Nigeria has significant energy resources but faces development challenges. Nigeria's primary energy consumption is dominated by biomass but it has large natural gas reserves and is a major oil exporter. Future projections estimate the industrial sector will become the largest energy consumer as the economy grows. Nigeria aims to increase annual per capita electricity consumption sixfold by 2025 through expanding generation capacity, improving utilization rates, and reducing transmission and distribution losses. However, the country must also diversify its energy mix and strengthen energy security to be less dependent on oil and gas exports.

1. EN 218EN 218
Assignment 1Assignment 1

2. ASSIGNMENT DETAILSASSIGNMENT DETAILS
• Name: Satyaprajna Sarthak SahooName: Satyaprajna Sarthak Sahoo
• Roll No.: 16D170026Roll No.: 16D170026
• Country Allotted: NigeriaCountry Allotted: Nigeria
• Country Group: OPEC countriesCountry Group: OPEC countries

3. INDEXINDEX
Topic Max slides permitted Slide
Number
Energy Balance Table 2 4
Sankey Diagram 1 5
PECSS Diagram 1 6
Indicator Value and Specific Insights 2 7
Comparison of energy situation in
the country vis-à-vis India and the
world
2 8,9
Future Energy Scenarios for the
country in 2035
5 10-14
References 3 15,16

4. ENERGY BALANCE TABLEENERGY BALANCE TABLE
Primary Energy Secondary Energy Sectoral Energy Conusmption End-Use Energy Consumption
Parameter Value (PJ) Parameter Value (PJ) Parameter Value (PJ) Parameter Value (PJ)
Source 1: Biomass Electricity Residential 4088.87 Lighting 736
Production 4671.04 Production 107.39 Biomass 4014.47 Heating, AC and ventilation 1431.1
Import 0 Import 0 Electricity 51.75 Refrigeration 245.3
Export 0 Export 0 Oil products 22.65 Cooking 122.6
Source 1 Total 4671.04 Total 107.39 Electronics 408.88
Source 2: Natural Gas Oil Products Others 1144.88
Production 1493.68 Production 0 Industrial 315.35 Food Processing Industry 0.31
Import 0 Import 436.73 Biomass 173.88
Export 869.8 Export 5.02+30.56* Natural Gas 107.1 Distillation and bottling 0.299
Source 2 Total 623.88 Total 401.15 Oil Products 18.17
Source 3: Oil Others 4319.06 Electricity 14.99
Production 4458.65 Coal 1.2
Import 0 Transport 352.86 Urban transport 0.974
Export 4448.56 Oil Products 352.86
Source 3 Total 0.09 Intercity transport 0.62
Source 4: Hydro
Production 20.6 Freight transport 0.37
Import 0
Export 0 Others
Source 4 Total 20.6 Public services 139.63
Source 5: Coal Agriculture 0.17
Production 1.2 Non-energy use 58.91
Import 0 Non-specified 90.4
Export 0
Source 5 Total 1.2
All Sources Total 5316.81 All Sources Total 514.28

5. SANKEY DIAGRAMSANKEY DIAGRAM

6. PECSS DIAGRAMPECSS DIAGRAM
• PECSS – Primary Energy Consumption by Source and SectorPECSS – Primary Energy Consumption by Source and Sector
DiagramDiagram
Supply sources Demand SectorsSupply sources Demand Sectors
Percent of supply Percent of sector
85.9
98.2
0.03
14
88
5.6
2.37
90.2
0.1
4.5
57.3
2
16.6
26.1
85.9
100 2.62
95.6
34
5.76
4.7
0.4
100
1.59
1.16
0.14
0.55
7.61
55.2

7.  Total primary energy production : 5316.81 PJ
 Total primary energy consumption : 5046.22 PJ
 Electricity consumption : 107.39 PJ
 CO2 emissions per GDP : 0.08 tons/1000$
 CO2 emissions per capita : 0.45 tons
 Natural gas reserves : 192 trillion feet3
 Nigeria’s energy sector is mainly based on biomass, however it has large
natural gas reserves, and is one of the largest exporters of oil in Africa.
 Nigeria is blessed with an abundance of renewable energy resources that
must be properly used. However, the development of renewable energy has
so far been slow.
 The Government of Nigeria and a number of civil society organizations in the
country have developed the National Adaptation Strategy and Plan of Action
on Climate Change for Nigeria (NASPA-CCN) to combat climate change.
INDICATORS AND INSIGHTSINDICATORS AND INSIGHTS

