This document discusses the history and development of roads. It outlines that early roads were simple footpaths and trails, and the Romans later developed some of the most advanced highway systems in the ancient world. It then discusses how roads declined after the fall of the Roman Empire but saw a revival in the 18th century. The document also notes that roads play a key role in strengthening economies and increasing mobility, and provides examples like the Trans-Canada Highway. It examines classifications of roads and some environmental impacts.

2. ROADS
MOST COMMON
SURFACES ON WHICH
PEOPLE AND VEHICLES
MOVE
KEY PART OF HUMAN
& ECONOMIC
GEOGRAPHY

3. TRANS -
PORTATION
ACTIVITIES
STRENGTHEN REGIONAL ECONOMY
INFLUENCE LAND & NATURAL
RESOURCE USE
FACILITATECOMMUNICATION &
COMMERCE
EXPAND CHOICES
SUPPORT INDUSTRY
AID AGRICULTURE
INCREASE HUMAN MOBILITY

4. HISTORY OF ROAD MAKING
1. EARLIEST TRAVEL: FOOT ON PATHS AND
TRAIL
2. PACK ANIMALS & CRUDE SLEDS
3. DEVELOPMENT OF WHEEL
4. ROMANS  MOST ADVANCED HIGHWAY
SYSTEMS OF THE ANCIENT WORLD
5. ROMANS CIVILIZATION’S PEEK 
MILITARY ROADS: BECOME PERFECTED
FOR WHEELED VEHICLES TO THE LIMITS
OF EMPIRE

5. HISTORY OF ROAD MAKING
6. AFTER THE DECLINE OF ROMAN EMPIRE:
ROADS DISREPAIR
 COMMERCE TRAVELED BY WATER/ON
PACK OF TRAINS
7. COMMERCIAL REVIVAL: INCREASED IN
WHEELED VEHICLES

6. HISTORY OF ROAD MAKING
8. 18TH CENTURY: ART OF ROAD BUILDING
REVIVED
P. TRESAGUET – FRENCH ENGR.  METHOD
OF LIGHTWEIGHT ROAD BUILDING
NAPOLEON BONAPARTE (1800-1814) – ROAD
CONSTRUCTING FOR MILITARY PURPOSES
SAME TIME, THOMAS TELFORD & JOHN
MCADAM – SCOTTISH ENGR.  ROAD
BUILDING TECHNIQUES

7. ROADS AND DEVELOPMENT
 VEHICLES IN THE BEGINNING OF 21ST
CENT.
600 MILLION WORLDWIDE
… CONTINOUSLY GROWING THAN
POPULATION / GNP
 AMERICANS – OWNS MOST CARS (1:1.7)
 JAPAN – (1:2.1)
GREAT BRITAIN – (1:5.3)

8. ROADS AND DEVELOPMENT
 HIGHWAYS – STRENGTHEN NATIONAL
UNITY
TRANS-CANADA HIGHWAY
 WORLD’S LONGEST NATIONAL ROAD
BUILT TO IMPROVE EAST-WEST
COMMERCE IN CANADA
COMPLETED IN 1960’s
GROWING ROAD TRAFFIC REQUIRED
INCREASINGLY ROAD CONSTRUCTION

9. TRANS-CANADA H.WAY

10. TRANS-CANADA H.WAY

11. 1960’s WORLD BANK BEGAN TO
FINANCE ROAD CONSTRUCTION, YET,
SUSTAINABILITY WAS ALSO A
QUESTION –
COULD THE FACILITIES BE
MAINTAINED ONCE THEY WERE BUILT?
ROADS AND DEVELOPMENT

12. ROADS AND DEVELOPMENT
1990’s WORLD BANK FINANCED A
PROGRAM TO BUILT AN ASPHALT
RAOD NETWORK IN MOZAMBIGUE
ASPHALT  KEY TO SMOOTH ROADS

13. ENVIRONMENTAL
CONSEQUENCES
PRIVATE TOLL ROADS
COMMUNISM
POOR COUNTRIES
POOR TRANSPORT
NEED FOR CUTS & FILLS/BRIDGES &
TUNNELS
SEVERE WEATHER CHANGES

14. HIGHWAY CLASSIFICATION
1. BASIC TYPES
– CONVENTIONAL  UNDIVIDED 2-WAY ROAD
– DIVIDED HIGHWAY  MEDIAN
STRIPS/PHYSICAL BARRIERS
2. LANES – DETERMINE AMOUNT OF
TRAFFIC
– TYPICAL 2-3
– LOS ANGELES  5
– SOME ONLY 1
– TOLLWAYS  USERS PAY

15. CONVENTIONAL ROAD

16. 4 LANE DIVIDED HIGHWAY

17. LOS ANGELES LANE

18. CHINA TOLLWAYS

19. TOLLWAY

20. KOBE-WAWAJI-NARUTO EXPRESSWAY

21. HIGHWAY CLASSIFICATION
3. ROADS – HIGHEST LEVEL; FOR LONG-
DISTANCE TRAVEL
– EXPRESSWAYS – for high level of traffic
– ARTERIAL
– COLLECTOR
– LOCAL IN URBAN AREAS