Environmental Engineering

1. Reviewing Human Health Water
Quality Criteria and Methods for
Discharging Toxins in Malaysia
Munira Shahbuddin Ph.d
Kulliyyah of Engineering
International Islamic University of Malaysia

2. Understanding the Issues
Human Health
Water Quality
Methods for Discharging
Toxins

3. Clean water = Good Health

4. State of Water Resources in
Malaysia

5. Sg. Selangor,
29 September 2018

6. Sg. Selangor,
29 September 2018

7. Sg. Selangor,
29 September 2018

8. Sg. Selangor,
29 September 2018

9. Sg. Selangor,
29 September 2018

11. Factors that contribute
to river pollution in
malaysia
• Habit
• Population
• Activities
• Chemical
Discharge
• Heat
• Rain
• Discharge
Sewage
Natural
causes
HumanIndustry

12. Eutrophication
Agriculture
Sewage
Household
and
Industrial
Discharge
Algal bloom at Varsiti Lake,
Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur

13. Eutrophication
Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur

14. STP
Eateries
Institutional
Industrial
Workshop
Squatters
Wet Market
Carwash
Residential
Landfill
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Percentage of Pollutant Contribution Collected from Various
Locations in Kuala Lumpur
Data: River of Life 2014

15. SEWERAGE
Contributes to 52% of
pollutants in Kuala Lumpur
rivers with the remaining
are from other sources
(food, industries, etc)

17. Sample ID Results
mg/kg
1 Student SMK Jenjarom age 17, Male 0.68
2 Student SMK Jenarom age 15, Male 3.36
3 Nearby factory workers (-140 m away) age 50, Male 2.82
4 Nearby factory worker (-140 m away) age 41, Male 1.4
5 Factory worker working period – 2 years, age 25, Male 403
6 Factory worker working period – 2 years, age 41, Male 3190
7 Factory worker working period – 1 year, age 23, Male 68.4
8 Student SMK Jenjarom age 15, Female 4.55
9 Resident A, nearby factory <200 m Age 37, Female 29.7
10 Resident B, nearby factory <200 m age 22, Female 23.6Prof. Maketab Mohamed

18. Is there such thing as “safe”
limit for toxic discharge?

19. Sg. Kim Kim, Johor
2012 2017
Email : zakizainudin@gmail.com
Facebook : www.facebook.com/zakizainudin

20. Water Quality
vs
Load Concentration

21. Water
Quality
• National Water Quality
Standards (NWQS)
• Effluent Standards (Discharge
Standards)
• Marine Water Quality
Standards (MWQCS)
• National Lake Water Quality
Standards (NLWQS)
• Water Supply and Drinking
Water Quality Standards
Is physical, chemical
and biological
characteristics based
on different set of
parameters

22. Total Maximum
Daily Loading
A Total Maximum Daily
Load (TMDL) is a regulatory term
in the U.S. Clean Water Act,
describing a plan for restoring
impaired waters that identifies
the maximum amount of a
pollutant that a body of water can
receive while still meeting water
quality standards

23. Concentration : 0.01 ppm Concentration : 0.01 ppm

24. THE CASE OF SUNGAI SEPETANG

25. Sungai Sepetang,
perak, west malaysia
Kuala Sepetang Mangrove Park is part of the Matang
Mangrove Forest Reserve and is well known internationally as
a mangrove conservation area. It is fame for the best managed
mangrove forest
Picture from Adventoro.com – Eagle spotted in Kuala Sepetang

26. COMPLIANCE OF THE
EFFLUENT
DISCHARGE
(CONCENTRATION)
VERSUS THE IMPACT
ON THE RIVER - THE
CASE OF SG
SEPETANG

27. Sources of
pollution
Shrimp farming Latex industry

28. Concentration vs load
The present companies comply with the
discharge concentration determined by
the water bodies.
This however does not consider
the cumulative (or additive) impacts of
the industrial and domestic wastewater
being discharged into a single watershed.
The absence of a water quality model
makes it very difficult to reach the target
for a cleaner a river classification Class I
or II

29. Thank you
for your
attention