A comparative analysis of biochemical and hematological parameters in diabeti...amsjournal
This study evaluated the biochemical and the hematological parameters in diabetic and non- diabetic patients. The measured biochemical parameters were fasting blood sugar, serum alanine aminotransferase (SGPT/ALT), total cholesterol, urea, creatinine and hematological parameters were hemoglobin, total white blood cell, neutrophil, lymphocyte,monocyte, eosinophil and ESR. There were 403 diabetic and 320 non-diabetic subjects included in this study and the study was carried out in BIRDEM (Bangladesh Institute of Research & Rehabilitation in Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders) General Hospital). It was observed that the mean values of SGPT/ALT (p<0.001),><0.001)><0.001)><0.001),><0.004),><0.001) of hematological parameters were significantly higher in diabetic patients than in the non-diabetic patients. In univariate analysis, all biochemical parameters and only four hematological parameters were found significantly associated with fasting blood sugar after adjusted with age and sex. The fasting blood sugar correlates highly with the other biochemical parameters but less or none with the hematological parameters. Our findings demonstrated that control of increased biochemical parameters and abnormal hematological levels in the early stage of diabetes mellitus may help the patients to raise quality of life.
Study of Ischemia Modified Albumin in Type 2 Diabetes as a Marker of Severityiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Rice bran is fabricated from the rice milling enterprise and contains about 10% of the entire weight of rough rice. It is especially composed of aleurone, pericarp, subaleurone layer, and germ. Rice bran is a fertile supply of nutrients, minerals, vital fatty acids, dietary fiber, and different sterols. The quantification of γ-oryzanol in rice bran can be conducted by many methods that require drawing out of rice bran oil (RBO) from the bran, accompanied by way of evaluation of the quantity of γ-oryzanol in the RBO with the aid of high-performance liquid chromatography. RBO is the oil drain out of the outer rigid surface of rice called chaff (rice husk). It is identified for its excessive smoke factor of 232°C (450°F) and soft taste, making it pleasant for excessive-temperature cooking strategies such as blend and deep frying. It is healthy for human expenditure, which is employed in the system of vegetable ghee. Wax was drawn out of RBO and palpanese extract, which is employed for carnauba wax in makeup, confectionery, shoe lotions, and sharpening compounds. It is accepted as a food preparation oil in numerous Asian countries, along with Bangladesh, Japan, India, and China. Regarding the importance of RBO, this overview intends to pay attention at the phytochemistry and therapeutic functions of RBO.
Albuminuria has been recognized as a marker for prognosis of renal and cardiovascular risk in diabetic patients. Role of microalbuminuria in cardiac disease and nephropathy has not been surveyed in Pakistani population and its foretelling importance in diabetic individuals is undetermined. In this study we examined the relation between microalbuminuria, HbA1c and serum albumin levels in association with diabetes in population of Pakistan based on equal number of male and female subjects with and without prevalent baseline diabetes. We found that increased levels of micro albuminuria are associated with cardiovascular disease, HbA1c with nephropathy and serum albumin with cardiovascular disease, nephropathy and hypertension in the diabetic patient.
Transplantation of Autologous Bone Marrow- Derived Stromal Cells in Type 2 Di...CrimsonpublishersITERM
Type 2 Diabetes is a debilitating metabolic disorder which is also the seventh leading cause of death worldwide. Current therapeutic regimes to date have failed to achieve significant long-term glycemic control even with intensive insulin therapy as revealed by deregulated Hb1Ac and C-peptides levels. In the current study, we have evaluated the effect of regenerative cellular therapy for functional recovery from Diabetic pathophysiology. 10 patients with a median age of 51 years were selected for the study and subjected to bone marrow isolation. These samples were processed under sterile conditions for the enrichment of mononuclear cells (BM MNCs) from bone marrow. After strict quality control and characterization of cells, 2 x 106 cells/kg of BM MNCs were infused back into the patient through the anterior pancreaticoduodenal artery. We performed an evaluation of clinical parameters like Body Mass Index, Fasting Plasma Glucose, Fasting Plasma Insulin, HbA1c and C-peptide levels, and followed up the patients for 12 months. Our study showed a reduction in insulin dependency by ≥ 50%.
