This document provides guidance on writing a research proposal. It defines a proposal as a persuasive document that identifies the work to be done, why it needs to be done, and convinces the reader that the proposers are qualified. It recommends including a title, literature review, goals and objectives, research plan, expected outcomes and impact, budget, references, and information on research staff qualifications. Key sections are the literature review, which analyzes previous related work to identify opportunities, and the research plan, which outlines the approaches and timeline. The proposal should convince the reader that the proposed project adds value and that the team is capable of completing it on budget and schedule.

1. Propsal writing workshop
waste mangement research group SWSO
By ;
Ghada M. Osman
&
Maram Ali

2. CONTENTS
DENINITION
PROPOSAL LAYOUT
TERMINOLOGIES OF THE PROPOSAL

3. Definition
• A proposal, often called a "Statement of Work,” is a
persuasive document.
• Its objectives are to:
1. Identify what work is to be done
2. Explain why this work needs to be done
3. Persuade the reader that the proposers (you) are
qualified for the work, have a plausible management
plan and technical approach, and have the resources
needed to complete the task within the stated time
and cost constraints.

4. Proposal Layout
• Title
• Literature review
• Statement of goals (General & specific objectives)
• Research plan (Methodology & time table)
• Expected outcomes & impact
• Budget
• References
• Information on qualifications of staff (for example,
resumes, CVs, or biographies)

5. Title
Your Title is a mini-Abstract
The words should reflect the focus of your proposal
Put the most important words first
Write the title last

6. Literature review
The ‘action’ of literature review: Reading
published literature to…
Understand what work has been done already that is
related to your research theme, topic or idea
Identify gaps, unknowns, controversies, unexplained
findings… opportunities!
Start developing or refining your research question or
hypothesis

7. Why literature review?
Research is not about collecting data
Research is about…
Knowing about published work in your field
Doing something new in the context of that work
Presenting your work keeping that context in mind (ie,
citations)
Convincing readers that your work adds to the body of
knowledge in your field

8. Research builds on past research
Not something done in isolation
Even the most innovative research questions must be
set in the context of past research and discoveries

9. Understand terminologies:
Examples:
Output : the expected results
Outcome: immediate effect (use of the results in our
research)
Impact: long term effects

10. Doing ground work
• Review the literature on work related to yours. Be
prepared to cite it.
• Start developing a persuasive explanation of why the
proposed project is valuable.
• If your proposal will be for research, formulate one or
more well-defined, potentially productive hypotheses
or research questions. Beware of proposing a project
that is unrealistically large.

11. Goals and Objectives

12. Research Plan
The approaches and methods that will be used in the
project
Time-line for the project

13. Outcome
The expected immediate effects of the research
project
Impact
• The expected long term effect of the research
project

14. Budget
•It is the financial statement of the project
(costs)
Present the budget as a table, with rows and
columns using MS Excel or other spreadsheet
software
•Label the rows and column headings clearly
the budget table should table be accurate &
clearly stated

15. References
References used : Books, websites, reviews,.....
Should include citation of past researches and
methods used in the project.
Free referencing software e.g Mendely, EndNote,...

16. Research Staff
Establish team qualification for the project and
specific skills and experiences relative to the research.

17. Lecture references
Grant Proposal writing online course, INASP
foundation
Research proposal lecture, Dr. Nashwa Eassa
Photos, google images

18. Thank you
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons
Attribution ShareAlike 4.0 International licence.