Enteric nerve regeneration for Hirchsprung disease
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Hirchsprung's disease is a congenital disorder where ganglion cells are absent from the colon, causing constipation. Current treatments involve removing the affected part of the intestine. Tissue engineering may provide an alternative approach by using biomaterials and cell transplantation to regenerate the enteric nervous system. However, there are risks that the regenerated tissue may not function properly, as the process of generating fully functional nervous tissue from stem cells remains a significant challenge.
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The nervous system controls and coordinates voluntary and involuntary activities through sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons. It enables functions like learning, memory, and processing stimuli via reflexes. The brain, protected by the skull and meninges, consumes a large portion of the body's energy. It contains structures like the cerebrum for conscious thought and the spinal cord for reflexes below the neck. The nervous system transmits signals through nerves and the spinal cord to allow for coordinated responses in the body.
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This document summarizes key concepts related to perception and the peripheral nervous system. It discusses perception as the process of organizing and interpreting sensations to recognize meaningful objects and events. It outlines Weber's law and Gestalt laws of perception, including similarity, simplicity, proximity, continuity, and closure. The peripheral nervous system connects the central nervous system to organs and limbs, and consists of the somatic and autonomic nervous systems. The somatic system controls voluntary muscle movement, while the autonomic system regulates involuntary functions like heart rate and digestion.
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The document provides an overview of the physiology of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). It discusses the history and definitions of the ANS, as well as the anatomy and functions of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. Specifically, it describes how the sympathetic nervous system is involved in the "fight or flight" response while the parasympathetic nervous system governs "rest and digest" functions. It also summarizes the autonomic innervation of the heart.
ENTERIC NERVOUS SYSTEM.pptx
The gastrointestinal tract has its own nervous system called the enteric nervous system. It contains around 100 million neurons located in the gut wall. This system controls gastrointestinal movements and secretion. It contains two main plexuses - the myenteric plexus between the gut muscles and the submucosal plexus in the submucosa. The myenteric plexus mainly controls movements while the submucosal plexus controls secretion and blood flow. The enteric nervous system communicates with the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems to regulate gastrointestinal functions.
Nervous system1
The document provides information about the nervous system, including its main divisions and components. It discusses the central nervous system (CNS), which includes the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system (PNS), which connects the CNS to muscles, glands, and sensory receptors. It describes the development of the brain from early embryonic stages. It also summarizes the anatomy and histology of the spinal cord, including its gray and white matter, dorsal and ventral horns, tracts, and central canal. Additionally, it discusses the meninges, spinal nerves and ganglia, and reflex arcs in the somatic and autonomic nervous systems.
vagusnerve1-181031072238.pptx
The vagus nerve is the 10th cranial nerve that passes through the head and neck. It is the longest nerve of the parasympathetic nervous system. The vagus nerve emerges from the medulla, passes through the jugular foramen, and descends in the neck giving off several branches that supply structures in the head and neck like the pharynx, larynx, outer ear, and meninges. It is a mixed nerve responsible for motor, sensory, and parasympathetic functions. Injuries and irritation of its branches can cause issues like hoarseness, cough, or dysphagia.
Neurological sysyem
The nervous system controls and coordinates the functions of all other body systems in response to external stimuli. It is divided into the central nervous system (CNS), which includes the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system (PNS), which includes nerves emerging from the CNS. The PNS is further divided into the somatic nervous system, which controls voluntary functions, and the autonomic nervous system, which controls involuntary functions like digestion. The autonomic system includes the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems, which work in opposition to prepare the body for "fight or flight" responses or rest. Together these systems maintain homeostasis to keep the body's internal environment stable.
Vegetative nervous system
The document discusses the autonomic nervous system and its two divisions - the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems. It describes:
- The autonomic nervous system controls visceral functions like heart rate and digestion. It is divided into the parasympathetic and sympathetic systems.
