Safe Material Handling

Material Handling EquipmentMaterial Handling Equipment
http://healthsafetyupdates.blogsp
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To provide guidelinesTo provide guidelines
•Handling Materials manuallyHandling Materials manually
•Using moving machinery likeUsing moving machinery like
⇒ Fork Lift TrucksFork Lift Trucks
⇒ ConveyorsConveyors
⇒ Cranes and DerricksCranes and Derricks
⇒ Tower CranesTower Cranes
⇒ Overhead and Gantry CranesOverhead and Gantry Cranes
⇒ Mobile CranesMobile Cranes
⇒ Passenger Lifts and Material HoistsPassenger Lifts and Material Hoists
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Associated Hazards
• Poor site layouts
• Falls from Vehicle
• Height Restriction
• Overturning
• Collisions
• Striking people and equipment
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Responsibility
Departments
Drivers
Consultants
Contractors
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Manual Lifting
• Not to carry loads above capacity
• Loads shall not exceed 50 kg. for men, 20 kg. For women
• Mechanical lifting is preferable
• Safe lifting postures
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•Safe lifting posturesSafe lifting postures
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Mechanical Lifting
• Trained Drivers and Operators
• Adequately skilled
•No persons below 18 years of age
Who should use ?
Suitable sticker to be pasted on the helmet on trained
driver/operator - for easy identification
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Which one to use ?
• All lifting machines and lifting tackles bearing
⇒ Identification mark
⇒ Safe Working Load
⇒ Date of Last test
ANDAND
• Fit for Use
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General Precautions
• The Load is safe and secured while lifting
• Slinging method is proper
• Lifted load not exceeding safe working load
• Load is so slung, that it will not collapse or does not damage the
sling
• No load is unattended when power is on or load is suspended
above machinery
• No person shall ride on the suspended load or lifting machinery
• All persons shall strictly use helmets and safety shoes
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Fork Lift Trucks
Be provided with Overhead ProtectionBe provided with Overhead Protection
Must be fully insideMust be fully inside Must notMust not
UNSAFEUNSAFE
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Fork Lift Trucks
•No attachment shall be incorporated, without taking necessary precautionsNo attachment shall be incorporated, without taking necessary precautions
•Fork-lift should be stableFork-lift should be stable
•If Load is obstructing, drive in reverse gearIf Load is obstructing, drive in reverse gear
•Fork must be kept 15-20 cm above floorFork must be kept 15-20 cm above floor
•Drive at a slow and safe speed, avoid sudden start and stopDrive at a slow and safe speed, avoid sudden start and stop
•Avoid driving over any object lying of the pathAvoid driving over any object lying of the path
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Conveyors
11
22
33
Starting Sequence = 3 - 2 - 1
Stopping Sequence = 1 - 2 - 3
Design
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Conveyors
• Stop switch at operator’s station and near motor
•Emergency Switch – pull chord – must be operative all time
•Proper interlock to start
•Screw conveyors to be guarded to prevent contact
•Proper guard to be provided, if required to work below conveyor
•Riding or crossing-over a conveyor is not allowed
•All pulleys, belt nips, idlers are to be guarded
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SAFETY DEVICESSAFETY DEVICES
•HOOK LATCHHOOK LATCH
•BOOM LIMIT SWITCHBOOM LIMIT SWITCH
•BOOM ANGLE INDICATORBOOM ANGLE INDICATOR
•OVER HOIST LIMIT SWITCHOVER HOIST LIMIT SWITCH
Boom Limit Switch
Over Hoist Limit switch
Hook Latch
Boom angle indicator
Cranes and Derricks
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Unsafe Practices
Non-Use of Hook Latch
Remedial Measures
Use Hook latch to
avoid slings from
getting removed
from hook
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•A is a point in the Tipping of Crane
•To achieve the stability of Crane the
following equation should be satisfied
•Moment about point A
•W1 X L1 + W2 X L2 ≥ W3 X L3
Tipping Axis
STABILITY
L2
L1 L3
A
W3
W1
W2
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• Must comply with the manufacturer’s specification and limitations
•Rated capacity, operating speed and hazard warning shall be pasted clearly
•Standard Hand Signals from authorised person are to be used
•A minimum one distance clearance between swing radius of greatest extension.