8. Comparison of energy situation in the
country vis-à-vis India and the world
Petroleum
(Thousand
Barrels per
Day)
Selected Year-2015
India Nigeria World
Total Oil
Production
4302.6 1996.22 145437.94
Crude Oil
Production
692.5 1933.12 72668.51
Consumption 2565.6 0.04 62426.37
Estimated
Petroleum Net
Exports
1014.8 1991.7 -
Refinery
Capacity
4211.5 445 79609
Proved
Reserves(Billio
n Barrels)
5.62 37 1707
Natural
Gas
(Billion
Cubic
Feet)
Selected year-2015
India Nigeria World
Production 1154.89 1573.5 131243.6
Consumption 1905.69 657.23 61796.9
Net
Export/Imports(
-)
-750.8 916.27 -
Proved
Reserves
(Trillion Cubic
Feet)
69 192 6588.8

9. Comparison of energy situation in the
country vis-à-vis India and the world
Coal
(million
tonnes)
2015
India Nigeria World
Production 376.8 0.047 5536.29
Consumption 541.84 0.047 5485.6
Net
Export/Impor
ts(-)
-169.49 0 -
Electricity
(Billion
Kilowattho
urs)
2015
India Nigeria World
Net
Generation
1383.25 31.43 22141.5
Net
Consumption
1027.1 25.1 20203.9
Installed
Capacity
(2014) (GWe)
308.8 10.48 679200
Total
Primary
Energy (PJ)
2015
India Nigeria World
Production 35635 5835.27 571387.9
Consumption 24186.2 5046.2 392872.65
Energy
Intensity
(per 1000$)
19797.2 12129 5315.23
Carbon
Dioxide
Emissions
(Million
Tons of CO )₂
2014
India Nigeria World
Total from
Consumption
of Fossil Fuels
2238.37 96.28 36138.28

10. PROJECTIONS OF TOTAL ENERGYPROJECTIONS OF TOTAL ENERGY
DEMAND IN NIGERIA*DEMAND IN NIGERIA*
http://www.springer.com/cda/content/document/cda_downloaddocument/97898110
09730-c2.pdf?SGWID=0-0-45-1566477-p179949807
* based on 10 % GDP growth rate
Units in mtoe

11. NIGERIA’S CURRENT AND FUTURENIGERIA’S CURRENT AND FUTURE
ELECTRICITY GENERATIONELECTRICITY GENERATION
CAPACITY (%) BY FUELCAPACITY (%) BY FUEL
http://www.springer.com/cda/content/document/cda_downloaddocument/97898110
09730-c2.pdf?SGWID=0-0-45-1566477-p179949807

12. INSIGHTS GAINED FROMINSIGHTS GAINED FROM THETHE
TRENDSTRENDS
• Although the industrial sector had lower energy demand in 2005,Although the industrial sector had lower energy demand in 2005,
it will have the highest energy demand by 2030 as the economyit will have the highest energy demand by 2030 as the economy
begins to improve based on increased industrial activity.begins to improve based on increased industrial activity.
• The service sector is projected to have the second highest growthThe service sector is projected to have the second highest growth
rate of 8.7 %, while the residential sector is expected to have therate of 8.7 %, while the residential sector is expected to have the
lowest average growth rate of 2.6 %.lowest average growth rate of 2.6 %.
• Oil was not considered in the because of its use for export to theOil was not considered in the because of its use for export to the
international energy market, meeting domestic energy demand,international energy market, meeting domestic energy demand,
and no current plans by the government to establish oil powerand no current plans by the government to establish oil power
plants in the future.plants in the future.
• Energy from coal and nuclear sources (currently not part of theEnergy from coal and nuclear sources (currently not part of the
nation’s electricity generation mix) will account for 15.6 and 6.7 %nation’s electricity generation mix) will account for 15.6 and 6.7 %
of the total, respectively, by 2030.of the total, respectively, by 2030.

13. • Energy security and sustainable development are positivelyEnergy security and sustainable development are positively
interrelated.interrelated.
• Nigeria being a mono-cultural economy, being oil and gasNigeria being a mono-cultural economy, being oil and gas
dependent, makes the energy sector sensitive to the fluctuations independent, makes the energy sector sensitive to the fluctuations in
international oil market.international oil market.
• The activities of vandals have been a big challenge to the energyThe activities of vandals have been a big challenge to the energy
sector.sector.
• For example, the vandalisation of the major pipeline that transportsFor example, the vandalisation of the major pipeline that transports
gas to Egbin and Applied Energy Service (AES) thermal stations ingas to Egbin and Applied Energy Service (AES) thermal stations in
February 2006 led to a reduction in power generation from 1620 MWFebruary 2006 led to a reduction in power generation from 1620 MW
to 403 MW for more than two weeks.to 403 MW for more than two weeks.
• To strengthen the energy security of the nation, it must:To strengthen the energy security of the nation, it must:
• increase the number of fuels in the energy mixincrease the number of fuels in the energy mix
• increase the number of suppliers for each fuel (especially if imported)increase the number of suppliers for each fuel (especially if imported)
• increase energy efficiency and conservationincrease energy efficiency and conservation
• developing storage capacity for different fuels (e.g., strategic reserves).developing storage capacity for different fuels (e.g., strategic reserves).
NEED OF ENERGY SECURITYNEED OF ENERGY SECURITY

