Static electricity is an excess electric charge that builds up on the surface of an object. This charge remains until it can discharge to another object or the ground. It is created when two materials contact and separate, causing electrons to transfer between them. Examples include rubbing a balloon on hair and it sticking to a wall, or shuffling feet on carpet and touching a metal object. Dynamic electricity can be moved and measured using units like coulombs and volts. Ohm's law relates voltage, current, and resistance in a circuit. Conductor resistance depends on factors like length, cross-sectional area, and material. Kirchhoff's law states the total current entering a branching node equals the total current leaving.