Chemical cell
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
7 likes•3,349 views
This document discusses different types of electrochemical cells. An electrochemical cell converts stored chemical energy into electrical energy and is an energy storage device. Some key electrochemical cells discussed include Volta's cell, the Leclanche cell, the dry cell, nickel cadmium cells, and button cells. Volta's cell, invented in 1799, uses a chemical reaction between zinc, copper, and sulfuric acid to produce electricity. The Leclanche cell, invented in 1866, contains a carbon cathode, manganese dioxide, and a zinc anode to produce a current. Dry cells, invented in 1888, contain zinc chloride, ammonium chloride, and carbon rods to produce a current for devices like flashlights.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Magnetic susceptibility of magnetic materials
This document summarizes the magnetic properties of different types of magnetic materials based on an experiment measuring their magnetic susceptibility. The four main types discussed are diamagnetic, paramagnetic, ferromagnetic, and antiferromagnetic. The experiment measures the magnetization of ZnO, ZnO doped with manganese, and nickel powder samples using a vibrator sample magnetometer. Based on the magnetic susceptibility calculations and curve shapes, ZnO is found to be diamagnetic, ZnO doped with manganese is paramagnetic, and nickel is ferromagnetic.
Electrochemistry
lecture slide on:
Gibbs free energy and Nernst Equation, Faradaic Processes and Factors Affecting Rates of Electrode Reactions, Potentials and Thermodynamics of Cells, Kinetics of Electrode Reactions, Kinetic controlled reactions,Essentials of Electrode Reactions,BUTLER-VOLMER MODEL FOR THE ONE-STEP, ONE-ELECTRON PROCESS,Current-overpotential curves for the system, Mass Transfer by Migration And Diffusion,MASS-TRANSFER-CONTROLLED REACTIONS,
Ls coupling presentation
This document discusses Russell-Saunders coupling notation for atomic states. It explains that there are two types of coupling - L-S coupling and J-J coupling. Under L-S coupling, the orbital angular momenta (L) and spin angular momenta (S) of electrons are coupled to give the total angular momentum (J) of the atom. The document defines key quantum numbers and describes how to read L-S coupling notation for an atomic state. It provides examples of singlet and triplet states for a two electron system.
Solid state physics (schottkey and frenkel)
This document discusses different types of lattice defects in crystals. It describes Schottky and Frenkel defects. A Schottky defect occurs in ionic crystals when equal numbers of oppositely charged ions leave their lattice sites, creating vacancies while maintaining overall charge neutrality. A Frenkel defect occurs when an atom moves from its lattice site to an interstitial site, producing a vacancy and interstitial. Schottky defects lower the crystal's density while Frenkel defects do not change density.
Cyclic voltammetry
Voltammetry involves applying a potential to a working electrode and measuring the resulting current. It can characterize redox reactions through parameters like peak potentials and currents in cyclic voltammetry. Cyclic voltammetry cycles the potential of a working electrode versus a reference electrode and measures the current. It is used to study redox processes and obtain information about reaction kinetics and mechanisms. The peak separation and shapes of cyclic voltammograms provide information about whether redox processes are reversible or irreversible.
BCS theory
Dr. K. Ramya gave a lecture on superconductivity. The BCS theory proposed by Bardeen, Cooper and Schrieffer explains electron-phonon interaction in superconductors. In normal conductors, electrons scatter off vibrating atoms, increasing resistance. In superconductors, electron-phonon interaction decreases scattering, lowering energy. Electrons form Cooper pairs with equal and opposite momenta. Below a critical temperature, interaction between Cooper pairs and the positive ion core vanishes, resulting in zero resistivity and superconductivity. Applications of superconductivity include more efficient electrical generators, transformers, transmission lines, magnetic levitation, fast electrical switching, computer logic and storage, SQUIDs for magnetometry, and
6563.nuclear models
1. Nuclear models like the liquid drop model and shell model describe aspects of nuclear structure and behavior. The liquid drop model treats the nucleus like a liquid drop while the shell model treats nucleons as moving independently in nuclear orbits.
2. The shell model explains nuclear magic numbers and properties like spin and parity. Magic numbers correspond to nuclear stability when the number of protons or neutrons equals 2, 8, 20, 28, 50, 82, etc. The shell model accounts for magic numbers in terms of closed nuclear shells.
3. While insightful, nuclear models have limitations and do not fully describe all nuclear phenomena. The liquid drop model cannot explain magic numbers while the shell model fails to explain the stability of certain
2018 ELECTRON DIFFRACTION AND APPLICATIONS
Low energy electron diffraction (LEED) is a surface-sensitive technique used to determine the structure of crystalline surfaces. LEED works by firing low energy electrons (20-200 eV) at a sample surface and analyzing the diffraction pattern of elastically backscattered electrons on a fluorescent screen. The pattern provides information on the 2D periodic arrangement of atoms in the surface layer. LEED has advantages over x-ray diffraction for studying surfaces and thin films due to its surface sensitivity and ability to operate under vacuum conditions.
Recommended
Magnetic susceptibility of magnetic materials
This document summarizes the magnetic properties of different types of magnetic materials based on an experiment measuring their magnetic susceptibility. The four main types discussed are diamagnetic, paramagnetic, ferromagnetic, and antiferromagnetic. The experiment measures the magnetization of ZnO, ZnO doped with manganese, and nickel powder samples using a vibrator sample magnetometer. Based on the magnetic susceptibility calculations and curve shapes, ZnO is found to be diamagnetic, ZnO doped with manganese is paramagnetic, and nickel is ferromagnetic.
