Pakistan relies on both non-renewable and renewable resources for power generation. Non-renewable resources include coal, natural gas, crude oil, and liquefied petroleum gas. Coal is extracted through both surface mining and underground mining, and is used primarily for power generation as well as industries like cement, brick kilns and steel production. Natural gas and crude oil are extracted through drilling and are used for power generation, transportation fuel, and industrial processes. Electricity in Pakistan is generated by public sector utilities like WAPDA and K-Electric, as well as independent power producers. However, generation still falls short of demand, resulting in regular load shedding across the country.

1. Power resources in Pakistan
Non renewable resources

2. Non renewable Resources
Coal
Modes of extraction
uses
Modes of
transportation
locations
types
•Open Cast
•Adit
•Shaft
-Power generation
-Domestic heating & cooking
-Industries
*Iron and Steel – to make it into
coke
*Brick kilns
Ceramic industry
Locomotive Engine
Gasification of Coal
-Donkey carts
-Railways
-Trucks
Lower Sindh:
-Lakhra
-Jhimpir
-Tharparker
-Sonda-thatta
Quetta Coal
Province
-Khost
-Shahrig
-Harnai
Potwar and Salt
Range
-Makerwal
-Dandot
-Pidh
•Peat
•Lignite
•Bituminous

3. Natural
Gas
Modes of extraction
uses
Modes of transportation
locations
types
•Drilling
•Pumping
For both
derricks are
used
•Transportation- as fuel
•Domestic-for cooking and
heating
•Industrial uses- as raw
material in fertilizer industry
• pipelines
•Cylinders
•Comparison of
cylinder with
pipelines
• CNG
•LPG
Potwar plateau:
•Meyal
•Dhurnal
Upper Sindh
•Mari
•Khairpur
Balochistan:
•Sui
•Pirkoh

4. Natural /
Crude oil
Modes of
extraction
uses
Modes of transportation
locations
types
• Dripping
•Drilling
•pumping
• source of power
-thermal electricity
-for heating
•As lubricant for machines
•As an indispensable motor fuel---
petrol for cars and Air crafts
Diesel –for buses ,rail engines and
trucks
• Crude oil
•Refined oil
Uses of by products:
Paraffin
Wax
Plastics
Synthetic rubber
Detergents
Insecticides
Pharmaceutical products
Furnace oil
Refineries
Lower Sindh:
•Lagari
•Mazari
•Khaskheli
•Tando Adam
Potwar plateau:
•Tut
•Adhi
•Dharnal
•Joya Mir
•Tanker ships
•Tanker
•pipelines
Karachi:
•National
• Pak Arab
Potwar:
•Attock oil refinery

5. Electricity profile in Pakistan
• Electricity in Pakistan is generated, transmitted,
distributed, and retail supplied by two vertically
integrated public sector utilities:
• Water and Power Development
Authority (WAPDA) for all of Pakistan
(except Karachi), and the Karachi Electric (K-
Electric) for the city of Karachi and its
surrounding areas. There are around 42
independent power producers (IPPs) that
contribute significantly in electricity generation
in Pakistan.

6. Improvements
• Electricity generation has increased by 3.18% in 2015 as
a result of Government of Pakistan (GoP) efforts
and China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). The
country has begun diversifying its energy producing
capacity by investing in coal, nuclear energy, solar energy
and wind energy to help offset the energy shortage while
larger projects greater than 1000 MW such as the
• Diamer-Bhasha Dam, Kohala Hydropower
Project, Pakistan Port Qasim Power Project, Sahiwal Coal
Power Project, Thar Engro Coal Power Project, Hub Coal
Power Project and new nuclear plants are now under
construction or planned.

7. Installed capacity
• Electricity – total installed capacity: 25,100
MW (2015)
• Electricity – Sources (2014)
– fossil fuel – 14,635 MW – 64.2% of total(oil-35.2%
+ gas-29%)
– hydro – 6,611 MW – 29% of total
– nuclear – 1,322 MW – 5.8% of total
– average demand-17,000 MW
– shortfall-between 5,000 MW and 6,000 MW

8. Four major power producers in
country
• Water and power development
authority (WAPDA)
• Karachi electric (K-Electric)
• Independent power producers
(IPPs)
• Pakistan Atomic Energy
Commission (PAEC).

9. Electricity generation share

10. 1. Atlas Power, Sheikhupura District 225 MW
2. Attock Gen Limited, Morgah, Rawalpindi
District 165 MW
3. DHA Cogen Limited, Karachi, Karachi South
District 94 MW
4. Engro Powergen Qadirpur Limited (Formerly
Engro Energy (Pvt.) Limited), Ghotki, Ghotki
District, Sindh 226.5 MW
5. Fauji Kabirwala Power Company Limited
(FKPCL), Kabirwala, District Khanewal 157 MW
6. Gul Ahmad Energy Limited (GAEL), Korangi
District, Karachi 136 MW
7. Habibullah Coastal Power Company (HCPC)
(Pvt.) Limited, Quetta, Balochistan 140 MW
8. Nishat Power Limited 200 MW
9. Tapal Energy Limited, Karachi 126 MW

11. Energy consumption by sector

12. How electricity gets to us

14. How is coal converted into electricity?
• Steam coal, also known as thermal coal, is used in power
stations to generate electricity.
• Coal is first milled to a fine powder, which increases the
surface area and allows it to burn more quickly. In these
pulverised coal combustion (PCC) systems, the powdered coal
is blown into the combustion chamber of a boiler where it is
burnt at high temperature.
• The hot gases and heat energy produced converts water – in
tubes lining the boiler into steam.

