1. The document discusses atomic structure, electric charge, conductors and insulators. Atoms are composed of a positively charged nucleus surrounded by negatively charged electrons. Conductors allow electrons to move freely while electrons are tightly bound in insulators.
2. Objects can gain or lose electrons through charging by friction or contact. Charging by induction occurs when a charged object induces opposite charges in an uncharged object without direct contact.
3. Lightning results from charging by induction during thunderstorms as negatively charged clouds induce positive charges on the earth's surface. When the charges build up enough, a lightning strike occurs as electrons rush from the cloud to the ground or between clouds.
The Electrostatic Discharge is defined as the sudden transfer of electro static charges between bodies at different potentials caused by direct contact or induced electro static fields.
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Mczee explains Conservation of Linear Momentumyoumarks
Our Mczee again stuck in a climbing problem. This time with a balloon. But he learns a lot of physics with this experience. And guess who helps in understanding the stuff?
A checklist, from simple to more complex, of facts, concepts, skills, and questions to ask yourself when learning a new reaction in organic chemistry. From www.masterorganicchemistry.com
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Learning Objectives
Define electric charge, and describe how the two types of charge interact.
Desribe three common situations that generate static electricity. State the law of conservation of charge.
Describe three methods for charging an object.
State Coulomb’s law
Describe an electric field diagram of a positive point charge; of a negative point charge with twice the magnitude of positive charge
Draw the electric field lines between two points of the same charge; between two points of opposite charge.
Thank you So much
In physics, a force is an influence that can change the motion of an object. A force can cause an object with mass to change its velocity, i.e., to accelerate. Force can also be described intuitively as a push or a pull. A force has both magnitude and direction, making it a vector quantity
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f you offer a service on the web, odds are that someone will abuse it. Be it an API, a SaaS, a PaaS, or even a static website, someone somewhere will try to figure out a way to use it to their own needs. In this talk we'll compare measures that are effective against static attackers and how to battle a dynamic attacker who adapts to your counter-measures.
About the Speaker
===============
Diogo Sousa, Engineering Manager @ Canonical
An opinionated individual with an interest in cryptography and its intersection with secure software development.
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Introducing Acorn Recovery as a Service, a simple, fast, and secure managed disaster recovery (DRaaS) by IP ServerOne. A DR solution that helps restore your IT infra within minutes.
This presentation by Morris Kleiner (University of Minnesota), was made during the discussion “Competition and Regulation in Professions and Occupations” held at the Working Party No. 2 on Competition and Regulation on 10 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/crps.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation, created by Syed Faiz ul Hassan, explores the profound influence of media on public perception and behavior. It delves into the evolution of media from oral traditions to modern digital and social media platforms. Key topics include the role of media in information propagation, socialization, crisis awareness, globalization, and education. The presentation also examines media influence through agenda setting, propaganda, and manipulative techniques used by advertisers and marketers. Furthermore, it highlights the impact of surveillance enabled by media technologies on personal behavior and preferences. Through this comprehensive overview, the presentation aims to shed light on how media shapes collective consciousness and public opinion.
Have you ever wondered how search works while visiting an e-commerce site, internal website, or searching through other types of online resources? Look no further than this informative session on the ways that taxonomies help end-users navigate the internet! Hear from taxonomists and other information professionals who have first-hand experience creating and working with taxonomies that aid in navigation, search, and discovery across a range of disciplines.
Sharpen existing tools or get a new toolbox? Contemporary cluster initiatives...Orkestra
UIIN Conference, Madrid, 27-29 May 2024
James Wilson, Orkestra and Deusto Business School
Emily Wise, Lund University
Madeline Smith, The Glasgow School of Art
1. 1
Physics 11
Electric Fields
And Forces
Atomic Structure
Conductors / Insulators
Charging an Object
Induced Charge
Lightning
Electric Fields
Excess Charge on a Conductor
Electric Fields
Excess Charge on a Conductor
Atomic Structure
nucleus: consists of
protons (+ charge) and
neutrons (no charge)
surrounding the
nucleus are
electrons (- charge)
electric charge ⇒ that property to which
the attractive and repulsive behavior of
protons and electrons is attributed
⇒ We do not know what charge is, we only
know that there are two types of charge.