THERAPEUTIC EFFECT OF SOYA BEAN CHUNKS SUPPLEMENTION DURING HEMODIALYSISNeeleshkumar Maurya
The present study was conducted during the year 2016-17 on 30 ckd-5 patients on hemodialysis admitted in various medical wards of the MLB, Medical College, Jhansi (U.P.) India. The primary data were obtained from all CKD patients 30 days intervals and three times first time proper medication with hemodialysis therapy and second time same condition patients with additional dietary counseling. The data was collected in all the patients, thorough anthropometric measurement, dietary history and blood are collected for analysis of Hb, serum albumin, blood urea, cholesterol and cretonne. The Proper dietary counseling along with high biological protein (20 gm) given during hemodialysis superior the nutritional value of undernourished chronic kidney disease patient. About proper diet counseling of the patients showed significant statistical positive (<0.005) response in a various nutritional factor like BMI, MUAC, Serum Albumin, hemoglobin, total calorie intake while the only medication and dialysis therapy showed an undergoing undernourished in their nutritional value. The patients undergoing hemodialysis often develop protein-energy malnutrition which is related to mortality and morbidity rate increases. Special nutritional care is required for the dialysis patient to improve the net protein anabolism. The nutritional value of soya bean chunks in patients on HD requirements more attention providing one-to-one nutrition psychotherapy could be improvements in the patients. Key words : Dialysis, malnutrition, soybean chunks, high biological protein.
Moringa is a plantfood of high nutritional value, ecologically and economically beneficial and readily available in the countries hardest hit by the food crisis. http://miracletrees.org/ http://moringatrees.org/
A comparative analysis of biochemical and hematological parameters in diabeti...amsjournal
This study evaluated the biochemical and the hematological parameters in diabetic and non- diabetic patients. The measured biochemical parameters were fasting blood sugar, serum alanine aminotransferase (SGPT/ALT), total cholesterol, urea, creatinine and hematological parameters were hemoglobin, total white blood cell, neutrophil, lymphocyte,monocyte, eosinophil and ESR. There were 403 diabetic and 320 non-diabetic subjects included in this study and the study was carried out in BIRDEM (Bangladesh Institute of Research & Rehabilitation in Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders) General Hospital). It was observed that the mean values of SGPT/ALT (p<0.001),><0.001)><0.001)><0.001),><0.004),><0.001) of hematological parameters were significantly higher in diabetic patients than in the non-diabetic patients. In univariate analysis, all biochemical parameters and only four hematological parameters were found significantly associated with fasting blood sugar after adjusted with age and sex. The fasting blood sugar correlates highly with the other biochemical parameters but less or none with the hematological parameters. Our findings demonstrated that control of increased biochemical parameters and abnormal hematological levels in the early stage of diabetes mellitus may help the patients to raise quality of life.
Study of Ischemia Modified Albumin in Type 2 Diabetes as a Marker of Severityiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Rice bran is fabricated from the rice milling enterprise and contains about 10% of the entire weight of rough rice. It is especially composed of aleurone, pericarp, subaleurone layer, and germ. Rice bran is a fertile supply of nutrients, minerals, vital fatty acids, dietary fiber, and different sterols. The quantification of γ-oryzanol in rice bran can be conducted by many methods that require drawing out of rice bran oil (RBO) from the bran, accompanied by way of evaluation of the quantity of γ-oryzanol in the RBO with the aid of high-performance liquid chromatography. RBO is the oil drain out of the outer rigid surface of rice called chaff (rice husk). It is identified for its excessive smoke factor of 232°C (450°F) and soft taste, making it pleasant for excessive-temperature cooking strategies such as blend and deep frying. It is healthy for human expenditure, which is employed in the system of vegetable ghee. Wax was drawn out of RBO and palpanese extract, which is employed for carnauba wax in makeup, confectionery, shoe lotions, and sharpening compounds. It is accepted as a food preparation oil in numerous Asian countries, along with Bangladesh, Japan, India, and China. Regarding the importance of RBO, this overview intends to pay attention at the phytochemistry and therapeutic functions of RBO.