14. FUTURE ENERGY PLAN: VISIONFUTURE ENERGY PLAN: VISION
20252025
• The goal is to increase Nigeria’s annual per capita powerThe goal is to increase Nigeria’s annual per capita power
consumption by 6.5 times in ten years, from 151 kWh in 2015consumption by 6.5 times in ten years, from 151 kWh in 2015
to 982 kWh per capita by 2025.to 982 kWh per capita by 2025.
• This can be achieved by driving improvements across aThis can be achieved by driving improvements across a
combination of three key variables:combination of three key variables:
• Installed generation capacity: Nigeria should target an increaseInstalled generation capacity: Nigeria should target an increase
in installed generation capacity by 40 to 45 GW over a ten-yearin installed generation capacity by 40 to 45 GW over a ten-year
period.period.
• Capacity utilization: A target of 55% by 2025 (from the currentCapacity utilization: A target of 55% by 2025 (from the current
31%). This will put Nigeria’s utilization capacity on par with31%). This will put Nigeria’s utilization capacity on par with
markets such as Brazil, Mexico and India.markets such as Brazil, Mexico and India.
• T&D losses: Here, a target of 13% has been set for Nigeria, onT&D losses: Here, a target of 13% has been set for Nigeria, on
par with that of Peru.par with that of Peru.

15. REFERENCESREFERENCES
[1] Oyedepo, Sunday Olayinka , Aremu Thomas Oladele, ‘Energy Audit of Manufacturing and Processing Industries[1] Oyedepo, Sunday Olayinka , Aremu Thomas Oladele, ‘Energy Audit of Manufacturing and Processing Industries
in Nigeria’, Mechanical Engineering Department, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria ,Feb 2 2018.in Nigeria’, Mechanical Engineering Department, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria ,Feb 2 2018.
[2] Promise U. Chukwu, A.H. Isa, J.O. Ojosu & J.S. Olayande , ‘Energy Consumption in Transport Sector in Nigeria’,[2] Promise U. Chukwu, A.H. Isa, J.O. Ojosu & J.S. Olayande , ‘Energy Consumption in Transport Sector in Nigeria’,
Energy Planning and Analysis Department, Energy Commission of Nigeria ,Feb 2 2018.Energy Planning and Analysis Department, Energy Commission of Nigeria ,Feb 2 2018.
[3] OKEKE, R. C.,IZUEKE, E. M. C. (Ph.D), NZEKWE, F. I,’ ENERGY SECURITY AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN[3] OKEKE, R. C.,IZUEKE, E. M. C. (Ph.D), NZEKWE, F. I,’ ENERGY SECURITY AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN
NIGERIA ’, DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA,NIGERIA ’, DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA,
NSUKKA ,Feb 3 2018.NSUKKA ,Feb 3 2018.
[4] Maren, I. Borok1 , Agontu, J. Agandu2 , Mangai. M. Morgan3 ‘Energy Security in Nigeria: Challenges and Way[4] Maren, I. Borok1 , Agontu, J. Agandu2 , Mangai. M. Morgan3 ‘Energy Security in Nigeria: Challenges and Way
Forward’ Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Plateau State Polytechnic, Barkin-Ladi,Forward’ Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Plateau State Polytechnic, Barkin-Ladi,
Nigeria ,Feb 3 2018.Nigeria ,Feb 3 2018.
[5] Kayode, R.1 ; Akhavan Farshchi2 , M. and Ford, A3 . , ‘ANALYSIS OF HOUSEHOLD ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN[5] Kayode, R.1 ; Akhavan Farshchi2 , M. and Ford, A3 . , ‘ANALYSIS OF HOUSEHOLD ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN
NIGERIA ’,NIGERIA ’, http://http://www.irbnet.de/daten/iconda/CIB_DC28852.pdfwww.irbnet.de/daten/iconda/CIB_DC28852.pdf ,Feb 3 2018.,Feb 3 2018.
[6] NATIONAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTION PLANS (NEEAP) (2015 – 2030):[6] NATIONAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTION PLANS (NEEAP) (2015 – 2030): httphttp://://
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[7] ANALYSIS OF HOUSEHOLD ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN NIGERIA:[7] ANALYSIS OF HOUSEHOLD ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN NIGERIA: httphttp://://
www.springer.com/cda/content/document/cda_downloaddocument/9789811009730-c2.pdf?SGWID=0-0-45-1566477-p1799498www.springer.com/cda/content/document/cda_downloaddocument/9789811009730-c2.pdf?SGWID=0-0-45-1566477-p1799498
,Feb 3 2018.,Feb 3 2018.
[8] The Nigerian Energy Sector:[8] The Nigerian Energy Sector: https://https://www.giz.de/en/downloads/giz2015-en-nigerian-energy-sector.pdfwww.giz.de/en/downloads/giz2015-en-nigerian-energy-sector.pdf
[9] NIGERIA’S INTENDED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION:[9] NIGERIA’S INTENDED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION: http://http://
www4.unfccc.int/ndcregistry/PublishedDocuments/Nigeria%20First/Approved%20Nigeria's%20INDC_271115.pdfwww4.unfccc.int/ndcregistry/PublishedDocuments/Nigeria%20First/Approved%20Nigeria's%20INDC_271115.pdf
,Feb 3 2018.,Feb 3 2018.
[10] NATIONAL ADAPTATION STRATEGY AND PLAN OF ACTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE FOR NIGERIA (NASPA-[10] NATIONAL ADAPTATION STRATEGY AND PLAN OF ACTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE FOR NIGERIA (NASPA-
CCN):CCN): http://http://
csdevnet.org/wp-content/uploads/NATIONAL-ADAPTATION-STRATEGY-AND-PLAN-OF-ACTION.pdfcsdevnet.org/wp-content/uploads/NATIONAL-ADAPTATION-STRATEGY-AND-PLAN-OF-ACTION.pdf
[11] THE WORLD FACTBOOK:[11] THE WORLD FACTBOOK: https://https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ni.htmlwww.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ni.html