⇒ The two types of charge were called
positive (+) and negative (-) by Benjamin
Franklin in 1747.
Important Facts About Atoms
⇒ Every atom is composed of a positively charged
nucleus surrounded by negatively charged electrons.
⇒ The electrons, of all atoms are identical; they have
the same mass and the same charge (also true of protons
and neutrons)
⇒ Protons have the same charge as electron (but
opposite signs) but have about 1800 times more mass.
Neutrons have a little more mass than protons but they
have no charge.
⇒ Most atoms are neutral because they have the same
amount of protons as electrons.
2. 2
opposite charges attract
like charges repel
It is relatively easy to strip the outer
electrons from a heavy atom like that of
uranium but very difficult to remove inner
electrons. Why do you suppose this is so?
⇒ For the outer electrons, the attractive
force of the nucleus is largely canceled by
the repulsive force of the inner electrons.
The inner electrons fell the full force of
the nucleus, and a large force is required
to remove them.
Conductors
⇒ One or more of the outer electrons in a
conductor are free to wander within the metal.
ex: copper, aluminum, silver, gold
Insulators
⇒ Electrons are tightly bound to the atoms
in an insulator.
ex: plastic, rubber, wood, pure water
3. 3
Objects can gain or
lose electrons by
being rubbed
together.
Charging by Friction Example of charging by friction
⇒ electron are rubbed off of the man’s shoes
and onto the rug (charge is conserved)
Another example of charging by friction
⇒ electrons are rubbed off the man’s head
onto the balloon (charge is conserved)
Charging by contact
4. 4
Charging by induction
⇒ no contact was ever made with the charged
object
⇒ The balloon sticks to the wall because the positive
charges in the wall (which exert an attractive force)
are closer to the balloon the negative charges in the
wall (which exert a repulsive force). Closeness wins!
Induced charge
induced charge: positive and negative charges in
the molecules of an insulating material become
slightly separated
Since the negative charges are closer
to the (positively) charged comb than
the positive charges, the paper feels a
net attractive force (closeness wins).
5. 5
Why objects lose electric charge
⇒ water vapor and other molecules running
into a charged object can eventually remove all
excess charge from the object
Lightning
⇒ Charging by induction occurs during thunderstorms.
⇒ The negatively charged
bottom of clouds induce a
positive charge on the Earth’s
surface.
⇒ Lightning is the electrical
discharge between a cloud and
the ground or between
oppositely charged parts of
clouds.
Lightning (cloud to ground lightning)
⇒ Before lightning strikes, negatively charged stepped
leaders come down from the cloud and positively
charged upward streamers rush upwards from objects on
the ground.
6. 6
⇒ If the negatively charged stepped leader meets a
positively charged upward streamer, a path is formed
and electrons rush from the cloud to the ground. This is
a lightning strike!
Lightning (cloud to ground lightning) Lightning (cloud to ground)
⇒ In both of these picture, you can see a upward
streamer rushing up from the ground.
Lightning (cloud to cloud lightning)
⇒ Most lightning actually occurs between oppositely
charged parts of clouds.
Lightning (ground to cloud lightning)
⇒ Lightning can also strike from the ground up to a
cloud.
7. 7
Lightning (ball lightning)
⇒ There have also been reports of ball lightning, which
usually appears as a mysterious glowing sphere which
drifts horizontally through the air.
Electric Field
⇒ we use a small positive test charge to
determine the magnitude and direction of an
electric field
Electric Field
⇒ Electric fields are represented graphically by
using field lines.
Electric Field Lines
1) the closer the field lines, the stronger the field
2) field lines point away from a positive charge
and towards a negative charge
3) the # of electric field lines is proportional to
the magnitude of the charge
8. 8
Some Electric Fields
⇒ Excess charge placed on a conductor
will move to the surface of the conductor
because the electrons mutually repel each
other.
⇒ Excess charge will arrange itself on the
surface of the conductor such that the electric
field inside the conductor is zero.
⇒ It will only be evenly distributed if the
conductor is spherical.
⇒ The electric field just outside a conductor is
perpendicular to the surface of the conductor
(in an electrostatic situation).