The endocrine and nervous systems work together to maintain homeostasis in the body. The endocrine system regulates processes like growth, metabolism, and mood through hormone secretion from glands like the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid, and adrenal glands. The nervous system is made up of the central and peripheral nervous systems and uses neurons, synapses, and neurotransmitters like acetylcholine to transmit signals and coordinate responses to changes both internally and externally. Together these systems allow the body to detect changes, process information, and enact responses to maintain a stable internal state.

1. Endocrine System, Nervous System and Homeostatic Control

2. Endocrine system Information signaling system Glands produce hormones Circulate through blood vessels Regulate: mood , growth and development , tissue function , and metabolism

3. Hypothalamus The hypothalamus controls body temperature , hunger , thirst , fatigue, anger, and circadian cycles . Secretes hormones that tell other glands to create their hormones GHRH

4. Pineal Body Secretes Melatonin Melatonin may help regulate sleep patterns

5. Pituitary Gland Growth Blood Pressure Sex Organ Functions Conversion of food into energy Water regulation

6. Thyroid Controls how quickly the body burns energy , makes proteins , and how sensitive the body should be to other hormones .

7. Parathyroid The sole function of the parathyroid glands is to maintain the body's calcium level within a very narrow range.

8. Pancreas Regulates blood sugar by producing Insulin

9. Adrenal gland Produces Adrenaline Fight or Flight Response Dilate pupils Increase heart rate Suppress non emergency process Boost oxygen and glucose supply

10. Testes and Ovaries Both produce hormones to support body function Testes Testosterone Ovaries Progesterone Estrogens

11. Nervous system Made up of two major parts Central Nervous System (CNS) Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

12. Neurons

13. Central Nervous System Brain and Spinal Cord Nerves Ganglion

14. Brain Consists of lobes, Each lobe having different functions.

15. Function Process information Dictate reactions and behaviors

16. Peripheral Nervous system Nerves from spinal cord to rest of body Create locomotion Etc…

17. Feedback Loops Your nervous system is involved in almost all homeostatic control loops. Reflex arc Sensory Vs Motor Affector Vs Effector

19. Neuron Function Dendrites Myelin Schwann Cells Axon Node of Ranvier

20. Threshold Before a neuron can send out a signal the stimuli has to pass the threshold

21. Action Potential An action potential is a nerve impulse An electrical shock sent down the axon

22. Action Potential

23. Synapse A synapse occurs where ever the action potential meets the end of the axon It needs to propagate across that gap It does this through chemical messengers

24. Neurotransmitter= Acetylcholine Enzyme that destroys it = Acetylcholinesterase

25. Synapse When Acetylcholine jumps across the gap, it tells the next neuron to fire it’s action potential and the process continues

26. Homeostasis Summary Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable internal state within an organism. Organisms must respond and maintain homeostasis in relation to many factors. Organisms detect changes in their environment and respond to these changes in a variety of ways. These changes may occur at the cellular or organism level.