Albuminuria has been recognized as a marker for prognosis of renal and cardiovascular risk in diabetic patients. Role of microalbuminuria in cardiac disease and nephropathy has not been surveyed in Pakistani population and its foretelling importance in diabetic individuals is undetermined. In this study we examined the relation between microalbuminuria, HbA1c and serum albumin levels in association with diabetes in population of Pakistan based on equal number of male and female subjects with and without prevalent baseline diabetes. We found that increased levels of micro albuminuria are associated with cardiovascular disease, HbA1c with nephropathy and serum albumin with cardiovascular disease, nephropathy and hypertension in the diabetic patient.
Transplantation of Autologous Bone Marrow- Derived Stromal Cells in Type 2 Di...CrimsonpublishersITERM
Type 2 Diabetes is a debilitating metabolic disorder which is also the seventh leading cause of death worldwide. Current therapeutic regimes to date have failed to achieve significant long-term glycemic control even with intensive insulin therapy as revealed by deregulated Hb1Ac and C-peptides levels. In the current study, we have evaluated the effect of regenerative cellular therapy for functional recovery from Diabetic pathophysiology. 10 patients with a median age of 51 years were selected for the study and subjected to bone marrow isolation. These samples were processed under sterile conditions for the enrichment of mononuclear cells (BM MNCs) from bone marrow. After strict quality control and characterization of cells, 2 x 106 cells/kg of BM MNCs were infused back into the patient through the anterior pancreaticoduodenal artery. We performed an evaluation of clinical parameters like Body Mass Index, Fasting Plasma Glucose, Fasting Plasma Insulin, HbA1c and C-peptide levels, and followed up the patients for 12 months. Our study showed a reduction in insulin dependency by ≥ 50%.
THERAPEUTIC EFFECT OF SOYA BEAN CHUNKS SUPPLEMENTION DURING HEMODIALYSISNeeleshkumar Maurya
The present study was conducted during the year 2016-17 on 30 ckd-5 patients on hemodialysis admitted in various medical wards of the MLB, Medical College, Jhansi (U.P.) India. The primary data were obtained from all CKD patients 30 days intervals and three times first time proper medication with hemodialysis therapy and second time same condition patients with additional dietary counseling. The data was collected in all the patients, thorough anthropometric measurement, dietary history and blood are collected for analysis of Hb, serum albumin, blood urea, cholesterol and cretonne. The Proper dietary counseling along with high biological protein (20 gm) given during hemodialysis superior the nutritional value of undernourished chronic kidney disease patient. About proper diet counseling of the patients showed significant statistical positive (<0.005) response in a various nutritional factor like BMI, MUAC, Serum Albumin, hemoglobin, total calorie intake while the only medication and dialysis therapy showed an undergoing undernourished in their nutritional value. The patients undergoing hemodialysis often develop protein-energy malnutrition which is related to mortality and morbidity rate increases. Special nutritional care is required for the dialysis patient to improve the net protein anabolism. The nutritional value of soya bean chunks in patients on HD requirements more attention providing one-to-one nutrition psychotherapy could be improvements in the patients. Key words : Dialysis, malnutrition, soybean chunks, high biological protein.
Moringa is a plantfood of high nutritional value, ecologically and economically beneficial and readily available in the countries hardest hit by the food crisis. http://miracletrees.org/ http://moringatrees.org/
Anaemia in Chronic Renal Failure Patients Undergoing Haemodialysis: A across ...Neeleshkumar Maurya
ABSTRACT Chronic renal failure disease is frequently associated with anaemia and the level of anaemia correlates with the stage of chronic kidney disease (CKD). A cross-sectional study was conducted in 44 chronic kidney disease patients in the department of medicine, M.L.B. Medical College, Jhansi during the period January to June, 2018. The study was evaluating the profile of anaemia and to find the association between the severity of anaemia and ckd-5 patients time period of taking on haemodialysis. Haemoglobin, blood urea, serum albumin, serum creatinine levels were examined using standard techniques. There was a significant difference in the haemoglobin of CKD patients taking 30 days regular interval 3 times values (P <0.05). All 44 patients (100%) were anaemic there was no significant correlation between the severity of anaemia and serum creatinine levels (P > 0.82) the most frequent anaemia in chronic kidney disease patients was a malnourished type of a moderate degree anaemic (7 10mg/dl). A significant correlation was not found between the severity of anomie and serum creatinine levels 30 day interval of CKD of patients on haemodialysis. Keywords: - haemodialysis, anomie, serum creatinine, haemoglobin, malnutrition.