•Crane shall be stationed on firm ground when operating
•Cranes must not be operated between sun-set and sun-rise, without adequate
lighting arrangements
•Suitable horns, head lights, side lamps, rear & stop lights and flashing
direction indicator
•Tyre pressure to be maintained correctly always
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When traveling up a gradient, the
load shall be derricked out
When traveling down a gradient,
the load shall be derricked into
Position shall be corrected on reaching the level ground
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When leaving crane, operator must
• Lower any suspended load to the ground
• Disengage the clutch
• Engage all safety locks
• Secure boom against high winds
When parking over night, in addition to the above
• Release the load
• Lower the boom to ground
• Provide wheel locks and wheel blocks
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Except where Electrical Lines are de-energised
In transit with no load and boom lowered
1.2 meters for ≤ 50kV
3 meters for > 50kV and ≤ 345 kV
4.8 meters for > 345kV and ≤ 750 kV
Minimum clearance between the electric lines and any part of crane
3 meters for ≤ 50kV
3 meters plus 1 cm for each 1 kV over 50 kV, for > 50kV
A person shall be designated to observe clearance of the equipment
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While working under HT cables
1. Electrical department Representative and Job Supervisor MUST
be present through out
2. Written clearance MUST be obtained from
• Electrical Department
• Mechanical Department
• Safety Officer
Any overhead wire shall be considered to be an energized
line unless and until the person owning such line or
electrical utilities authority indicates that it is not an
energized line and has been visibly grounded.
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Tower Cranes
• Tower cranes shall be erected, jumped or dismantled under the direct
supervision of a competent person, in accordance with the
manufacturer’s specification.
• A Professional engineer shall certify that the crane foundation and
underlying soil are adequate to support
• Tower cranes shall be positioned whereby they can swing 360°
• Suitable limit switch is to be installed, if it strikes an object.
• Direct voice communication between the operator and the signal man.
• Operating controls shall be properly marked.
• In installed on existing building or new construction, structural
engineer shall certify that the building is designed to withstand the
torque and loads.
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Tower Cranes
• Capacity chart shall be furnished by crane manufacturer and shall be
pasted in operator’s cabin. Chart shall be visible and readable to the
operator at the normal operating position.
• shall have adequate overhead protection to the operator
•Access to operator’s cab shall be safe and approved by competent
authority.
•For inspection and maintenance, ladders, walkways with railing and
fall protection devices must be provided.
• slewing brake must be able to hold the boom and load
•Tower cranes shall not be erected or raised when wind velocity
exceed 20 kmph
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Overhead and Gantry Cranes
• The rated load shall be plainly marked on each side of the crane
•Bridge trucks shall be equipped with sweeps, which extend below the top of
the rail and project in front of the truck wheel
•Effective audible signal
•An unobstructed passageway of 600 mm width shall be maintained between
any part of the lifting appliance and any guard rail, fencing or other nearby
fixtures.
•Platforms for crane drivers and signalers shall be sufficient area provided
with safe means of access
•Cabins for drivers shall have unrestricted visibility, safe access and weather
protected.
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Stability of Lifting Appliances
• Adequate precaution to ensure stability of lifting appliance used on a soft
or uneven surface or on a slope
•Cranes shall be
•Anchored to the ground or other foundations. Rail Tracks shall not be
used as anchorage.
•Securely counter-weighted to prevent over turning
•A diagram of the counter weight indicating the position shall be affixed
on the crane
•Anchorage shall be examined by a competent person by applying 1.25
times the rated load. Report of this test shall be maintained at the
construction site by the contractor.
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Safe Material Handling

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Safe Material Handling