The endocrine system is comprised of glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream to regulate various bodily functions. The major endocrine glands include the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, ovaries/testes, pineal and thymus glands. Hormones act as chemical messengers to maintain homeostasis by controlling growth, metabolism, sexual function and other processes. Imbalances in hormone levels can cause disorders throughout the body.
The endocrine system is a messenger system comprising feedback loops of the hormones released by internal glands of an organism directly into the circulatory system, regulating distant target organs. In vertebrates, the hypothalamus is the neural control center for all endocrine systems.
The endocrine system is a messenger system comprising feedback loops of the hormones released by internal glands of an organism directly into the circulatory system, regulating distant target organs. In vertebrates, the hypothalamus is the neural control center for all endocrine systems.
This power point presentation deals with the various types of glands present in human body. We have discussed here about Major Endocrine Glands in human body, their structure, their location, the hormones they produce and the effect of those hormones. We have also discussed about disorders that may occur with abnormal hormonal secretions, Lastly we have discussed about the mechanisms in which the hormone works inside human body
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM BY ASHISH SENGAR (PPT).pptxAshishsengar16
AN OVERVIEW ABOUT ENDOCRINE SYSTEM BY ME (ASHISH SENGAR)
I am from KANPUR (Naraina Group Of Institutions ,Faculty Of Pharmacy,panki gangagunj )
IF ANY ERROR FOUND PLEASE CONTACT ME ..
ashishsengar024@gmail.com
Credit to = ANJALI MAM
These slides contain all the viable secretory gland which is present inside a human body such as Endocrine glands with their interrelationship or coordination.
The endocrine system is a complex network of glands and organs. It uses hormones to control and coordinate your body's metabolism, energy level, reproduction, growth and development, and response to injury, stress, and mood. The following are integral parts of the endocrine system.
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This power point presentation deals with the various types of glands present in human body. We have discussed here about Major Endocrine Glands in human body, their structure, their location, the hormones they produce and the effect of those hormones. We have also discussed about disorders that may occur with abnormal hormonal secretions, Lastly we have discussed about the mechanisms in which the hormone works inside human body
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM BY ASHISH SENGAR (PPT).pptxAshishsengar16
AN OVERVIEW ABOUT ENDOCRINE SYSTEM BY ME (ASHISH SENGAR)
I am from KANPUR (Naraina Group Of Institutions ,Faculty Of Pharmacy,panki gangagunj )
IF ANY ERROR FOUND PLEASE CONTACT ME ..
ashishsengar024@gmail.com
Credit to = ANJALI MAM
These slides contain all the viable secretory gland which is present inside a human body such as Endocrine glands with their interrelationship or coordination.
The endocrine system is a complex network of glands and organs. It uses hormones to control and coordinate your body's metabolism, energy level, reproduction, growth and development, and response to injury, stress, and mood. The following are integral parts of the endocrine system.
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Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
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In this book, we use conservation of energy techniques on a fluid element to derive the Modified Bernoulli equation of flow with viscous or friction effects. We derive the general equation of flow/ velocity and then from this we derive the Pouiselle flow equation, the transition flow equation and the turbulent flow equation. In the situations where there are no viscous effects , the equation reduces to the Bernoulli equation. From experimental results, we are able to include other terms in the Bernoulli equation. We also look at cases where pressure gradients exist. We use the Modified Bernoulli equation to derive equations of flow rate for pipes of different cross sectional areas connected together. We also extend our techniques of energy conservation to a sphere falling in a viscous medium under the effect of gravity. We demonstrate Stokes equation of terminal velocity and turbulent flow equation. We look at a way of calculating the time taken for a body to fall in a viscous medium. We also look at the general equation of terminal velocity.
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177-Anatomy-Endocrine-System.ppt
1.
2.
3. What is the
endocrine
system?
The endocrine system is made up of glands and the
hormones they secrete. Although the endocrine
glands are the primary hormone producers, the
brain, heart, lungs, liver, skin, thymus,
gastrointestinal mucosa, and placenta also produce
and release hormones.
4. What is the endocrine system?
The primary
endocrine glands are
the pituitary (the
master gland),
pineal, thyroid,
parathyroid, islets of
Langerhans,
adrenals, ovaries in
the female and testes
in the male.
