The document provides an overview of Pakistan's energy sector. It notes that energy is a key determinant of economic development. Pakistan's total energy consumption in 2009-10 was 63.1 million tons of oil equivalent. The majority of Pakistan's energy comes from natural gas and oil. However, there is a push to increase the use of domestic coal, hydropower, and renewables. Key challenges facing Pakistan's energy sector include a growing demand, reliance on imported fuels, underdevelopment of domestic resources, and poor governance. Addressing these issues through integrated energy planning and developing indigenous energy sources is seen as important for Pakistan's economic growth.

1. Energy Sector of Pakistan: An
Overview

2. Energy
• Key Determinant of Economic Development
• Uninterrupted and affordable supply of energy for accelerated
growth
• An important economic indicator
• Developing world and energy demand
• Pakistan’s energy demand

4. Global Energy Consumption
Mix

5. Pakistan’s Energy Consumption
Mix

6. Pakistan’s Energy Consumption
Mix
• Pakistan’s total energy consumption stood at 63.1 MTOE
(Million Tons of Oil Equivalent) in FY2009-10
• Transformation from oil to natural gas
Increasing oil prices
Exploration of gas and coal
• Increase in foreign reserves

7. Annual Energy Consumption

8. Annual Energy Consumption
2009-10

9. Sector wise Consumption of Petroleum
Products (000 Tons)

10. Sector wise Consumption of Gas (BCFT)

11. Natural Gas Consumption 2009-10

12. Consumption of Electricity by Sectors

13. Consumption of Electricity 2009-10

14. Sector wise Consumption of Coal (Percentage Share)

15. Sector wise Energy Consumption 2009-
10

16. Increase in Consumption of
Energy (Sector wise)
• From period FY 2009-10 to FY 2010-11
• Petroleum Products: Industrial (22.5%)
Government (19.7%)
• Gas: Transportation (14.3%)
• Coal: Cement (3.1%)
• Electricity: Household (3.8%)
Commercial (1.9%)
Industrial (7.3%)
Government (4.1%)

17. Per Capita Energy
Availability (TOE)

18. Annual Energy Supply

19. Crude Oil Supply
• The balance recoverable reserve of crude oil in Pakistan is
estimated at 280.647 million barrels.
• Oil producing fields: Dhullian, Joya Mir, Balkassar, Khaur,
Karsal, Tut, Mayal, Sarang etc.
Average Crude Oil Overall Production
Production Per Day (Million Barrels)
July-March 65245.69 Barrels 17.88
2009-10
July-March 65,996.50 Barrels 18.08
2010-11
1.15%

20. Oil Supply and Consumption 2009-10

21. Natural Gas Supply
• Energy Security Action Plan of Planning Commission
forecasted shortfall in gas supplies

22. Natural Gas Supply
• The balance recoverable reserve of natural
gas is estimated at 26.62 Trillion Cubic Feet.
• Gas Fields: Sui, Uch, Khairpur, Khankot,
Jaccobabad, Mehal, Dhullian, etc.
Average Production Overall Production
Per Day (MCF) (Million Cubic Feet)
July-March 4,048.76 1,109,360.24
2009-10
July-March 4050.84 1,109,930.16
2010-11
0.05%

23. Liquefied Petroleum Gas
(LPG)
• Contributes about 0.6% of the country’s total
energy supply mix
• To impede the deforestation process
• Use of LPG in Automotives under Safety
Framework of OGRA
• Increase in import of LPG by 37 % relative
to last year (July-March 2009-10)

24. Compressed Natural Gas
(CNG)
• Promotion of CNG
Expensive imported fuel
Ambient air quality
• Pakistan: the largest CNG using country
• CNG Stations: 3,329
• CNG Vehicles: 2.5 million

25. Coal Supply
• Reserves estimated at 185 billion Tons
• Gas Fields: Thar, Makarwal, Khushab,
Khewara, Dandot, Pidh etc.
• Supply of Coal during July-March 2010-11
increased by 10.3% compared to
corresponding period of last fiscal year.
• Approximately 67% coal is imported due to
under exploitation of indigenous coal
resources and low quality coal issue (esp. of
salt mine ranges coal)

26. Electricity Supply
• Sources of Electricity: Hydel, Thermal (gas/ steam/ furnace
oil) and Nuclear
• Major Power Producers: WAPDA, KESC, IPPs, PAEC
• Power generation capacity of Pakistan (including all sources)
is 20,681 MW (March 2010).
• Total electricity demand is 15,500 – 16,000 MW roughly
• PEPCO (Pakistan Electric Power Company) is merely
producing 11,000 MW against the total installed capacity of
about twenty thousand MW.