Electrochemistry
lecture slide on:
Gibbs free energy and Nernst Equation, Faradaic Processes and Factors Affecting Rates of Electrode Reactions, Potentials and Thermodynamics of Cells, Kinetics of Electrode Reactions, Kinetic controlled reactions,Essentials of Electrode Reactions,BUTLER-VOLMER MODEL FOR THE ONE-STEP, ONE-ELECTRON PROCESS,Current-overpotential curves for the system, Mass Transfer by Migration And Diffusion,MASS-TRANSFER-CONTROLLED REACTIONS,
Ls coupling presentation
This document discusses Russell-Saunders coupling notation for atomic states. It explains that there are two types of coupling - L-S coupling and J-J coupling. Under L-S coupling, the orbital angular momenta (L) and spin angular momenta (S) of electrons are coupled to give the total angular momentum (J) of the atom. The document defines key quantum numbers and describes how to read L-S coupling notation for an atomic state. It provides examples of singlet and triplet states for a two electron system.
Solid state physics (schottkey and frenkel)
This document discusses different types of lattice defects in crystals. It describes Schottky and Frenkel defects. A Schottky defect occurs in ionic crystals when equal numbers of oppositely charged ions leave their lattice sites, creating vacancies while maintaining overall charge neutrality. A Frenkel defect occurs when an atom moves from its lattice site to an interstitial site, producing a vacancy and interstitial. Schottky defects lower the crystal's density while Frenkel defects do not change density.
Cyclic voltammetry
Voltammetry involves applying a potential to a working electrode and measuring the resulting current. It can characterize redox reactions through parameters like peak potentials and currents in cyclic voltammetry. Cyclic voltammetry cycles the potential of a working electrode versus a reference electrode and measures the current. It is used to study redox processes and obtain information about reaction kinetics and mechanisms. The peak separation and shapes of cyclic voltammograms provide information about whether redox processes are reversible or irreversible.
BCS theory
Dr. K. Ramya gave a lecture on superconductivity. The BCS theory proposed by Bardeen, Cooper and Schrieffer explains electron-phonon interaction in superconductors. In normal conductors, electrons scatter off vibrating atoms, increasing resistance. In superconductors, electron-phonon interaction decreases scattering, lowering energy. Electrons form Cooper pairs with equal and opposite momenta. Below a critical temperature, interaction between Cooper pairs and the positive ion core vanishes, resulting in zero resistivity and superconductivity. Applications of superconductivity include more efficient electrical generators, transformers, transmission lines, magnetic levitation, fast electrical switching, computer logic and storage, SQUIDs for magnetometry, and
6563.nuclear models
1. Nuclear models like the liquid drop model and shell model describe aspects of nuclear structure and behavior. The liquid drop model treats the nucleus like a liquid drop while the shell model treats nucleons as moving independently in nuclear orbits.
2. The shell model explains nuclear magic numbers and properties like spin and parity. Magic numbers correspond to nuclear stability when the number of protons or neutrons equals 2, 8, 20, 28, 50, 82, etc. The shell model accounts for magic numbers in terms of closed nuclear shells.
3. While insightful, nuclear models have limitations and do not fully describe all nuclear phenomena. The liquid drop model cannot explain magic numbers while the shell model fails to explain the stability of certain
2018 ELECTRON DIFFRACTION AND APPLICATIONS
Low energy electron diffraction (LEED) is a surface-sensitive technique used to determine the structure of crystalline surfaces. LEED works by firing low energy electrons (20-200 eV) at a sample surface and analyzing the diffraction pattern of elastically backscattered electrons on a fluorescent screen. The pattern provides information on the 2D periodic arrangement of atoms in the surface layer. LEED has advantages over x-ray diffraction for studying surfaces and thin films due to its surface sensitivity and ability to operate under vacuum conditions.
Anamolous zeeman effect
Russell Saunders coupling and J-J coupling describe different schemes for coupling angular momenta in atomic systems. Russell Saunders coupling occurs when spin-orbit interactions are weaker than interactions between electrons. It involves combining orbital angular momenta (L) and spins (S) into total angular momentum (J). J-J coupling occurs in heavy atoms where spin-orbit interactions are strong. It involves first combining orbital and spin angular momenta for individual electrons (j) and then combining the j values. The document also discusses the anomalous Zeeman effect, Paschen-Back effect, and applications of the Fabry-Perot interferometer for measuring Zeeman splitting.
Electro chemistry
This document discusses electrochemistry and provides details about electrochemical cells. It contains the following key points:
1. Electrochemistry is the study of production of electricity from chemical reactions and use of electrical energy to drive non-spontaneous reactions.
2. An electrochemical cell converts chemical energy to electrical energy (galvanic/voltaic cell) or electrical energy to chemical energy (electrolytic cell).
3. A Daniell cell is a voltaic cell that generates a voltage of 1.1V from the redox reaction of zinc and copper. Measurement of electrode potentials and the Nernst equation are also discussed.
para magnetism And Di magnetism
This document discusses the magnetic properties of diamagnetic and paramagnetic materials. Diamagnetic materials are repelled by magnetic fields as they create an induced magnetic field in the opposite direction. They have no permanent dipoles. Paramagnetic materials are weakly attracted to magnetic fields as they have some unpaired electrons that create a net magnetic moment parallel to an applied field. The key difference is that paramagnetic materials are attracted to fields while diamagnetic materials are repelled.
Particle in a box- Application of Schrodinger wave equation
The document summarizes key concepts from quantum chemistry, including:
1) It introduces the historical development of quantum mechanics from classical mechanics and discusses how quantum theory was needed to describe atomic and subatomic phenomena.
2) It then summarizes the particle-like and wave-like properties of light and matter and introduces the Schrodinger equation.
3) The document concludes by presenting the particle-in-a-box model and explaining how solving the Schrodinger equation for this system shows that a particle's energy is quantized into discrete energy levels when confined in a box.
Born-Oppenheimer approximation.pptx
1) The Born-Oppenheimer approximation separates the motions of electrons and nuclei in molecules by treating the nuclei as fixed due to their large mass compared to electrons.
2) The Hamiltonian operator for a molecule is divided into electronic and nuclear terms.