The function of the endocrine system is the
production and regulation of chemical
substances called hormones.
5. Hormones…
A hormone is a chemical transmitter. It is released
in small amounts from glands, and is transported
in the bloodstream to target organs or other cells.
Hormones are chemical messengers, transferring
information and instructions from one set of cells
to another.
6. Hormones… Hormones regulate growth,
development, mood, tissue
function, metabolism, and
sexual function.
Hyposecretion or
hypersecretion of
any hormone can
be harmful to
the body.
Controlling
the production
of hormones
can treat
many
hormonal
disorders in
the body.
7. Hormones…
The endocrine system and nervous system work
together to help maintain homeostasis… balance.
The hypothalamus is a collection of specialized
cells located in the brain, and is the primary link
between the two systems. It produces chemicals
that either stimulate or suppress hormone
secretions of the pituitary gland.
The pituitary gland has 2
lobes…
8. Secretions from the anterior
pituitary gland…
Growth Hormone
(GH): essential for
the growth and
development of
bones, muscles, and
other organs. It also
enhances protein
synthesis,
decreases the use of
glucose, and
promotes fat
destruction.
9. Secretions from the anterior
pituitary gland…
Adrenocorticotropin
(TRŌ pun) (ACTH):
essential for the
growth of the
adrenal cortex.
Thyroid-Stimulating
Hormone (TSH):
essential for the growth
and development of the
thyroid gland.
10. Secretions from the anterior
pituitary gland…
It stimulates the
growth ovarian
follicles in the female
and the production of
sperm in the male.
Follicle-Stimulating
Hormone (FSH): is a
gonadotropic hormone.
11. Secretions from the anterior
pituitary gland… Luteinizing
Hormone (LH): is a
gonadotropic
hormone
stimulating the
development of
corpus luteum in
the female ovarian
follicles and the
production of
testosterone in the
male.
The yellow corpus luteum
remains after ovulation; it
produces estrogen and
progesterone.
12. Secretions from the anterior
pituitary gland… Prolactin (PRL):
stimulates the
development and
growth of the
mammary glands
and milk production
during pregnancy.
The sucking motion of the
baby stimulates prolactin
secretion.
13. Secretions from the anterior
pituitary gland…
Melanocyte-stimulating
hormone (MSH): regulates skin
pigmentation and promotes
the deposit of melanine in the
skin after exposure to sunlight
15. Oxytocin: stimulates
the uterus to contract
during labor, delivery,
and parturition. A
synthetic version of
this hormone, used
to induce labor, is
called Pitocin. It also
stimulates the
mammary glands to
release milk.
Secretions from the posterior
lobe of the pituitary gland…
16. Secretions from the pineal
gland… The pineal gland is pine-cone-shaped
and only about 1 cm in diameter.
Melatonin: communicates
information about
environmental lighting
to various parts of the
body. Has some effect
on sleep/awake cycles
and other biological
events connected to
them, such as a lower
production of gastric
secretions at night.
17. Secretions from the pineal
gland…
Serotonin: a
neurotransmitter that
regulates intestinal
movements and affects
appetite, mood, sleep, anger,
and metabolism.
18. Secretions of the thyroid gland…
Calcitonin: influences
bone and calcium
metabolism;
maintains a
homeostasis of
calcium in the blood
plasma
The thyroid gland plays a
vital role in metabolism
and regulates the body’s
metabolic processes.
19. Secretions of the thyroid gland…
Thyroxine (T4) and
triodothyronine (T3):
essential to BMR – basal
metabolic rate (the rate at
which a person’s body
burns calories while at rest);
influences physical/mental
development and growth
Hyposecretion of T3 and T4 = cretinism,
myxedema, Hashimoto’s disease
Hypersecretion of T3 and T4 = Grave’s disease,
goiter, Basedow’s disease
20. Secretions of the parathyroid
gland…
The two pairs of
parathyroid glands are
located on the dorsal or
back side of the thyroid
gland. They secrete
parathyroid (PTH) which
plays a role in the
metabolism of phosphorus.
Too little results in
cramping; too much
results in osteoporosis or
kidney stones.