15. •The high pressure steam is passed into a turbine containing
thousands of propeller-like blades.
•The steam pushes these blades causing the turbine shaft to
rotate at high speed. A generator is mounted at one end of
the turbine shaft and consists of carefully wound wire coils.
Electricity is generated when these are rapidly rotated in a
strong magnetic field. After passing through the turbine, the
steam is condensed and returned to the boiler to be heated
once again.
•The electricity generated is transformed into the higher
voltages (up to 400,000 volts) used for economic, efficient
transmission via power line grids. When it nears the point of
consumption, such as our homes, the electricity is
transformed down to the safer 100-250 voltage systems used
in the domestic market.

16. Inside the thermal power plant

17. WAPDA HYDEL
• Tarbela Dam, Tarbela, Haripur District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) 3478 MW
• Mangla Dam, Mangla, Mirpur District, Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK) 1000 MW
• Ghazi-Barotha Hydropower Project, Attock, Attock District, Punjab 1450 MW
• Warsak Dam, Peshawar, Peshawar District, KPK 243 MW
• Chashma Barrage, Chashma, Mianwali District, Punjab 184 MW
• Rasul Barrage, Punjab 22 MW
• Dargai Hydropower Plant, Dargai, Malakand District, KPK 20 MW
• Gomal Zam Dam, Khjori Kach, South Waziristan Agency, Federally Administered
Tribal Areas (FATA) 17 MW
• Nandipur Hydropower Plant, Gujranwala, Gujranwala District, Punjab 14 MW
• Shadiwal Hydropower Plant, Shadiwal, Gujrat District, Punjab 13.5 MW
• Kurram Garhi Hydropower Plant, Kurram Garhi, Bannu, Bannu District, KPK 4 MW
• Renala Khurd Hydropower Plant, Renala Khurd, Okara District, Punjab 1 MW
• Chitral Hydropower Plant, Chitral, Chitral District, KPK 1 MW
• Total Hydel 6,823 MW

18. WAPDA THERMAL
• Guddu Thermal Power Plant, Guddu, Sindh 1655 MW
• Muzaffargarh Thermal Power Plant, Muzaffargarh, Muzaffargarh District, Punjab
1350 MW
• Jamshoro Thermal Power Plant, Jamshoro, Jamshoro District, Sindh 850 MW
• Faisalabad Gas Turbine Power Plant, Faisalabad, Faisalabad District, Punjab 244
MW
• Multan Gas Turbine Power Plant, Multan, Multan District, Punjab 195 MW
• Kotri Gas Turbine Power Plant, Kotri, Jamshoro District, Sindh 174 MW
• Larkana Thermal Power Plant, Larkana, Larkana District, Sindh 150 MW
• Faisalabad Steam Power Plant, Faisalabad, Faisalabad District, Punjab 132 MW
• Shahdra Gas Turbine Power Plant, Shahdra, Lahore, Lahore District, Punjab 59 MW
• Panjgur Gas Turbine Power Plant, Panjgur, Panjgur District, Balochistan 39 MW
• Quetta Thermal Power Plant, Quetta, Quetta District, Balochistan 35 MW
• Pasni Thermal Power Plant, Pasni, Gwadar District, Balochistan 17 MW
• Total Thermal 4811 MW

19. K-Electric
• Korangi Power Complex, Combined Cycle Power
Plant (KPC) 247 MW
• Korangi Gas Turbine Power Station, Korangi
(KGTPS) 100 MW
• Gas Turbine Power Station, SITE (STGTPS) 100
MW
• Thermal Power Station, Bin Qasim (BQPS-I) 1260
MW
• Combined Cycle Power Plant (BQPS-II) 560 MW
• Combined Cycle Power Plant (BQPS-III)
Construction Initiated 900 MW
• K-Electric total generation capacity is 1756 MW.

20. Korangi thermal power
plant
Bin Qasim

21. Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission
• KANUPP 137 MW
• CHASNUPP-1 325 MW
• CHASNUPP-2 325 MW
• CHASNUPP-3 340 MW
• Total electricity generated from
PAEC is 1127 MW.

22. Pakistan Electric Power Company
(PEPCO)
• Nandipur Power Project 425 MW
]

23. National Grid System

24. Solar Energy
• Quaid-e-Azam Solar Park, Bahawalpur,
Bahawalpur District, Punjab 100 MW

25. Wind Energy
• Yunus Energy Limited, Jhimpir, Sindh 50 MW
• Metro Wind Power Co Limited, Jhimpir, Sindh 50 MW
• Tenaga Generai Limited, Gharo, Sindh 49 MW
• Gul Ahmed Wind Power Limited, Jhimpir, Sindh 50 MW
• Master Wind Energy Limited, Jhimpir, Sindh 52 MW
• FFC Energy Limited, Jhimpir, Sindh 50 MW
• Zorlu Enerji Pakistan, Jhimpir, Sindh 56 MW
• Tapal Wind Energy Limited, Jhimpir, Sindh 30 MW
• Hydro China Dawood Power Limited, Gharo, Sindh 49 MW
• Foundation Wind Energy-I Limited, Gharo, Sindh 50 MW
• Foundation Wind Energy-II Private Limited, Gharo, Sindh 50
MW
The total power generation capacity of Pakistan is 21,143 MW
and the electricity demand (as of April 2010) is 14,500 MW
and PEPCO is merely generating 10,000 MW.

26. Problems faced by thermal plants