- The parasympathetic system works to conserve energy and support restorative functions like digestion. The sympathetic system prepares the body for "fight or flight" through increased heart rate and blood flow to muscles.
- Both systems contain a two-neuron chain with a preganglionic and postganglionic neuron. The parasympathetic division generally causes stimulation of functions while the sympathetic division generally causes inhibition.
Autonomic nervous system.pptx
The nervous system controls and coordinates the activities of the body. It has both voluntary and involuntary functions. The autonomic nervous system regulates involuntary functions like heart rate and digestion. It has two divisions - the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems which generally have opposing effects on organs. The sympathetic system prepares the body for fight or flight while the parasympathetic maintains normal functions. Dysfunctions of the autonomic nervous system can cause issues like high blood pressure, digestive problems, and more.
Autonomic nervous system.pptx
The nervous system controls and coordinates the activities of the body. It has both voluntary and involuntary functions. The autonomic nervous system regulates involuntary functions like heart rate and digestion. It has two divisions - the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems which generally have opposing effects on organs. The sympathetic system prepares the body for fight or flight while the parasympathetic maintains normal functions. Dysfunctions of the autonomic nervous system can cause issues like high blood pressure, digestive problems, and more.
Similar to Enteric nerve regeneration for Hirchsprung disease (20)
THE NEUROLOGICAL SYSTEM : CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS
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This document discusses controlling microbial growth through various methods. It covers culturing bacteria and fungi in the laboratory, including using selective and enriched media. It also discusses factors that affect microbial growth, different types of microorganisms, and methods for inhibiting microbial growth such as sterilization techniques. The document notes controversies around using antimicrobial agents in animal feed and household products.
Why study biotechnology?
This document discusses the benefits of studying plant and animal cell engineering. It argues that this field can solve problems with overpopulation and underpopulation by growing food and organs. It also claims cell engineering can improve public health, lengthen lives, protect the environment, and bring back extinct species. However, it notes there are also ethical issues regarding who controls this technology and information. It discusses using cells for organ regeneration, drug production, and as bioreactors. While cloning cells could provide body parts and insurance, it raises bioethical concerns that must be addressed.
Introduction to Research Methodology
This document provides an overview and guidance for writing a thesis. It discusses what constitutes a thesis, including telling a scientific story and transforming scientific work into a report. It emphasizes that a thesis is not a biography. The document recommends that a thesis should take between 2 months to a semester to complete and be between 70-100 pages. It provides tips for outlining a thesis, including its typical structure of introduction, literature review, methodology, and conclusion sections. The document also offers guidance on developing a title, conducting research, and revising the introduction to define the research problem and objectives.
Reviewing human health water quality criteria and methods of discharging toxins
This document summarizes a presentation on reviewing human health water quality criteria and methods for discharging toxins in Malaysia. It discusses several topics:
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- A case study of pollution near a factory in Jenjarom, Malaysia, which found high levels of toxins in factory workers and nearby residents.
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Collagen and cancellation of skin contraction
Collagen is the most ubiquitous protein in animals and has been used widely in cosmetics and tissue engineering. During wound healing, there are two types of repair - regeneration and repair through contraction and scar formation. Contraction occurs when wound closure involves the formation of collagen bundles that result in inferior scar tissue compared to normal skin. Cancellation of skin contraction during wound healing can be achieved through collagen scaffolds that have the appropriate pore size, degradation rate, and surface chemistry to promote regeneration instead of scarring. Understanding the role of myofibroblasts involved in contraction is also important to reducing scarring.
Enteric nerve regeneration for hirchsprung disease 27.3.2018
Emerging rules for organ regeneration, examples from skin and nerve regeneration and works by Prof. Yannas.
Enteric nerve regeneration for hirchsprung disease
The documents discuss regenerating the enteric nervous system for Hirschsprung's disease using tissue engineering approaches. Key points include:
- Hirschsprung's disease results from the absence of ganglion cells in parts of the colon, causing constipation. Current interventions include surgically removing or reconstructing parts of the intestine.
