This document provides information on various construction materials including cement, steel, sand, ready mix concrete, binding wires, coarse aggregate, and bricks and blocks. It describes each material's composition and common uses in construction. Cement is used to bind other materials like sand and gravel together to form mortar and concrete. Steel is an alloy of iron with carbon added for strength. Sand is finely divided rock used in concrete and mortar. Concrete is a composite of cement, sand, gravel, and water. Binding wires are used to tie steel reinforcement bars together. Coarse aggregate provides strength to concrete. Bricks are rectangular clay or concrete units used in walls, while blocks are larger brick-like units.

1. Muhammad Ibrahim
42710
Construction Material
Faizan Ashraf
B-Tech (Civil) 3rd Semester (E)
Assignment # 1

2. 
Materials with diagrams
 Cement
 Steel
 Sand
 Ready mix concrete
 Binding wires
 Coarse aggregate
 Bricks & Blocks

3. 
 A cement is a binder, a substance used in
construction that sets, hardens and adheres to
other materials, binding them together. Cement is
seldom used solely, but is used to bind sand and
gravel (aggregate) together. Cement is used with fine
aggregate to produce mortar for masonry, or with
sand and gravel aggregates to produce concrete.
Cement

4. 
 Steel is a mixture of several metals (this is called
an alloy) but most of it is iron. Steel is harder and
stronger than iron. Steels are often iron alloys with
between 0.02% and 1.7% percent carbon by weight.
Alloys with more carbon than this are known as cast
iron. Steel is different from wrought iron, that has
little or no carbon. There are some newer steels in
which carbon is replaced with
other alloying materials.
Steel

5. 
 Sand is a mixture of very small pieces of different
rocks or minerals such as granite and feldspar and
sand stone. It is a naturally occurring granular
material composed of finely divided rock and
mineral particles. Sand grains are between the size
of gravel grains (which is from 2 mm to 64 mm) and
the size of silt (which is around 0.0625 mm to 0.004
mm). It is found on beaches, and in deserts.
Sand

6. 
 Concrete is an important material for making
different buildings and structures. It is a composite
made of Portland cement, sand, gravel or aggregate,
and water in varying proportions depending on the
task.
 Concrete is used more than any other man-made
material in the world. As of 2006, about 7.5 billion
cubic meters of concrete are made each year—more
than one cubic meter for every person on Earth.
Ready mix concrete

7. 
 Binding wires are made from high quality carbon
steel making them highly resistant to corrosion and
abrasion. In RCC work where we use MS steel bars
either plain or ribbed or tor, binding wires are used
to bind the steel bars to each other at appropriate
place according to design at a spacing defined by the
drawing. The steel bars should not be disturbed
while lying cements concrete in any of member such
as column, beam, slab wall etc
Binding wires

8. 
 Construction aggregate, or simply "aggregate", is a
broad category of coarse to medium grained
particulate material used in construction,
including sand, gravel, crushed stone, slag, recycled
concrete and geosynthetic aggregates. Aggregates
are the most mined materials in the world.
Aggregates are a component of composite
materials such as concrete and asphalt concrete; the
aggregate serves as reinforcement to add strength to
the overall composite material.
Coarse Aggregate

9. 
 A brick is building material used to make walls, pavements
and other elements in masonry construction. Traditionally, the
term brick referred to a unit composed of clay, but it is now
used to denote any rectangular units laid in mortar. A brick can
be composed of clay-bearing soil, sand, and lime, or concrete
materials. Bricks are produced in numerous classes, types,
materials, and sizes which vary with region and time period,
and are produced in bulk quantities. Two basic categories of
bricks are fired and non-fired bricks.
 Block is a similar term referring to a rectangular building unit
composed of similar materials, but is usually larger than a
brick. Lightweight bricks (also called lightweight blocks) are
made from expanded clay aggregate.
Bricks & Blocks