This document discusses different water distribution systems used in dry regions, including qanats which were used in Oman. Qanats are underground channels that transport water from an aquifer to the surface in a sloped, gravity-fed manner. The document also mentions the importance of integrating natural water systems with engineering to provide drinking water to populations and ensuring sufficient water quality for aquatic life.

1. UNDERGROUND WATER
AND WELLS
DR. MUNIRA SHAHBUDDIN
INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC
UNIVERSITY OF MALAYSIA

2. WATER
PURIFICATION AND
DISTRIBUTION
SYSTEM
INTEGRATION BETWEEN NATURAL
PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEM AND
ENGINEERING.
Percentage of the population served by
drinking water system source

3. QANAT – WADHI
WATER
DISTRIBUTION
SYSTEM
Oman is one of the driest place on earth
and receive only 20% of the Malaysia’s
total rainfall annually.

4. QANAT – WATER
SYSTEM IN OMAN

5. Reference:
http://www.geo.brown.edu/research/Hydrology/ge58_IntrodHydrology/ge58_index.htm

6. THE AIR FLOW IN QANAT SYSTEM –
ADAPTED FROM SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN

8. SALMON FISHING IN
YAMEN
Understanding the
importance of water
quality for specific
aquatics and engineering
system.