The skeletal system provides structure and support to the body through bones and joints. It is divided into the axial skeleton, including the skull, vertebral column, ribs and sternum, and the appendicular skeleton comprising the shoulder and pelvic girdles attached to the upper and lower limbs. Bones provide sites for muscle attachment, protect internal organs, contain marrow for blood cell production, and store minerals. Movement occurs in the joints but is enabled by muscle contraction and controlled largely by the will, with some involuntary actions like breathing.

1. The Skeletal
System

2. •The skeletal system provides the bony
framework.
•Movement occurs in the joints but
movement per se is done by the muscles.
•The bones will not move unless the
muscle makes them moves.
•The essential purpose of physical
movement is to:
Obtain food and food
Avoid injury and reproduce

3. •Most of the body movements
done by an individual is
controlled by the will expect for
some movements like the
beating of the heart, digestion
and respiration. The
phenomenon know as reflex
action is done before the
individual becomes aware of it.

4. •The bones of the skeleton is
divided into two:
 Axial skeleton
Appendicular skeletons

6. •The axial skeleton is
compose of:
Skull
Vertebral column
Ribs
Sternum

9. Cranium – is formed by irregular
bones that provide protection for
the brain.
Base of the skull
-where the brain rests
Vault
-surrounds and protects the
brain

10. • The bones of the cranium are:
Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital
Sphenoid
Ethmoid bones

11. • Verbal column is composed of:
24 separate
Movable
Irregular bones
5 sacrum bones
4 coccyx

12. •The 24 separate bones are
divided into three groups:
7 cervical groups
12 thoracic bones
5 lumbar bones

14. • The appendicular skeleton is
composed of:
Shoulder girdle with the upper
limbs
Pelvic girdle with the lower limbs

15. • Compact Bone - has a large
number of Haversian canals which
contain blood, lymph vessels and
nerves.
• Haversian Canal – is surrounded
by concentric plates of bones called
lacunae (spaces).
• Cancellous Bone – is similar to a
honeycomb in appearance. It
contains the red bone marrow and its
haversian canals are larger those in
the compact bones.

16. • Osteoblasts - are the cells responsible for
bone formation which develop
into osteocytes.
- are mature bone cells that
developed from osteoblasts.
• Osteoblasts can be seen present at:
1. The deeper layer of the periosteum
2. The centers of ossification
3. The ends of the diaphyses and
4. The sites of fracture

17. Aside from providing the frame work of the body,
the bones still perform other functions such as:
1. Provide attachment for muscles and tendons,
2. From a boundary at the cranial, thoracic and
pelvic cavities,
3. They also provide protection for the different
organs located at these cavities,
4. Contain the red bone marrow where
hematopoiesis occurs and
5. They serve as reservoir for calcium,
phosphorous and fats.