- Tissue engineering uses biomaterials and cells to try to regenerate the enteric nervous system. Studies have seeded collagen scaffolds with smooth muscle cells in animal models, finding the scaffolds degraded and some regeneration of epithelial and muscle layers, but lack of nerve formation.
- Improving this approach requires optimizing the scaffold material and pore structure, using additional cell types like gl
HYDROGELS FOR WOUND HEALING AND TISSUE ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS
This document summarizes research on hydrogels and their applications in tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and wound healing. It describes several key findings:
1) Hydrogels from konjac glucomannan were shown to stimulate proliferation of fibroblasts and keratinocytes in a concentration-dependent manner and support their metabolic activity.
2) Crosslinking konjac glucomannan formed hydrogels that maintained viability of fibroblasts and keratinocytes. The hydrogels inhibited contraction and promoted re-epithelialization in a human tissue engineered skin model.
3) Analysis found the hydrogels modulated water content and interactions to influence cell-matrix interactions important for wound healing and tissue regeneration applications.
NATURE BASED SOLUTIONS FOR CLIMATE CHANGE AND WATER CHALLENGES
This presentation has been prepared as part of an effort by IIUM, UTM and MIT (D lab) in Nature based Solutions (NbS) and plan for future work to advance this concept and support effective implementation of NbS to enhance ecosystem services provision and address societal challenges such as displacement, gentrification, inequality, access to clean safe water and food justice.
Biocompatibility
Biocompatibility refers to the ability of a material to perform its intended function with an appropriate host response in a specific application. It is not a single event but rather involves different interdependent mechanisms of interaction between the material and tissue. Additionally, biocompatibility implies that a material performs its function depending on its intrinsic properties and interaction with tissues, and results in an appropriate host response rather than no response at all. The degree of biocompatibility depends on both the material and tissue used in a specific application.
HOLISTIC APPROACH FOR SUSTAINABLE WATER MANAGEMENT IN MALAYSIA
The moral argument and ethical challenges and framework for sustainability through holistic water management in Malaysia. Should we confine to standard approach that only measures cost benefit analysis of social policies to serve the majority of the public and deprive basic rights (water, food, air and life) of the indigenous and rural communities.This lecture combines technical approaches in sustainable water management and philosophical views - to address problems and challenges in climate change and global warming.
HOLISTIC APPROACH FOR SUSTAINABLE WATER MANAGEMENT IN MALAYSIA
The moral argument and ethical challenges and framework for sustainability through holistic water management in Malaysia. Should we confine to standard approach that only measures cost benefit analysis of social policies to serve the majority of the public and deprive basic rights (water, food, air and life) of the indigenous and rural communities.This lecture combines technical approaches in sustainable water management and philosophical views - to address problems and challenges in climate change and global warming.
Intestinal regeneration biology approach
This document discusses intestinal regeneration biology and approaches. It covers:
1. The tissue layers of the gastrointestinal tract and intestinal development from birth to adulthood.
2. Sources of smooth muscle and neuronal stem cells including bone marrow, muscle tissue, and enteric nervous system.
3. Differences between stem and progenitor cells and how regenerative organogenesis occurs in the adult intestine through mucosal development and crypt differentiation.
Nervous system injury and regeneration
This document discusses nervous system injury and regeneration strategies. It describes how the nervous system is divided into the central and peripheral systems. Injury can occur via different factors and disrupts communication between neurons. In the central nervous system, axons do not regenerate naturally due to inhibitors at injury sites. Tissue engineering strategies aim to use guidance channels, cell recovery, drug delivery, and electrical stimulation to promote regeneration, especially by transforming glial cells into neurons using genetic modification in mice models. Advances in developmental biology and tissue engineering principles can mimic cues to direct neural tissue regeneration.