3) A Slater determinant describes the wavefunction of a multi-electron system by incorporating the Pauli exclusion principle through its sign change upon exchange of electrons.
Classification of magnetic materials on the basis of magnetic moment
I made this presentation for my own college assignment and i had referred contents from websites and other presentations and made it presentable and reasonable hope you will like it!!!
Non-equilibrium Thermodynamics
INTRODUCTION AND APPLICATIONS OF NON-EQUILIBRIUM THERMODYNAMICS represented by Varinder Khepar ( PhD Chemistry), Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004
DIELECTRICS PPT
Dielectrics are materials that contain permanently aligned electric dipoles. When an electric field is applied, the dipoles in dielectric materials can undergo several types of polarization, including electronic, ionic, orientational, and space charge polarization. This polarization leads to an increase in the electric flux density and dielectric constant within the material. The dielectric constant is the ratio of the material's permeability to the permeability of free space and determines the material's behavior in electric fields.
Ferroelectric and piezoelectric materials
The document discusses piezoelectric and ferroelectric materials. It defines key terms like dielectric, polarization, and piezoelectric effect. It explains that piezoelectric materials can convert mechanical energy to electrical energy and vice versa. Ferroelectric materials are a special class of piezoelectric materials that exhibit spontaneous polarization without an electric field. Examples of naturally occurring and man-made piezoelectric crystals and ceramics are provided. Common applications of piezoelectric materials include sensors, actuators, generators, and memory devices.
Fermi dirac distribution
This document introduces the Fermi-Dirac distribution function. It begins by discussing basic concepts like the Fermi level and Fermi energy. It then covers Fermi and Bose statistics, and the postulates of Fermi particles. The derivation of the Fermi-Dirac distribution function is shown, which gives the probability of a quantum state being occupied at a given energy and temperature. Graphs are presented showing how the distribution varies with different temperatures. The classical limit of the distribution is discussed. References are provided at the end.
Semiconductor Devices Class 12 Part-1
This document discusses energy bands in solids and semiconductor devices. It explains how the discrete energy levels in isolated atoms merge and form continuous energy bands as atoms are brought together in a solid. In semiconductors, the valence band is full while the conduction band is empty, with a small band gap between them. Thermally excited electrons can cross this gap, making semiconductors weakly conductive. Doping a semiconductor with impurities introduces donors or acceptors that increase the number of free electrons or holes, making it an n-type or p-type extrinsic semiconductor. The carrier concentrations and conductivity of semiconductors are determined by factors like doping level, temperature, and carrier mobilities.
Nuclear Shell models
topic:Nuclear Shell models
subject:#Nuclear_Shell_models subject:#nuclear_physics
#NUCLEARMODEL #numanusama
Oxygen overpotential
This document discusses oxygen overvoltage and overpotential. It explains that oxygen overvoltage is the difference between the theoretical oxygen reduction potential of +1.23 V and the experimentally observed electrode potential. It occurs because oxygen reduction involves multiple steps - the oxidation of water to oxygen gas and protons, and then the reverse reduction of oxygen and protons back to water. These multi-step reactions contribute to an overpotential above the theoretical potential. The document also includes the electrochemical series and diagrams showing how concentration gradients and distance from the electrode surface can contribute to overvoltage.
Basic concepts in electrochemistry
1. Electrochemistry examines phenomena resulting from combined chemical and electrical effects. It covers electrolytic and galvanic processes.
2. An electrochemical cell consists of two electrodes and an electrolyte. Charge is transported by electron motion in electrodes and ion motion in electrolytes.
3. At each electrode, an oxidation or reduction half-cell reaction occurs. The overall reaction is the sum of the half reactions. Thermodynamics predicts which reaction will occur as oxidation or reduction.
Electrochemistry
Types of electrodes, Applications of EMF, Determination of pH, Faradays law of electrolysis, Electrolysis of sodium chloride, Ionic strength
CFT
The document summarizes key points about crystal field theory and its application to octahedral complexes. It discusses the historical development of metal complexes, assumptions of crystal field theory, and how it can be applied to explain splitting of d-orbitals in an octahedral complex. It also examines factors that affect crystal field stabilization energy, including the nature of the metal ion and ligands. Finally, it describes how crystal field theory can be used to understand the color and magnetic properties of complexes.
Classification of particles
This document discusses different ways of classifying elementary particles. Particles can be classified based on their interaction with fundamental forces, their intrinsic spin, or their composition. Regarding spin, particles are classified as fermions or bosons. Fermions have half-integer spin and obey Pauli's exclusion principle, while bosons have integer spin. Leptons are unaffected by the strong force and are fermions, while hadrons are affected by the strong force. Hadrons can be further classified as baryons, made of three quarks, or mesons, made of a quark and antiquark. The document also discusses properties of various particles like protons, neutrons, pions, and neutrinos.
Applications of Superconductivity
The uploader doesn't own any rights on the contents of this presentation file. Most of the contents are from www.wikipedia.org
Feel free to share this presentation file under Creative Commons license "Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike"
(CC BY-NC-SA)
Thanks
Selection rules for soectroscopic transitions
This document discusses selection rules and photochemistry concepts. It describes three main selection rules that govern transitions in complex metal ions: spin selection rules, orbital selection rules, and Laporte selection rules. Spin selection rules state that transitions can only occur between states of the same spin and multiplicity. Orbital selection rules indicate that d-d transitions are usually forbidden but can be partially allowed. Laporte selection rules are based on parity and state that transitions between states of the same parity are forbidden. The document also discusses the Franck-Condon principle and provides an abstract on photochemistry occurring on particulate matter and within liquid droplets.
Introduction to High temperature superconductors
This document provides an overview of high temperature superconductors. It defines superconductivity as zero electrical resistance below a critical temperature. High temperature superconductors have critical temperatures above that of liquid nitrogen. The two main types discussed are cuprates, which are copper-oxide based, and iron-based superconductors. Cuprates can achieve critical temperatures up to 133K, while iron-based conductors have reached 56K. Both exploit layered structures to achieve high critical temperatures. Applications of high temperature superconductors include magnetic levitation, power transmission, and superconducting magnets.
