This document describes a student project to study how the EMF (electromotive force) of a Daniel cell is affected by various factors. The student will measure the EMF under different concentrations of reactants, temperatures, and electrode areas. A Daniel cell works by converting the chemical energy of a redox reaction between zinc and copper into electrical energy. The student outlines the objective, introduces the Daniel cell, describes the required materials and procedure, and presents observations and conclusions regarding how the EMF changes with concentration, temperature, and electrode area.

1. MEHSANA
CHEMISTRY - PROJECT
2017-18
BY : SAHIL CHAUHAN
TOPIC – TO STUDY THE CHANGE IN EMF OF DANIEL CELL
DUE TO VARIOUS FACTORS
ROLL NO : ....................... CLASS - 12TH
GUIDED BY - Mr. R.P.JANI
INSPIRED BY - Dr. VIJAY KUMAR

2. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I wish to express my deep gratitude and
sincere thanks to Principal Dr. Vijay Kumar,
jawahar navodaya vidyalaya, vadnagar for his
encouragement and for all facilities that he
provided for this project work.
I sincerely appreciate this magnanimity by
taking me into his fold for which I shall
remain indebted to his. I extend my heartily
thanks to CHEMISTRY HOD guided me to the
successful completion of this project. I take
this opportunity to express my deep sense of
gratitude for his invaluable guidance,
constant encouragement constructive
comments, sympathy attitude and immense
motivation, which has sustained my efforts
at all stage of this project work. I can’t forget
to offer my sincere thanks to classmates who
helped me to carry out this project work

3. successfully, for their valuable advice and
support, which I received from them time to
time.
SAHIL CHAUHAN
DECLARATION
I do hereby declare that this project
work has been originally carried
under the guidance and supervision
of
Mr. RAJESH JANI, Head of Physics
department, jawahar navodaya
vidyalaya, vadnagar Mehsana.
SAHIL CHAUHAN

4. ROLL NO.___________
OBJECTIVE
The goal of this project is:-
To study the change in E.M.F of a denial cell due to various
factors such as change in
 Concentration,

5.  Temperature and
 Area of electrode

6. INTRODUCTION
It is an arrangement to
convert the chemical energy
of the redox reaction into
electrical energy.
Features of Daniel cell:-
Zinc rod at which oxidation
occurs is called the anode while
the copper rod at which the
reduction takes place is called
cathode.
The overall reaction occurring
in electrochemical cell is due to two
half-cell reaction, one occurring in
each beaker.

7. The half-cell reaction occurring
at anode is called oxidation half-cell
reaction while the occurring at
cathode is called reduction.
The two half-cell reaction always
takes place
simultaneously i.e. …. Half cell
reaction cannot take
Place immediately.
Since electrodes are produced at zinc
electrode, it is reach in electrons and
pulls these electrons into the external
circuit and hence acts as negative
pole. The copper electrode on the
other hand is deficient in electrons
and thus pulls the electron from the
external circuit and acts as positive
pole.
The electrons flow from
negative pole to positive pole in the

8. external circuit. However,
conventionally the current is said to
flow in opposite direction i.e. from
positive pole to negative pole in the
external circuit.
The concentration of copper sulphate
solution decreases with passage of
time as the cell operates consequently
the current fall with passage of time.
MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT
To do this experiment we will need
the following materials and
equipment:
1) Two Beakers
2) Zinc and copper plate

9. 3) Filter paper
4) Voltmeter
5) Connecting wires
6) Card board
7) KNO3 solution
8) 1 M, 0.1M/ 0.01m solution of:-
a) CuSO4
b) ZnSO4
DANIEL CELL
Hen an external circuit is
connected the chemical equation
for the zinc side (anode) half cell
is:

10. Zn(s) Zn (aq) + 2e-
For the copper sulphate side
(cathode) half cell:
Cu (aq) + 2e- Cu(s)
Therefore, the overall reaction of
the Daniel cell is:
Zn(s) + Cu (aq) Zn (aq)
+ cu(s)
PROCEDURE
I) Take two beakers and pour the
required chemicals inspective
beaker and mark them for
identification.

11. II) Take two square to slide in and
connecting wire to their screw.
III)Connect negative of the
voltmeter to the anode and its
positive to the cathode.
IV) Take filter paper long enough
to dip into both the solution.
Dip the filter paper in KNO3
solution and put it as a salt
bridge.
V) Put on the electrode voltmeter
set up. Note the reading
quickly and then put of the
electrode 0voltmeter set up.

12. VI)For measuring variation with
temperature with change in
area of electrode use the
different size of electrode and
then do step 5 again.
VII) For measuring variation with
temperature heat the solution
and then do step 5 again
VIII)For measuring variations with
change in concentration of
electrolyte, use the electrolytes
of different molarity and then
do step 5 again.

13. Salt bridge
It consists of a tube filled with
semi-solid paste obtain by adding
gelatins or agar to the solution of
strong electrolytes such as NaCl,
NH4NO3 etc, which does not change
chemically
During the process.
FUNCTION OF SALT BRIDGE
To complete the electrical circuit
by allowing the solution to flow

14. from one solution to another
without mixing the two solutions.
To maintain electrical neutrality of
solution in two half cells.
EMF of cells:-
When a current flows through two
points a potential difference
generated by a cell when the cell
draws no current is called EMF.
ObSerVatiONS:-
Electrode potential of zinc=
………..V

15. Electrode potential of
copper=……….V
VARIATION WITH CONCENTRATION:-
Molarity of
CuSO4(M)
Molarity of
ZnSO4(M)
Voltmeter
Reading
(V)
VARIATION WITH TEMPERATURE:-
Temperatur
e
CuSO4(C)ZnSO4(C)Voltmeter
Reading
(V)

16. On increasing temperature EMF of cell
increasing.
CONClUtiONS:-
 The EMF varies non-linearly
with change in concentration of
reactants.

17.  Increase in concentration of
ions in anode half-cell
decreases EMF and vice-versa.
 The EMF is independent of
area of electrode.
 The EMF increases with
increase in temperature.
bibliOgraphy:-

18. I take help of
 Internet source
 Wikipedia
 eCBSE.com
 chemistry lab manual
 my friend and R.P

22. MEHSANA
CHEMISTRY - PROJECT
2015-16
- TOPIC –
ROLL NO : ....................... CLASS - 12TH
GUIDED BY - Mr. R.P.JANI
INSPIRED BY - Dr. VIJAY KUMAR