21. The islets of Langerhans…
The islets of Langerhans are small clusters of
cells located in the pancreas.
22. Secretions from the islets of
Langerhans… Beta cells secrete the
hormone insulin, which is
essential for the maintenance
of normal blood sugar levels.
Inadequate levels result in
diabetes mellitus.
Delta cells suppress
the release of
glucagon and
insulin.
Alpha cells
facilitate the
breakdown of
glycogen to
glucose. This
elevates the blood
sugar.
23. The adrenal glands…
The triangular-
shaped adrenal
glands are
located on the
top of each
kidney. The
inside is called
the medulla and
the outside layer
is called the
cortex.
24. Secretions from the
adrenal cortex…
Cortisol: regulates
carbohydrate, protein, and fat
metabolism; has an anti-
inflammatory effect; helps
the body cope during times of
stress
Hyposecretion results
in Addison’s disease;
hypersecretion
results in Cushing’s
disease
Corticosterone: like
cortisol, it is a
steroid; influences
potassium and
sodium metabolism
25. Secretions from the adrenal
cortex… Aldosterone: essential in regulating
electrolyte and water balance by
promoting sodium and chloride
retention and potassium excretion.
Androgens: several
hormones including
testosterone; they
promote the
development of
secondary sex
characteristics in
the male.
26. Secretions from the
adrenal medulla…
Dopamine is used
to treat shock. It
dilates the
arteries, elevates
systolic blood
pressure,
increases cardiac
output, and
increases urinary
output.
27. Secretions
from the
adrenal
medulla…
Epinephrine is also called adrenalin. It elevates
systolic blood pressure, increases heart rate and
cardiac output, speeds up the release of glucose
from the liver… giving a spurt of energy, dilates
the bronchial tubes and relaxes airways, and
dilates the pupils to see more clearly. It is often
used to counteract an allergic reaction.
28. Secretions from the
adrenal medulla…
Norepinephrine, like epinephrine, is released when
the body is under stress. It creates the underlying
influence in the fight or flight response. As a drug,
however, it actually triggers a drop in heart rate.
29. Secretions of the ovaries…
The ovaries produce
several estrogen hormones
and progesterone. These
hormones prepare the
uterus for pregnancy,
promote the development
of mammary glands, play a
role in sex drive, and
develop secondary sex
characteristics in the
female.
Estrogen is essential for the growth, development,
and maintenance of female sex organs.
30. The testes produce
the male sex
hormone called
testosterone. It is
essential for normal
growth and
development of the
male sex organs.
Testosterone is
responsible for the
erection of the
penis.
Secretions of the testes…
31. During pregnancy, the
placenta serves as an
endocrine gland.
Secretions of the placenta…
It produces
chorionic
gonadotropin
hormone,
estrogen, and
progesterone.
32. The mucosa
of the pyloric
area of the
stomach
secretes the
hormone
gastrin, which
stimulates the
production of
gastric acid
for digestion.
Secretions of the
gastrointestinal mucosa…
33. The mucosa of
the duodenum
and jejunum
secretes the
hormone
secretin, which
stimulates
pancreatic juice,
bile, and
intestinal
secretion.
Secretions of the
gastrointestinal mucosa…
34. The thymus gland has
two lobes, and is part
of the lymphatic
system. It is a
ductless gland, and
secretes thymosin.
This is necessary for
the Thymus’ normal
production of T cells
for the immune
system.
Secretions of the
thymus…
Editor's Notes
FSH is responsible for the growth and development of ovarian follicles in females, and the production of sperm in males. In females, FSH stimulates the growth of ovarian follicles that contain immature eggs, and helps to regulate the menstrual cycle. In males, FSH stimulates the Sertoli cells in the testes to produce and support the development of sperm.
LH is responsible for triggering ovulation in females, and the production of testosterone in males. In females, LH surge triggers the release of a mature egg from the ovary during the menstrual cycle. In males, LH stimulates the Leydig cells in the testes to produce testosterone, which is important for the development and maintenance of male reproductive system.
LH and FSH work together to regulate the reproductive system, and their levels in the blood can be used to diagnose and monitor a range of reproductive disorders, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), menopause, and infertility.e tissues.