Electro chemistry
Electrochemistry is a branch of chemistry that studies chemical reactions which take place in a solution at the interface of an electron conductor (a metal or a semiconductor) and an ionic conductor (the electrolyte), and which involve electron transfer between the electrode and the electrolyte or species in solution. It studies the exchange of chemical and electrical energy. The document provides an overview of electrochemistry prepared by three students from the University of Slemani's School of Science Chemistry Department.
Phyics M4 Types of cells
This document discusses different types of cells, including primary cells that cannot be recharged, secondary cells that can be recharged, and generator cells that produce electricity. Primary cells include zinc-carbon, alkaline, button, manganese dioxide, and mercury and silver oxide cells. Secondary cells include lead-acid accumulators, nickel-cadmium, nickel-metal hydride, lithium-ion, and lithium polymer cells. Generator cells are solar cells and fuel cells, which produce electricity from light and chemical reactions, respectively. The choice of cell depends on factors like cost, energy demand, and energy density requirements.
More Related Content
What's hot
Anamolous zeeman effect
Russell Saunders coupling and J-J coupling describe different schemes for coupling angular momenta in atomic systems. Russell Saunders coupling occurs when spin-orbit interactions are weaker than interactions between electrons. It involves combining orbital angular momenta (L) and spins (S) into total angular momentum (J). J-J coupling occurs in heavy atoms where spin-orbit interactions are strong. It involves first combining orbital and spin angular momenta for individual electrons (j) and then combining the j values. The document also discusses the anomalous Zeeman effect, Paschen-Back effect, and applications of the Fabry-Perot interferometer for measuring Zeeman splitting.
Electro chemistry
This document discusses electrochemistry and provides details about electrochemical cells. It contains the following key points:
1. Electrochemistry is the study of production of electricity from chemical reactions and use of electrical energy to drive non-spontaneous reactions.
2. An electrochemical cell converts chemical energy to electrical energy (galvanic/voltaic cell) or electrical energy to chemical energy (electrolytic cell).
3. A Daniell cell is a voltaic cell that generates a voltage of 1.1V from the redox reaction of zinc and copper. Measurement of electrode potentials and the Nernst equation are also discussed.
para magnetism And Di magnetism
This document discusses the magnetic properties of diamagnetic and paramagnetic materials. Diamagnetic materials are repelled by magnetic fields as they create an induced magnetic field in the opposite direction. They have no permanent dipoles. Paramagnetic materials are weakly attracted to magnetic fields as they have some unpaired electrons that create a net magnetic moment parallel to an applied field. The key difference is that paramagnetic materials are attracted to fields while diamagnetic materials are repelled.
Particle in a box- Application of Schrodinger wave equation
The document summarizes key concepts from quantum chemistry, including:
1) It introduces the historical development of quantum mechanics from classical mechanics and discusses how quantum theory was needed to describe atomic and subatomic phenomena.
2) It then summarizes the particle-like and wave-like properties of light and matter and introduces the Schrodinger equation.
3) The document concludes by presenting the particle-in-a-box model and explaining how solving the Schrodinger equation for this system shows that a particle's energy is quantized into discrete energy levels when confined in a box.
Born-Oppenheimer approximation.pptx
1) The Born-Oppenheimer approximation separates the motions of electrons and nuclei in molecules by treating the nuclei as fixed due to their large mass compared to electrons.
2) The Hamiltonian operator for a molecule is divided into electronic and nuclear terms.
3) A Slater determinant describes the wavefunction of a multi-electron system by incorporating the Pauli exclusion principle through its sign change upon exchange of electrons.
Classification of magnetic materials on the basis of magnetic moment
I made this presentation for my own college assignment and i had referred contents from websites and other presentations and made it presentable and reasonable hope you will like it!!!
Non-equilibrium Thermodynamics
INTRODUCTION AND APPLICATIONS OF NON-EQUILIBRIUM THERMODYNAMICS represented by Varinder Khepar ( PhD Chemistry), Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004
DIELECTRICS PPT
Dielectrics are materials that contain permanently aligned electric dipoles. When an electric field is applied, the dipoles in dielectric materials can undergo several types of polarization, including electronic, ionic, orientational, and space charge polarization. This polarization leads to an increase in the electric flux density and dielectric constant within the material. The dielectric constant is the ratio of the material's permeability to the permeability of free space and determines the material's behavior in electric fields.
Ferroelectric and piezoelectric materials
The document discusses piezoelectric and ferroelectric materials. It defines key terms like dielectric, polarization, and piezoelectric effect. It explains that piezoelectric materials can convert mechanical energy to electrical energy and vice versa. Ferroelectric materials are a special class of piezoelectric materials that exhibit spontaneous polarization without an electric field. Examples of naturally occurring and man-made piezoelectric crystals and ceramics are provided. Common applications of piezoelectric materials include sensors, actuators, generators, and memory devices.
Fermi dirac distribution
This document introduces the Fermi-Dirac distribution function. It begins by discussing basic concepts like the Fermi level and Fermi energy. It then covers Fermi and Bose statistics, and the postulates of Fermi particles. The derivation of the Fermi-Dirac distribution function is shown, which gives the probability of a quantum state being occupied at a given energy and temperature. Graphs are presented showing how the distribution varies with different temperatures. The classical limit of the distribution is discussed. References are provided at the end.
Semiconductor Devices Class 12 Part-1
This document discusses energy bands in solids and semiconductor devices. It explains how the discrete energy levels in isolated atoms merge and form continuous energy bands as atoms are brought together in a solid. In semiconductors, the valence band is full while the conduction band is empty, with a small band gap between them. Thermally excited electrons can cross this gap, making semiconductors weakly conductive. Doping a semiconductor with impurities introduces donors or acceptors that increase the number of free electrons or holes, making it an n-type or p-type extrinsic semiconductor. The carrier concentrations and conductivity of semiconductors are determined by factors like doping level, temperature, and carrier mobilities.