27. Supply Sources of Electricity
(March 2010)
• Total installed capacity of PEPCO: 20681
MW
• Hydro Production: 6555 MW
• Thermal Production: 14126 MW
WAPDA GENCOs: 4829 MW
Rental Power Plants: 323 MW
PAEC: 665 MW
IPPs: 8309 MW

28. Electricity Demand & Supply Gap (Source : PEPCO)

29. Reasons for Power Shortages
• Circular Debt
• High Power losses
• Shortfall in Gas Supply
• Seasonality of Hydel Power
• Lack of Demand Side Management
• Poor Governance & Regulation

30. Circular Debt

31. WAPDA Power losses

32. Power Generation 2009-10

33. Lack of Demand Side Management
• Village Electrification
• Growth in Consumers

34. Village Electrification (In Number)

35. Growth in Consumers

36. Economic Impact of Power Crises

37. Energy Crises: Issues &
Recommendations
• Growing Energy Demand
• Imbalanced Energy Consumption Mix
• Under exploitation of indigenous resources
• Poor Governance & Lack of Integrated
Planning

38. Growing Energy Demand
• Increase in Population
“Every year Pakistan adds the equivalent of a New
Zealand to its population; every two years, a
Switzerland; every three years, a Greece; every four
years, a Chile or a Netherlands; and every five, an
Australia.”
• Industrial and Agricultural Growth
• Urbanization

39. Imbalanced Energy Consumption Mix
• Greater share (more than 70%) of non-
renewable energy resources (oil & gas) in
energy consumption mix.
• Any shock in these resources affects
significantly the overall economy.
• Need of a greater share of renewable,
indigenous and affordable energy mix.

40. Energy Mix Comparison
2008-09

41. Under exploitation of indigenous
resources
• Thar Coal
• Hydel
• Nuclear
• Solar, Wind & Biodiesel

42. Hydel Power

43. Nuclear Power

44. Alternative Energy Resources
• Alternative Energy Development Board
(AEDB) is serving as the executing agency at
the federal level to consolidate the project
proposals from federal, provincial and other
public entities for submission to ADB for
subsequent loan tranches.
• AEDB under its mandate serves as a One-
window facility to process all Alternative and
Renewable Energy (ARE) projects both in
Public and the Private Sectors.

45. Solar, Wind, Biodiesel
• AEDB issued seven (7) letters of Intent (LOI) for wind power
projects.
• AEDB has engaged Pakistan State Oil (PSO) for furthering the
National Biodiesel Programme and provided a production
plant of biodiesel to PSO for the optimization of processing
techniques for Biodiesel.
• Pakistan’s first ever commercial Biodiesel production facility
with the capacity of producing 18,000 tons of Biodiesel per
annum has been setup in Karachi by the private sector.

46. Solar, Wind, Biodiesel
• Pakistan is blessed with a huge solar potential of
more than 5-6 KWH/m²/day of irradiation the
province of Baluchistan followed by Eastern
Sindh and Southern Punjab promising technical
and financially viable solar energy projects.
• Street lights and billboards consume around 400
MW of power which can be taken off from the
grid by converting these loads to solar.
• AEDB plans to electrify 400 villages, 100 in
Sindh and 400 in Baluchistan. 49 villages in
Sindh have already been electrified where 3000
Solar Home Systems are installed.

47. Conclusion
• Energy Sector is the lifeline of an economy.
• Energy demand is growing over the time specially in Developing
World.
• “Energy crisis in Pakistan is a management and not a capacity
issue” (Framework for Economic Growth Pakistan May 2011: Planning
Commission)
• Integrated Energy Planning is the need of the hour.
• Develop indigenous energy resources (Thar Coal)
• Research for New Uninterrupted and Affordable energy sources.
• Improve Governance and Demand Side Management

48. Thank You

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