A study on the pharmacological management of mineral bone disease in chronick...PARUL UNIVERSITY
In patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), along with progression of CKD,
abnormalities of mineral and bone metabolism develop, which result in altered serum levels of minerals
such as calcium and phosphorus, as well as abnormalities in parathyroid hormone (PTH) or vitamin D
metabolism. Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral Bone Disease (CKD-MBD) is a serious burden because of
increased cardiovascular mortality thus making therapeutic improvements essential in CKD-MBD. The
present study was aimed at evaluation of pharmacological management of CKD-MBD.
Methods:A retrospective study including 180 patients divided into two groups of 90 each (diabetes
mellitus and non-Diabetes) was performed in the Department of Nephrology, SVIMS, Tirupati. Patients
who were on follow up for at least 3 years (2015-2017) were considered, serum parameters were measured at every six months with a total of 6 visits. First visit was taken as baseline and sixth visit as
conclusion.
Results:The disease incidence of CKD-MBD is more common in male patients i.e. 67.8%. Serum calcium
levels were significantly increased and eGFR was significantly decreased in all patients with CKD at
conclusion compared to baseline.Further, Serum calcium levels were significantly increased at conclusion
in CKD patients without DM and eGFR was significantly decreased at conclusion compared to baseline
in CKD patients with DM. The proportion of untreated patients is high for all the drugs except vitamin D
analogues in both subgroups of CKD patients.
Conclusion:Pharmacological intervention in CKD patients helps in the effective management of mineral
bone disease by maintaining serum calcium, phosphate and calcium phosphorous product status.
Presented at Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center. Evidence-based research surrounding the potential association between vitamin D deficiency and risk for developing gestational diabetes among pregnant women and women of reproductive age.
The Effect on DNMT1 through Compounds for the Treatment of Cancer An In Silic...YogeshIJTSRD
Background Cancer is a disease that involves the abnormal gowth of the cell. After growing uncontrollably in continuation, it influences and grows in other parts of the body as well 1,2 . Benign types of Tumors doesn’t invade other body parts whereas Malignant Tumor support spreading and invading other parts of the body 3 . The main objective of this work is to use Molecular Docking method to develop a drug for the treatment of Cancer. Methods Docking was used to dock all the selected ligands with target protein i.e., DNMT1. The selected ligands were Thiophene, Sulfonamides, Chalcone, and Nitroimidazole. PyRx Software was used for the purpose of virtual screening to check various properties of these selected ligands like the Binding Affinity, RMSD Lower Bound , RMSD Upper Bound etc. PyRx and SwissADME both softwares were used for finding out the Drug Likeliness of every compound and to find out the best Compound to be docked with the target protein. Chalcone was found to be the best compound for Cancer treatment having least binding affinity.Results Molecular Docking of Chalcone with DNMT1 protein was performed with the help of AutoDock Vina Software. Output showed 9 positions of different binding affinities and RMSD values both Lower Bound and Upper Bound . Furthermore, the visualization of results was done with the help of PyMOL Software.Conclusion According to this study, Chalcone was the only compound from selected ligands that may be used to treat Cancer. Chalcone may act as a promising drug for cancer treatment in future perspectives. Mishka Tyagi | Noopur Khare | Abhimanyu Kumar Jha "The Effect on DNMT1 through Compounds for the Treatment of Cancer: An In-Silico Approach" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd43765.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/biotechnology-/43765/the-effect-on-dnmt1-through-compounds-for-the-treatment-of-cancer-an-insilico-approach/mishka-tyagi
The Ameliorative Potential of Dexmedetomidine and Benincasa Cerifera Extract ...Prof. Hesham N. Mustafa
