minimum temperature difference between hot and cold streams using these composite curves.
Episode 59 : Introduction of Process Integration
Episode 59 : Introduction of Process Integration
Pinch Diagram and Heat Integration
Reference: Notes from course on “Modelling, design and control for process integration”, CAPEC, August 2000 (R. Dunn)
SAJJAD KHUDHUR ABBAS
Ceo , Founder & Head of SHacademy
Chemical Engineering , Al-Muthanna University, Iraq
Oil & Gas Safety and Health Professional – OSHACADEMY
Trainer of Trainers (TOT) - Canadian Center of Human
Development
Episode 56 : Simulation for design and analysis
Episode 56 : Simulation for design and analysis
Separation of an azeotropic mixture
Mixture analysis
Identification of an azeotrope.
Possible separation techniques Pressure swing. Extractive/azeotropic distillation.
Solvent identification and validation
Flowsheet configuration
SAJJAD KHUDHUR ABBAS
Ceo , Founder & Head of SHacademy
Chemical Engineering , Al-Muthanna University, Iraq
Oil & Gas Safety and Health Professional – OSHACADEMY
Trainer of Trainers (TOT) - Canadian Center of Human
Development
Episode 55 : Conceptual Process Synthesis-Design
Episode 55 : Conceptual Process Synthesis-Design
Process Flowsheet Synthesis: Method to determine a process flowsheet that satisfies all product, operational and other requirements
SAJJAD KHUDHUR ABBAS
Ceo , Founder & Head of SHacademy
Chemical Engineering , Al-Muthanna University, Iraq
Oil & Gas Safety and Health Professional – OSHACADEMY
Trainer of Trainers (TOT) - Canadian Center of Human
Development
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Episode 53 : Computer Aided Process Engineering
Episode 53 : Computer Aided Process Engineering
Lecture notes and reading material
* A lecture note covering all the lectures has been prepared (see course home-page)
* Supplementary text-books are listed
* A course home-page has been created
* All lecture and tutorial material can be downloaded from the home-page
http://www.capec.kt.dtu.dk/Courses/MSc-level-Courses/
SAJJAD KHUDHUR ABBAS
Ceo , Founder & Head of SHacademy
Chemical Engineering , Al-Muthanna University, Iraq
Oil & Gas Safety and Health Professional – OSHACADEMY
Trainer of Trainers (TOT) - Canadian Center of Human
Development
Episode 52 : Flow sheeting Case Study
Episode 52 : Flow sheeting Case Study
A Standard Test Problem for Flowsheeting
The Cavett Problem
* A typical flowsheeting problem from the petroleum industry
* The flowsheet consists of mixers and TP-flash units
* The mixture consists of ethane, propane, 1- butane, n-butane, i-pentane, n-pentane
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SAJJAD KHUDHUR ABBAS
Ceo , Founder & Head of SHacademy
Chemical Engineering , Al-Muthanna University, Iraq
Oil & Gas Safety and Health Professional – OSHACADEMY
Trainer of Trainers (TOT) - Canadian Center of Human
Development
Episode 51 : Integrated Process Simulation
Episode 51 : Integrated Process Simulation
Why Integration ?
* Consider aspects of control, environmental impact, energy, etc., early during process design
* Prevent potential problems rather than cure (which may not be possible)
SAJJAD KHUDHUR ABBAS
Ceo , Founder & Head of SHacademy
Chemical Engineering , Al-Muthanna University, Iraq
Oil & Gas Safety and Health Professional – OSHACADEMY
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Development
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3.2.3.3. Quasi-Newton (QN) Methods
These methods represent a very important class of techniques because of their extensive use in practical alqorithms. They attempt to use an approximation to the Jacobian and then update this at each step thus reducing the overall computational work.
The QN method uses an approximation Hk to the true Jacobian i and computes the step via a Newton-like iteration. That is,
SAJJAD KHUDHUR ABBAS
Ceo , Founder & Head of SHacademy
Chemical Engineering , Al-Muthanna University, Iraq
Oil & Gas Safety and Health Professional – OSHACADEMY
Trainer of Trainers (TOT) - Canadian Center of Human
Development
Episode 49 : Selectivity of Cumene Produced from Alkylation of Benzene
This document discusses the selectivity of cumene produced from the alkylation of benzene with propylene over a Lewis acid catalyst. It provides the reaction stoichiometry and kinetics, showing cumene as the main product and diisopropylbenzene as a side product. Material balances are developed for a batch reactor in liquid phase. Differential equations are derived describing the conversion of propylene and concentrations of benzene, cumene, and diisopropylbenzene over time. These equations are solved numerically to determine selectivity, defined as the mole ratio of cumene produced to propylene converted. Feed conditions of liquid benzene and a propylene stream containing propane are also stated.
