The endocrine system is made up of glands that produce hormones which regulate growth, metabolism, sexual development, and other bodily functions. The major glands include the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries, and testes. Hormones act as chemical messengers to coordinate functions between different body parts and organs. Diseases like gigantism and dwarfism can result if the endocrine system and hormone production are disrupted.
The endocrine system is a messenger system comprising feedback loops of the hormones released by internal glands of an organism directly into the circulatory system, regulating distant target organs. In vertebrates, the hypothalamus is the neural control center for all endocrine systems.
The endocrine system is a messenger system comprising feedback loops of the hormones released by internal glands of an organism directly into the circulatory system, regulating distant target organs. In vertebrates, the hypothalamus is the neural control center for all endocrine systems.
obstetric and gyneacology; Changes in pregnancy, cardiovascular changes, respiratory changes, endocrine changes, gastrointestinal changes, related organ changes in pregnancy. hormonal changes during pregnancy.
Quantitative Math - MATH 132
Credits: Group 4 Reporters S.Y. 2015-2016
The ppt has animations, you'll appreciate the presentation if you'll download it. Thank you
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
2. Endocrine System
- is made up of glands that produce and secretehormones,
chemicalsubstances produced in the body that regulatethe
activityof cells or organs. These hormones regulatethe body's
growth, metabolism (the physical and chemicalprocesses of
the body), and sexual developmentand function.
-the glands are capable ofsynthesizing and releasing special
chemicalmessengers - hormones
Hormones
chemical messengers created by the body. They transfer
information from one set of cells to another to coordinate the
functions of different parts of the body.
3. Functions of the Hypothalamus
The hypothalamus controls the autonomic
nervous system.
The hypothalamus contains the thirst center,
the hunger center and the body's thermostat.
The hypothalamus controls
thehypophysis (pituitary gland).
The hypothalamus is the site of emotions
and the effect emotions can have on the body.
4. Pituitary Gland
- also known as the “The Master Gland.”
- is a small pea-sized lump of tissue connected to
the inferior portion of the hypothalamus of the
brain.
-is located at the base of the brain beneath the
hypothalamus and is no larger than a pea. It is
often considered the most important part of the
endocrine system because it produces hormones
that control many functions of other endocrine
glands.
5. Posterior
Lobe
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Oxytocin
Stimulates the kidneys
to conserve water
Females: causes
contraction of the
uterus and ejection of
breast milk
Males: stimulates
contraction of the
prostate and vas
deferens during
sexual arousal
Pituitary Gland
6. Pituitary Gland
Anterior Pituitary:
The anterior pituitary gland is the true
glandular part of the pituitary gland. The
function of the anterior pituitary gland is
controlled by the releasing and inhibiting
hormones of the hypothalamus. The anterior
pituitary produces 5 important hormones:
7. Pituitary Gland ****
Anterior
Lobe
Growth hormone
Prolactin
Adrenocorticotropic
Thyroid-stimulating
Follicle-stimulating
Luteinizing
Stimulates milk
production
Stimulates the adrenal cortex
to release its hormones
Stimulates the thyroid
gland to release its
hormones
Females: stimulates estrogen
production and maturation of
the ova
Males: stimulates sperm
production
Females: stimulates ovulation
and estrogen production
Males: stimulates testosterone
production
Stimulates increase in size
of muscles and bones
8. FUNCTION OF THE THYROID GLAND
The primary function of your thyroid gland is to secrete
thyroid hormones, which are responsible for controlling your
body’s metabolism. The 2 main thyroid hormones are T3
(triiodothyronine) and T4 (thyroxine). The amount of thyroid
hormones secreted is controlled by another hormone, called
thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), which is released from
the pituitary gland in your head.
The thyroid hormones are involved in regulating many of
your bodily functions, such as your heart rate, how quickly
you burn calories, and digestion. Babies and children need
adequate amounts of thyroid hormones for brain
development and growth.
9. I. ADRENAL CORTEX
the outer portion of the adrenal glands, produces several
hormones that affect blood pressure and blood sugar levels,
growth, as well as some sexual characteristics.
Death would result if the adrenal cortex were to stop
functioning as it controls metabolic processes that are essential
to life.
Main hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex:
Aldosterone
Stimulates body to retain sodium and water
Important in maintaining Blood Pressure
Cortisone
Released when stressed
Decreases protein synthesis, resulting in slowed tissue repair
Decreases inflammation
10. II. MEDULLA
inner part of the adrenal glands, produces hormones which
regulate the "fight or flight" response in the body, the body's
reaction to stressful events.
hormones produced by the medulla:
EPINEPHRINE – raises blood sugar level, causes nervousness
and perspiration during acute emergencies.
It also increases muscular power and resistance to fatigue.
NOREPINEPHRINE - prepares an individual in dealing with
stress and emergencies
it is also referred to as a stress hormone
There are no significant effects if this portion of the suprarenal
gland is not working properly.
11. EXOCRINE GLAND
The exocrine gland secretes digestive enzymes.
These enzymes are secreted into a network of ducts
that join the main pancreatic duct, which runs the
length of the pancreas.
ENDOCRINE GLAND
The endocrine gland, which consists of the Islets
of Langerhans, secretes hormones into the
bloodstream.
12. Endocrine/Hormonal Function:
Two of the main pancreatic hormones that are
created and released directly into the
bloodstream are insulin, which acts to lower
blood sugar, and glucagon, which acts to raise
blood sugar.
Maintaining proper blood sugar levels is crucial to
the functioning of key organs including the brain,
liver, and kidneys.
13. Insulin is released by
the beta cells which
stimulate the glucose
to be sent to the
body’s cells and
convert unused
glucose to glycogen
Low
Blood sugar
Glucagon is released by
the alpha cells which
stimulate stored
glycogen to be
transformed into
glucose again.
Blood sugar
Elevated
15. TESTES
Male sex hormones, as a group, are called
androgens.The principal androgen is
testosterone, which is secreted by the testes.
A small amount is also produced by the
adrenal cortex.
Production of testosterone begins during
fetal development, continues for a short time
after birth, nearly ceases during childhood,
and then resumes at puberty.
16. This steroid hormone is responsible for:
The growth and development of the male reproductive
structures
Increased skeletal and muscular growth
Enlargement of the larynx accompanied by voice changes
Growth and distribution of body hair
Increased male sexual drive
Testosterone secretion is regulated by a negative
feedback system that involves releasing hormones
from the hypothalamus and gonadotropins from
the anterior pituitary.
TESTES
17. OVARIES
Two groups of female sex hormones are
produced in the ovaries, the estrogens and
progesterone.These steroid hormones
contribute to the development and function of
the female reproductive organs and sex
characteristics
18. Gigantism
Gigantism is a rare condition that
causes abnormal growth in
children. It occurs when a child’s
body produces too much growth
hormone. Early diagnosis is
important. Prompt treatment can
stop or slow the changes that may
cause a child to grow larger than
normal. However, the condition
can be hard for parents to detect,
since symptoms of gigantism
might first be seen as normal
childhood growth spurts.
19. Dwarfism
Is a short stature that results
from a genetic or medical
condition. Dwarfism is
generally defined as an adult
height of 4 feet 10 inches or
less (147 centimeters).The
average adult height among
people with dwarfism is 4
feet (122 cm).