Nuclear Shell models
topic:Nuclear Shell models
subject:#Nuclear_Shell_models subject:#nuclear_physics
#NUCLEARMODEL #numanusama
Oxygen overpotential
This document discusses oxygen overvoltage and overpotential. It explains that oxygen overvoltage is the difference between the theoretical oxygen reduction potential of +1.23 V and the experimentally observed electrode potential. It occurs because oxygen reduction involves multiple steps - the oxidation of water to oxygen gas and protons, and then the reverse reduction of oxygen and protons back to water. These multi-step reactions contribute to an overpotential above the theoretical potential. The document also includes the electrochemical series and diagrams showing how concentration gradients and distance from the electrode surface can contribute to overvoltage.
Basic concepts in electrochemistry
1. Electrochemistry examines phenomena resulting from combined chemical and electrical effects. It covers electrolytic and galvanic processes.
2. An electrochemical cell consists of two electrodes and an electrolyte. Charge is transported by electron motion in electrodes and ion motion in electrolytes.
3. At each electrode, an oxidation or reduction half-cell reaction occurs. The overall reaction is the sum of the half reactions. Thermodynamics predicts which reaction will occur as oxidation or reduction.
Electrochemistry
Types of electrodes, Applications of EMF, Determination of pH, Faradays law of electrolysis, Electrolysis of sodium chloride, Ionic strength
CFT
The document summarizes key points about crystal field theory and its application to octahedral complexes. It discusses the historical development of metal complexes, assumptions of crystal field theory, and how it can be applied to explain splitting of d-orbitals in an octahedral complex. It also examines factors that affect crystal field stabilization energy, including the nature of the metal ion and ligands. Finally, it describes how crystal field theory can be used to understand the color and magnetic properties of complexes.
Classification of particles
This document discusses different ways of classifying elementary particles. Particles can be classified based on their interaction with fundamental forces, their intrinsic spin, or their composition. Regarding spin, particles are classified as fermions or bosons. Fermions have half-integer spin and obey Pauli's exclusion principle, while bosons have integer spin. Leptons are unaffected by the strong force and are fermions, while hadrons are affected by the strong force. Hadrons can be further classified as baryons, made of three quarks, or mesons, made of a quark and antiquark. The document also discusses properties of various particles like protons, neutrons, pions, and neutrinos.
Applications of Superconductivity
The uploader doesn't own any rights on the contents of this presentation file. Most of the contents are from www.wikipedia.org
Feel free to share this presentation file under Creative Commons license "Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike"
(CC BY-NC-SA)
Thanks
Selection rules for soectroscopic transitions
This document discusses selection rules and photochemistry concepts. It describes three main selection rules that govern transitions in complex metal ions: spin selection rules, orbital selection rules, and Laporte selection rules. Spin selection rules state that transitions can only occur between states of the same spin and multiplicity. Orbital selection rules indicate that d-d transitions are usually forbidden but can be partially allowed. Laporte selection rules are based on parity and state that transitions between states of the same parity are forbidden. The document also discusses the Franck-Condon principle and provides an abstract on photochemistry occurring on particulate matter and within liquid droplets.
Introduction to High temperature superconductors
This document provides an overview of high temperature superconductors. It defines superconductivity as zero electrical resistance below a critical temperature. High temperature superconductors have critical temperatures above that of liquid nitrogen. The two main types discussed are cuprates, which are copper-oxide based, and iron-based superconductors. Cuprates can achieve critical temperatures up to 133K, while iron-based conductors have reached 56K. Both exploit layered structures to achieve high critical temperatures. Applications of high temperature superconductors include magnetic levitation, power transmission, and superconducting magnets.
What's hot (20)
Particle in a box- Application of Schrodinger wave equation
Particle in a box- Application of Schrodinger wave equation
Classification of magnetic materials on the basis of magnetic moment
Classification of magnetic materials on the basis of magnetic moment
Viewers also liked
Electro chemistry
Electrochemistry is a branch of chemistry that studies chemical reactions which take place in a solution at the interface of an electron conductor (a metal or a semiconductor) and an ionic conductor (the electrolyte), and which involve electron transfer between the electrode and the electrolyte or species in solution. It studies the exchange of chemical and electrical energy. The document provides an overview of electrochemistry prepared by three students from the University of Slemani's School of Science Chemistry Department.
Phyics M4 Types of cells
This document discusses different types of cells, including primary cells that cannot be recharged, secondary cells that can be recharged, and generator cells that produce electricity. Primary cells include zinc-carbon, alkaline, button, manganese dioxide, and mercury and silver oxide cells. Secondary cells include lead-acid accumulators, nickel-cadmium, nickel-metal hydride, lithium-ion, and lithium polymer cells. Generator cells are solar cells and fuel cells, which produce electricity from light and chemical reactions, respectively. The choice of cell depends on factors like cost, energy demand, and energy density requirements.
Electro chemical cells
Here are the identifications:
Anode - Zn electrode
Cathode - Cu electrode
Salt bridge - Porous material connecting the two half cells
Chemistry Of Cells
This document discusses the four main macromolecules found in cells: carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins. Carbohydrates act as fuel for cells and are made of sugars. Lipids are mainly non-polar compounds that function in energy storage as triglycerides and in cell membranes as phospholipids. Nucleic acids like DNA and RNA store and transmit genetic information using nucleotides. Proteins have seven major functions and are made of amino acids arranged in unique sequences that determine 3D structure.