Episode 48 : Computer Aided Process Engineering Simulation Problem
Episode 48 : Computer Aided Process Engineering Simulation Problem
* Identify partitions
* Identify recycle-loops
* Determine tear-streams
* Determine calculation order
SAJJAD KHUDHUR ABBAS
Ceo , Founder & Head of SHacademy
Chemical Engineering , Al-Muthanna University, Iraq
Oil & Gas Safety and Health Professional – OSHACADEMY
Trainer of Trainers (TOT) - Canadian Center of Human
Development
Episode 47 : CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF CHEMICAL PROCESSES
Episode 47 : CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF CHEMICAL PROCESSES
Chemical process design is the application of chemical engineering knowledge (chemical, physical and/or biological transformations of raw materials) into products and economics in the conceiving a chemical process plant to profitably manufacture chemicals in a reliable and safe manner without unduly affecting adversely the environment and society
Chemical process plants are by nature large capital investment projects that
are expensive to build and operate
have very long life times and
manufacture specific chemicals
Chemical process plants must be designed well to avoid large financial losses over long periods of times due to inefficient processes/poor operations
SAJJAD KHUDHUR ABBAS
Ceo , Founder & Head of SHacademy
Chemical Engineering , Al-Muthanna University, Iraq
Oil & Gas Safety and Health Professional – OSHACADEMY
Trainer of Trainers (TOT) - Canadian Center of Human
Development
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Episode 15 : Research Methodology ( Part 5 )
- 1. SAJJAD KHUDHUR ABBAS Chemical Engineering , Al-Muthanna University, Iraq Oil & Gas Safety and Health Professional – OSHACADEMY Trainer of Trainers (TOT) - Canadian Center of Human Development Episode 15 : Research Methodology ( Part 5 )
- 2. Reference Books • Ranjit Kumar. "Research Methodology" Longman, 1996 • Lindsay D. “A Guide to Scientific Writing” Longman, 1995 • Ralph Berry. “How to write a Research Paper”, Pergamon, 1986 • Gerson S J and Gerson S M. “Technical Writing Process and Product”, Prentice Hall, 1992 • Coley S M and Scheinberg C A, "Proposal Writing", Newbury Sage Publications, 1990
- 3. Is there a difference in conducting Engineering research compared to the research in other disciplines?
- 4. Differences between Research Activities in the Engineering Discipline and Others? • Engineering research are more formulative in nature. • A lot is based on mathematics. • Experiments are conducted on machines, rather than humans or animals. • Data to be collected differ significantly. • Hypotheses arrived at are largely based on mathematical proofs, rather than just an educated guess
- 5. • Experiments can be done within a shorter period of time. • Outputs in engineering research are more tangible • such as a software, a new machine or component, or even mathematical equations, etc. • Engineering research do not differ much in different regions of the world. Differences between Research Activities in the Engineering Discipline and Others?
- 6. Literature Survey I had the idea. Its’ my Patent Fool!! Should have first filed the Patent Application We have come a long way since then !!
- 7. A Literature Survey & Literature Review • Often confused and mis-quoted
- 8. Literature Survey • A literature survey is a priory study that is done before a planned research • The main focus of an academic research paper is to develop a new argument, and a research paper will contain a literature survey as one of its parts. • In a research paper, you use the literature as a foundation and as support for a new insight that you contribute.
- 9. Why do you need a Literature Survey • To make sure that you are not going to re-invent the wheel Buddy, I thought it was invented 543 years ago by our great grad pa
- 10. Why do you need a Literature Survey • To decide where to begin the research • To acquire new ideas of improving the planned research • To collect data, formulae, methodologies that can be used in the research (with proper acknowledgement) • To convince other people regarding the need for the research • To give the due credit to the prior-scientific work
- 11. Literature Survey • The summery of the literature survey is included in the research papers (outcome of the research) in the “Introduction” part without adding anything new from the researchers side.
- 15. Pay attention on how to present references: Depending on the journal
- 16. Literature Review • Walter & Brown (1967) first discovered the Magnetic resonance of fine crystals. James and Kruger (1972) invented the Magnetic resonance spectroscope. Baltimore et. al (1977) included Polaroid Mirrors to the MRS. In 1982 Kruger and Mandel improved the mirror performance with bi-prism technique. Jemuar et. Al (1989) applied MRS for identifying large protein molecules. ………. Is this a Literature Review?
- 17. • A simple chronological list is not a literature review • Even a descriptive chronological report is not a good literature Review
- 18. Literature Review • A literature review is a methodical summarizing of a selected subject where the writer finds improvements, relationships contradictions, comparisons etc. among various research work • The writer has the right to have a scholarly critisim, giving due credit to a hidden discoverer or inventor and also discuss new insights that has either not seen or not emphasized by previous researchers in their own work • A literature review itself is a research
- 19. Literature Review • Literature reviews provide you with a handy guide to a particular topic. • If you have limited time to conduct research, literature reviews can give you an overview or act as a stepping stone. • For professionals, they are useful reports that keep them up to date with what is current in the field.
- 20. • A literature review is usually organized around ideas, not the sources themselves as an annotated bibliography would be organized. • This means that you will not just simply list your sources and go into detail about each one of them, one at a time.
- 21. In a Literature Review you have to look for issues such as • Do they present one or different solutions? • Is there an aspect of the field that is missing? • How well do they present the material and do they portray it according to an appropriate theory? • Do they reveal a trend in the field? • A raging debate?
- 22. • For scholars, the depth and breadth of the literature review emphasizes the credibility of the writer in his or her field. • In a Literature Review, it will be Great, if you can predict where the knowledge is Heading at!!!! .
- 23. Thanks for Watching Please follow me / SAJJAD KHUDHUR ABBAS