Renal ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) represents the main reason for acute kidney injury (AKI). Dexmedetomidine (Dex) and Benincasa cerifera (BC) have wide benefits due to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. This study aims to illustrate the protective effects of BC and Dex on renal IRI in a diabetic model. Sixty adult male albino rats (Wistar strain), weighing 250–300 g, were included in the study. The rats were divided into four groups, as follows: sham group: (non-diabetic); diabetes mellitus (DM) + IRI group: streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats exposed to renal IRI on day 30 after diagnosis of diabetes; DM + IRI + BC group: STZ-induced diabetic rats treated with BC (500 mg/kg) for 30 days after diagnosis of diabetes, then exposed to renal IRI; and DM + IRI + Dex group: STZ-induced diabetic rats treated with Dex (100 µg/kg intraperitoneally) 5 min before induction of ischemia on day 30 after diagnosis of diabetes, then exposed to renal IRI. Biochemical parameters, histopathological examination, and immunohistochemical markers were evaluated. A significant improvement in the biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical parameters were observed in the DM + IRI + BC group, while the DM + IRI + Dex group showed improvements in renal IRI and dyslipidemia. The present study demonstrated that oxidative stress plays a chief role in renal IRI in the STZ-induced diabetic model. Treatment with BC achieved excellent ameliorative effects, while treatment with DEX improved renal IRI.
Keywords:
Diabetes; Dexmedetomidine; Ischemia/Reperfusion; Oxidative Stress
Diabetes mellitus is spreading around the world, penetrating populations not only in poor and developing countries, but also in developed ones. Propolis, a complex resinous material collected by honey bees from buds and exudates of certain plant sources, containing flavonoids pinocebrin, galangin, chrysin, and caffeic acid phenethyl ester.
The use of propolis as an alternative healing therapy for type-2 diabetes mellitus has been claimed to alleviate the disease. Previous studies state that propolis improves normal homeostasis by balancing the body’s condition through the enhancement of the immune system. The histological analysis of the liver shows that at a dose of 50–200 mg/kg BW propolis does not show a toxic effect so that the dose is categorized safe.
Therefore, the ethanolic soluble derivative of propolis (EEP) extract warrant further studies as an antidiabetic agent that is safe for humans.
Evaluation of Oxidative Stress and Stress Induced Serum Protein Changes in Ps...Premier Publishers
Psoriasis is a non-infectious, chronic inflammatory disease of the skin. This study aimed to explore the oxidative stress and stress induced protein changes in psoriasis and to analyse the possible interrelationship between these factors among psoriasis patients. This was a hospital-based case control study which included 50 cases of psoriasis and 50 healthy controls. Serum malondialdehyde was measured by thiobarbituric acid reactivity assay method. Protein carbonyl (PC) was measured by Levine’s method. Protein bound sialic acid (PBSA) was measured using modified Aminoff’s method using a spectrophotometer. Data analysis was done using SPSS software version 16.0. Our results showed significant elevation in the oxidant status (MDA, PC and PBSA) among the psoriasis cases compared to the controls. Multiple linear regression analysis showed a linear relationship between MDA, PBSA and duration of psoriasis. Our study provides evidence to increased ROS production, indicated by increased lipid peroxidation in serum and stress induced protein changes in psoriasis. The findings of our study also suggest that as the duration of psoriasis increases the level of oxidative stress also increases which is indicated by the increase in MDA and PBSA levels.
A mapping study on blood glucose recommender system for patients with gestati...journalBEEI
Blood glucose (BG) prediction system can help gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) patient to improve the BG control with managing their dietary intake based on healthy food. Many techniques have been developed to deal with blood glucose prediction, especially those for recommender system. In this study, we conduct a systematic mapping study to investigate recent research about BG prediction in recommender systems. This study describes an overview of research (2014-2018) about BG prediction techniques that has been used for BG recommender system. As results, 25 studies concerning BG prediction in recommender system were selected. We observed that although there is numerous studies published, only a few studies took serious discussion about techniques used to incorporate the BG algorithms. Our result highlighted that only one study discusses hybrid filtering technique in BG recommender system for GDM even though it has an ability to learn from experience and to improve prediction performance. We hope that this study will encourage researchers to consider not only machine learning and artificial intelligent techniques but also hybrid filtering technique for BG recommender system in the future research.