Introduction to electrochemistry by t. hara
This document provides an introduction to electrochemistry. It discusses how electrochemistry involves the conversion of chemical energy to electrical energy, as in primary batteries where a spontaneous reaction between zinc and copper electrodes produces a flow of electrons. It also discusses the reverse process of converting electrical energy to chemical energy, as in secondary batteries that can be recharged. Key concepts covered include oxidation, reduction, standard reduction potentials, anodes, cathodes, and how electrochemical cells work through balanced redox reactions while conserving mass and charge.
Electro chemistry
Electrochemistry,Electrolytic and Metallic Conduction,Specific Resistance or resistivity (ρ),Specific Conductance or Conductivity (κ),Equivalent Conductance (Λ), Molar Conductance (Λm),Variation of Conductance with Dilution,Debye-Hückel-Onsager Equation,Kohlransch’s Law of Independent Migration of Ions,Faraday’s Laws of Electrolysis,Electrochemical Cells,The Nernst Equation,Oxidation Number
Oxidation Number / State Method For Balancing Redox Reactions,Half-Reaction or Ion-Electron Method For Balancing Redox Reactions,Half-Reaction or Ion-Electron Method For Balancing Redox Reactions,Common Oxidising and Reducing Agents
Charging and Discharging Objects
An electroscope is a device used to test if an object is charged. It consists of a metal ball, rod and leaves. When neutral, the leaves stay together, but when charged, they repel each other. Charging can occur through contact or induction. Induction involves charging an object without direct contact by using a nearby charged object to move its electrons. Grounding provides a path for charges to travel to or from the ground.
Static Electricity
Static electricity occurs when objects become electrically charged through the transfer of electrons. Charging occurs when two materials are rubbed together, causing electrons to move from one material to the other. This leaves one material with an excess of electrons and a negative charge, and the other material with a deficit of electrons and a positive charge. The electric charges remain on the surface of the objects until they are given a path to ground or neutralize each other through contact or discharge.
Supercapacitors
Supercapacitors offer a promising alternative approach to meeting the increasing power demands of energy storage systems and electronic devices. With their high power density, ability to perform in extreme temperatures, and millions of charge-recharge cycle capabilities, supercapacitors can increase circuit performance and prolong the life of batteries. This can add value to the end-product and ultimately reduce the costs to the customer by reducing the amount of batteries needed and the frequency of the replacement of the batteries, which adds greatly to the environmental friendliness of the end-product as well.
Electrolytic cells
Introduction to and mathematics of electrolytic cells, including electrolysis of water, sodium chloride solution and liquid sodium chloride.
Supercapacitors
Supercapacitors can store more energy than regular capacitors through electrochemical double layer capacitance. They provide very high charge/discharge rates, long cycle life, and high efficiency. While supercapacitors have lower energy density than batteries, they compensate with much higher power density and longer lifespan. Applications include public transportation, hybrid electric vehicles, backup power systems, and consumer electronics where high power delivery is needed.
Viewers also liked (11)
Similar to Chemical cell
Electrical current.pptx
This will cover chapter one and two of medical physics.Slides to help students in electrotherapy medical physics part.will cover part from the book and internet source includes
Thermal effect of current
Chemical effects
Cell/batteries
Electronic tube
Diodes
Triodes
Electrolysis
Electrical burns
Primary and Secondary Batteries with example.pptx
Cell, battery and its classification
Example of primary and secondary battery
discharging and charging process
cell
Ni-Cd battery
Silver button cell
Unit-III-ELECTROCHEMICAL STORAGE DEVICES.ppt
Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
Fuel Cells: Introduction- importance and classification of fuel cells - description, principle, components, applications of fuel cells: H2-O2 fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cells.
Lecture 6 BATTERIES 2023.pptx
Batteries store chemical energy and make it available as electrical energy. They are composed of electrochemical cells with an anode, cathode, and electrolyte. Primary batteries can be used once while secondary batteries can be recharged and used multiple times. Common battery types include lead-acid, nickel-cadmium, nickel-metal hydride, and lithium-ion. Lithium-ion batteries have a high energy density and are used widely in electronics.
GALVANIC AND ELECTROLYTIC CELL
A Daniell cell is a galvanic cell that uses the spontaneous redox reaction between zinc and copper(II) ions to produce an electric current. It consists of an outer copper vessel containing a copper electrode in a copper(II) sulfate solution and an inner amalgamated zinc electrode in a zinc sulfate solution, separated by a salt bridge. Electrons flow from the zinc anode through the external circuit to the copper cathode. The cell reactions involve the oxidation of zinc to zinc ions at the anode and the reduction of copper ions to copper at the cathode.
Current electrcity
This document provides an overview of current electricity topics including definitions of cells and batteries, types of cells like simple voltage cells, wet Leclanche cells, and dry cells. It discusses how cells work and how cells can be combined in series and parallel. It also summarizes thermal effects of current, electrolysis, electrolytic burns, ionization of gases, thermionic emission, diodes, triodes, and electronic tubes.
Electrochemistry
1. Electrochemistry involves chemical reactions caused by the introduction of electrical energy. Alessandro Volta discovered batteries in 1793 by placing different metals in water. (2) Berzelius later proposed that atoms are electrified, with metals being positive and non-metals negative. (3) Galvanic cells convert chemical energy to electrical energy through spontaneous redox reactions between two half-cells separated by a salt bridge.
Blog
Cells generate electricity through chemical reactions. There are several common types of cells: dry cells, mercury cells, nickel cadmium cells, and lithium ion cells. Dry cells consist of a zinc container holding a mixture of manganese dioxide and carbon powder with an electrolyte and graphite rod. Chemical reactions in the cell produce electricity that flows through connected devices. Mercury cells are similar but smaller in size and contain mercury, making them an environmental hazard. Storage cells like nickel cadmium and lithium ion cells can be recharged for reuse unlike dry and mercury cells.