Low Impact Development
Low impact development (LID) designs aim to reduce the environmental impact of urban planning by trapping stormwater runoff from impervious surfaces. Examples of LID designs in cities include improvements to parking lots in Seattle to trap runoff and urban planning in Idaho and Oregon. Other cities can learn from LID designs used in various US cities to address climate impacts through urban planning.
Animal cell culture and methodologies
Mammalian cell culture was first developed in the early 20th century and has since enabled significant advances in research areas like drug development. Proper aseptic technique and regular maintenance are required to prevent contamination and allow cells to grow healthily. Contamination can occur chemically from unwanted substances or microbially from bacteria, fungi, viruses, and mycoplasma. Strict adherence to safety policies and prevention of cross-contamination between cell lines are important to ensure sterile conditions and validate experimental results.
Literature review - Research Methodology
This document provides general guidelines for writing a literature review, including introducing the major research topic, selecting the most relevant research to the topic being studied, covering research related to all variables, and planning the structure of the literature review before writing. Key points are to introduce the topic, focus on the most pertinent studies, and ensure all aspects of the research question are addressed through the included studies. The review is meant to use prior work to establish the importance of the research question.
Water Quality and System in Environmental Engineering
This document provides an overview of key concepts related to water quality parameters and perspectives. It discusses the following key points in 3 sentences:
- Only 3% of the total water on Earth is fresh water that is consumable for human use, and less than 0.003% of total water is accessible to humans in an unpolluted state. Water sustainability is essential to human civilization and development. Various human activities contribute to water contamination through the hydrologic cycle.
- Chemical parameters related to water quality include total suspended solids, alkalinity, hardness, metals, nutrients, and other factors. The chemical properties of water are determined by the dissolution of substances and the formation of ions, and concepts like moles,
Underground and Well water
This document discusses different water distribution systems used in dry regions, including qanats which were used in Oman. Qanats are underground channels that transport water from an aquifer to the surface in a sloped, gravity-fed manner. The document also mentions the importance of integrating natural water systems with engineering to provide drinking water to populations and ensuring sufficient water quality for aquatic life.
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Eric Nizeyimana's document 2006 from gicumbi to ttc nyamata handball play
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Enteric nerve regeneration for Hirchsprung disease
- 1. ENTERIC NERVE REGENERATION FOR HIRCHSPRUNG DISEASE MUNIRA SHAHBUDDIN MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY IAP 2018
- 2. NERVOUS SYSTEM The nervous system is a complex network of nerves and cells that carry messages to and from the brain and spinal cord to various parts of the body. The nervous system includes both the Central nervous system and Peripheral nervous system.
- 3. The enteric nervous system (ENS) or intrinsic nervous system is one of the main divisions of the autonomic nervous system and consists of a mesh-like system of neurons that governs the function of the gastrointestinal tract. ENTERIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
- 4. GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM The GI tract is a series of hollow organs joined in a long, twisting tube from the mouth to the anus. The hollow organs that make up the GI tract are the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus.
- 5. HIRCHSPRUNG DISEASE Hirchsprung's disease is a congenital disorder of the colon in which certain nerve cells, known as ganglion cells, are absent, causing chronic constipation.
- 6. CURRENT INTERVENTIONS FOR HIRCHSPRUNG DISEASE Removal of agangliosection of the intestine Reconstruction of intestine
- 7. CAN TISSUE ENGINEERING BE APPLIED FOR HIRSHSPRUNG’S PATIENTS? 1. Biomaterials 2. Cell and Tissue Engineering approach
- 8. CELL AND TISSUE ENGINEERING APPROACH From lab to organ approach
- 9. RISKS AND FUTURE OF TISSUE ENGINEERING FOR ENTERIC NERVOUS • Risks associated with the performance of the final product. There are risks that the regeneration process may not yield tissue with adequate mechanical or physical properties, which could result in life- threatening situations, for example with tissue-engineered blood vessels or valves.