16. REFERENCES (CONTD.)REFERENCES (CONTD.)
[12][12] Natural gas reserves:
https://www.bp.com/en/global/corporate/energy-economics/statistical-review-of-world-energy/natural-gas/natural-https://www.bp.com/en/global/corporate/energy-economics/statistical-review-of-world-energy/natural-gas/natural-
, Feb 2 2018, Feb 2 2018
[13][13] ENERGY USE IN BUILDINGS:: https://www.nap.edu/read/12621/chapter/4https://www.nap.edu/read/12621/chapter/4, Feb 3 2018, Feb 3 2018
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[15] BP Statistical Review ofWorld Energy June 2016[15] BP Statistical Review ofWorld Energy June 2016
https://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/pdf/energy-economics/statistical-review-2016/bp-statistical-review-of-world-energy-20https://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/pdf/energy-economics/statistical-review-2016/bp-statistical-review-of-world-energy-20
, Feb 3 2018, Feb 3 2018
[16][16] India needs to double refining capacity by 2040 to meet fuel demand growth:
https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/energy/oil-gas/india-needs-to-double-refining-capacity-by-
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[17] Oil reserves | Oil | Statistical Review of World Energy:[17] Oil reserves | Oil | Statistical Review of World Energy:
https://www.bp.com/en/global/corporate/energy-economics/statistical-review-of-world-energy/oil/oil-reserves.htmlhttps://www.bp.com/en/global/corporate/energy-economics/statistical-review-of-world-energy/oil/oil-reserves.html
, Feb 3 2018, Feb 3 2018
[18][18] CO2 emissions (metric tons per capita) | Data https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EN.ATM.CO2E.KT
,Feb 2 2018Feb 2 2018
[19][19] Nigeria - Crude Oil including Lease Condensate Reserves:
https://knoema.com/atlas/Nigeria/topics/Energy/Oil/Crude-oil-reserves.html ,Feb 2 2018Feb 2 2018
[20] Energy Audit of Manufacturing and Processing Industries in Nigeria: A Case Study of Food Processing Industry[20] Energy Audit of Manufacturing and Processing Industries in Nigeria: A Case Study of Food Processing Industry
and Distillation & Bottling Company: http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?and Distillation & Bottling Company: http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?
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nigeria-future.pdf , Feb 3 2018nigeria-future.pdf , Feb 3 2018