Introduction to electricity 2
This document discusses different types of electricity including static electricity, current electricity, and two types of electric current - direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC). It provides examples of sources of each type of current such as batteries for DC and power plants for AC. It also describes the components of batteries and different types of batteries including primary batteries that are single-use and secondary batteries that can be recharged.
cell and batteries
Cells and batteries produce electricity through chemical reactions. Primary cells like zinc-carbon and alkaline cells are disposable, while secondary cells like lead-acid batteries can be recharged. Zinc-carbon cells use zinc and manganese dioxide electrodes with a paste electrolyte, producing 1.5 volts. Alkaline cells last longer with zinc and manganese dioxide electrodes in an alkaline electrolyte. Fuel cells like alkaline fuel cells continuously supply reactants to produce electricity, avoiding energy losses of power stations. Fuel cells may power vehicles as an alternative to combustion engines.
Battery fuel cell terms
The document provides information about batteries, including key terms like anode, cathode, electrolyte, and different types of primary and secondary cells. It discusses common battery chemistries like zinc-carbon, alkaline, lithium, lead-acid, nickel-cadmium and their uses in devices. The document also covers battery charging and explains that charging batteries involves reversing chemical reactions through an electrical current to replenish the stored energy.
Chapter 13 electricity
This document discusses electricity and electrical circuits. It begins by asking what a day without electricity would be like. It then defines electricity as the flow of electrical power or charge through a material. It discusses primary and secondary cells, including common examples like dry cells, batteries, and button cells. It describes the structure and function of dry cells, how cells connect to form batteries, and the basic components and functioning of electrical circuits, including sources, switches, wires, and appliances. Diagrams are used to illustrate electrical circuits. Common conducting materials for wires like copper and aluminum are also mentioned. The document closes by asking about the uses of electricity around us.
Chapter 13 electricity
This document discusses electricity and electrical circuits. It begins by asking what a day without electricity would be like. It then defines electricity as the flow of electrical power or charge through a material. It discusses primary and secondary cells, including common examples like dry cells, batteries, and button cells. It describes the structure and function of dry cells. An electric circuit is defined as the path of electricity flow, and it lists the basic components as a source, switch, connecting wires, and appliance. Circuit diagrams use symbols to represent electric circuits. Common conductors of electricity like silver, copper and aluminum are also mentioned. The document closes by asking about the uses of electricity around us.
Battery Notes
This document provides information about cells and batteries. It defines a galvanic cell as the combination of two metals (electrodes) in an aqueous solution that produces electrical energy from chemical energy. A battery is made of two or more galvanic cells connected together. Primary cells, like zinc-carbon and alkaline batteries, are designed to be used once and discarded, while secondary cells, like lead-acid and nickel-cadmium batteries, can be recharged by an external power source. The document then describes various types of primary and secondary cells and their applications.
Presentation on electronic battery
The document discusses batteries, including their history, types, and environmental impact. It provides information on different types of batteries such as primary batteries that cannot be recharged and secondary batteries that can be recharged. Some key battery types discussed include lithium-ion batteries commonly used in electronics, lead-acid batteries used in vehicles, and nickel-cadmium batteries which are prone to memory effects. The document also notes that while batteries provide portable power, discarded batteries release chemicals that harm the environment.
chemistry project G12 term 1.pptx
Faisal Alshaya is a grade 12 student. Electroplating is a process that uses an electric current to produce a metal coating on a solid substrate through the reduction of metal cations. A galvanic cell, also known as a voltaic cell, generates an electric current through spontaneous oxidation-reduction reactions between two different metals immersed in their ion solutions separated by a salt bridge. An electrolytic cell uses an external electric current to drive a non-spontaneous chemical reaction between an electrolyte and two electrodes - a cathode where reduction occurs and an anode where oxidation occurs.
ELECTRICITY
This document discusses electricity and electrical circuits. It defines conductors as materials that allow electric current to pass through and insulators as materials that do not allow current to pass through. It explains that batteries and generators are common sources of electric current and that batteries produce electricity through chemical reactions, with primary cells being non-rechargeable and secondary cells being rechargeable. The document also provides diagrams of open and closed circuits and labels the basic parts of a simple light bulb.
Battery ppt
This presentation discusses lead acid batteries. It describes lead acid batteries as a type of secondary cell that can be recharged through a reversible chemical reaction. The document outlines the construction of lead acid batteries, including their lead and sulfuric acid components, plastic case, lead plates coated in lead dioxide and spongy lead, and separator. It also explains the four stages of the battery's working: charged, discharging, discharged, and recharging.
Chemical energy storage
The document discusses various types of chemical energy storage batteries. It begins by defining batteries as devices that convert chemical energy to electrical energy through electrochemical reactions. Batteries are then classified as either primary (non-rechargeable) or secondary (rechargeable) batteries. Several common battery types are described in detail, including lead-acid, nickel-cadmium, lithium-ion, sodium-sulfur, and zinc-bromine batteries. Their basic workings, advantages, and disadvantages are summarized. The document also discusses fuel cells as another method of chemical energy storage.
Battery Technology.pptx
A battery is a device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy through redox reactions. It consists of two or more electrochemical cells connected in series or parallel. The key components of a battery are the anode, cathode, electrolyte, and separator. During discharge, oxidation occurs at the anode and release of electrons, while reduction occurs at the cathode with absorption of electrons. Rechargeable batteries can be charged by passing a current in the opposite direction of discharge. Common types include lead-acid batteries, lithium-ion batteries, and nickel-metal hydride batteries.
Similar to Chemical cell (20)
Recently uploaded
karnataka housing board schemes . all schemes
The Karnataka government, along with the central government’s Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY), offers various housing schemes to cater to the diverse needs of citizens across the state. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the major housing schemes available in the Karnataka housing board for both urban and rural areas in 2024.
在线办理(ISU毕业证书)爱荷华州立大学毕业证学历证书一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(ISU毕业证书)爱荷华州立大学毕业证学历证书》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Contributi dei parlamentari del PD - Contributi L. 3/2019
DI SEGUITO SONO PUBBLICATI, AI SENSI DELL'ART. 11 DELLA LEGGE N. 3/2019, GLI IMPORTI RICEVUTI DALL'ENTRATA IN VIGORE DELLA SUDDETTA NORMA (31/01/2019) E FINO AL MESE SOLARE ANTECEDENTE QUELLO DELLA PUBBLICAZIONE SUL PRESENTE SITO
Milton Keynes Hospital Charity - A guide to leaving a gift in your Will
A forever thank you in your Will to Milton Keynes University Hospital can change lives for years to come.
2024: The FAR - Federal Acquisition Regulations, Part 42
Jennifer Schaus and Associates hosts a complimentary webinar series on The FAR in 2024. Join the webinars on Wednesdays and Fridays at noon, eastern.
Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
How To Cultivate Community Affinity Throughout The Generosity Journey
This session will dive into how to create rich generosity experiences that foster long-lasting relationships. You’ll walk away with actionable insights to redefine how you engage with your supporters — emphasizing trust, engagement, and community!
Indira awas yojana housing scheme renamed as PMAY
Indira Awas Yojana (IAY) played a significant role in addressing rural housing needs in India. It emerged as a comprehensive program for affordable housing solutions in rural areas, predating the government’s broader focus on mass housing initiatives.
加急办理华威大学毕业证硕士文凭证书原版一模一样
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【华威大学毕业证硕士文凭证书】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
PUBLIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (PFMS) and DBT.pptx
PUBLIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (PFMS) and DBT - EXPLANATION
Practical guide for the celebration of World Environment Day on june 5th.
Land degradation, desertification and drought resilience. UN ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME -WORLD ENVIRONMENT DAY 2024.
原版制作(DPU毕业证书)德保罗大学毕业证Offer一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(DPU毕业证书)德保罗大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Bangladesh studies presentation on Liberation War 1971 Indepence-of-Banglades...
Bangladesh studies presentation on Liberation War 1971
原版制作(英国Southampton毕业证书)南安普顿大学毕业证录取通知书一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(英国Southampton毕业证书)南安普顿大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
快速办理(UVM毕业证书)佛蒙特大学毕业证学位证一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(UVM毕业证书)佛蒙特大学毕业证学位证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
G7 Apulia Leaders Communique, 14th June 2024
G7 Apulia Leaders Communique, June 2024
" The present Canon of the West"
IEA World Energy Investment June 2024- Statistics
IEA World Energy Investment Report 2024
Publication: June 2024
Recently uploaded (20)
Contributi dei parlamentari del PD - Contributi L. 3/2019
Contributi dei parlamentari del PD - Contributi L. 3/2019
Milton Keynes Hospital Charity - A guide to leaving a gift in your Will
Milton Keynes Hospital Charity - A guide to leaving a gift in your Will
2024: The FAR - Federal Acquisition Regulations, Part 42
2024: The FAR - Federal Acquisition Regulations, Part 42
How To Cultivate Community Affinity Throughout The Generosity Journey
How To Cultivate Community Affinity Throughout The Generosity Journey
PUBLIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (PFMS) and DBT.pptx
PUBLIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (PFMS) and DBT.pptx
Practical guide for the celebration of World Environment Day on june 5th.
Practical guide for the celebration of World Environment Day on june 5th.
Bangladesh studies presentation on Liberation War 1971 Indepence-of-Banglades...
Bangladesh studies presentation on Liberation War 1971 Indepence-of-Banglades...
Chemical cell
- 2. Electric Current Electronic current is the flow of electronic charge through a medium. This change is typically carried by moving electrons in a conductor such as wire.
- 3. Electrochemical cell A cell is a device that converts the stored chemical energy into electrical energy under certain condition. Hence it is also called electro chemical cell. It is an energy storage device.
- 4. Types of electrochemical cell • Simple cell (Volta’s cell) • The Leclanche cell • The dry cell • Nickel cadmium cell • The button cell
- 5. Simple cell (Volta’s cell) • Invented in 1799 by Alessandro Volta. • The chemical reaction between sulphuric acid, zinc and copper causes an electric current to flow. • When we convert the wires on both plates, the electrons will move from the zinc plate to the copper plate (electric current will flow).
- 7. The Leclanche cell • Invented in 1866 by Georges Leclanche. • The cell contained a conducting solution (electrolyte) of ammonium chloride a cathode (positive pole) of carbon. • A mixture of manganese dioxide, and an anode (negative pole) of zinc. • The chemical reaction between manganese dioxide, zinc and ammonium chloride causes an electric current will flow.
- 9. The Dry cell • Invented in 1888 by Carl Gassner. • It has three components negative electrode (zinc chloride ,ammonium chloride), positive electrode(carbon) and solution. • When we connect the wires on both rods the electrons will moves from zinc rod to carbon rod (electric current will flow). • Dry cells are used in flash lights, hand- held video games devices, cameras and clocks.
- 11. Nickel cadmium cell • Invented in 1899 by Waldmar Jungner. • In this cell, the metal cadmium (Cd) from the negative pole and nickel (Ni) and the positive pole. • The space between the poles is filled with the alkali potassium hydroxide. • It can be recharged. • The cell is made air tight to prevent both leakage and corrosion in a recharge a battery.
- 13. The button cell • Invented in 1980 by John Goodenough. • It is also called lithium cell. • It has carbon as its positive pole and lithium iron phosphate as its negative pole. • It is easy to use. • It does not damage to the other delicate parts of the gadget because it does not leak. • It cannot be recharged.
- 15. Disadvantages/user safety precautions • Store the batteries on cool place. • ESD (Electrostatic Discharge) Bags • Do not put batteries into plastic bags designed to protect component from electrostatic discharge. • Never reverse charge or overcharge with high currents. • Never disassemble a battery and may damage skin and clothes.
- 16. Acknowledgements • Images – goople.com • Ref - Balbharati text book of SSC board std VIII.