Microalbuminuria And Serum Creatinine Levels In Diabetic And Non Diabetic Gro...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Bioinformatic Analysis of Selected Natural Compounds for Antidiabetic Potentialijtsrd
Diabetes is a very serious, chronic, and complex metabolic disorder that is based on multiples aetiologies with both acute and chronic. There are two types of diabetes, one types 1 DM and the other is type two DM. Both T1DM and T2DM are the most serious type of chronic conditions that are typical cannot be cured. Insulin stimulates adipocytes, myocytes, and hepatocytes, which uptake glucose from the circulatory system. Antidiabetic drugs show useful effects through decreasing glucose absorption in the intestines increasing insulin levels in the body or increasing the bodys sensitivity or decreasing its resistance to insulin. Most of these plants contain bioactive compounds. Such compounds are alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, terpenoids, carotenoids, etc., which are frequently implicated as having an Antidiabetic effect. The different types of phytochemicals include flavonoids, saponins, phenolic acids, alkaloids, tannin, stillness, and polysaccharides. They have two types of drug design structure based drug desingand ligand based drug design. The protein is a structure based ligand, which is based on drug design for the role of significantly quantitative structure activity relationship QSAR and pharmacophore analysis. Ligand based pharmacophore model generation depends on the information regarding the known biological activity without any structural information depends on the macromolecular target. The ligand based VS is more expensive due to structure based methods. Based on the opposing chemical functionalities, and the geometric arrangement about each other, where the interactions are observed there is the pharmacophore features are placed on the ligand side. Niketa Singh | KM. Radha | Khushboo Rana | Fanish Kumar Pandey | Noopur Khare | Abhimanyu Kumar Jha "Bioinformatic Analysis of Selected Natural Compounds for Antidiabetic Potential" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42419.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.combiological-science/biotechnology/42419/bioinformatic-analysis-of-selected-natural-compounds-for-antidiabetic-potential/niketa-singh
Studies showed that RBO has important hypocholesterolemic effects. RBO
incorporates a healthy diet and fitness regimen to improve cardiac health
and other health conditions. It is important to remind everyone that RBO is
not a drug, even with minor changes in your lipid profile. This concept
could be beneficial. It is a convenient and cost-effective approach to a well-balanced life and better quality of life.
Serum Total Bilirubin levels in Diabetic Retinopathy - A case control studyiosrphr_editor
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
Anaemia in Chronic Renal Failure Patients Undergoing Haemodialysis: A across ...Neeleshkumar Maurya
ABSTRACT Chronic renal failure disease is frequently associated with anaemia and the level of anaemia correlates with the stage of chronic kidney disease (CKD). A cross-sectional study was conducted in 44 chronic kidney disease patients in the department of medicine, M.L.B. Medical College, Jhansi during the period January to June, 2018. The study was evaluating the profile of anaemia and to find the association between the severity of anaemia and ckd-5 patients time period of taking on haemodialysis. Haemoglobin, blood urea, serum albumin, serum creatinine levels were examined using standard techniques. There was a significant difference in the haemoglobin of CKD patients taking 30 days regular interval 3 times values (P <0.05). All 44 patients (100%) were anaemic there was no significant correlation between the severity of anaemia and serum creatinine levels (P > 0.82) the most frequent anaemia in chronic kidney disease patients was a malnourished type of a moderate degree anaemic (7 10mg/dl). A significant correlation was not found between the severity of anomie and serum creatinine levels 30 day interval of CKD of patients on haemodialysis. Keywords: - haemodialysis, anomie, serum creatinine, haemoglobin, malnutrition.
A study on the pharmacological management of mineral bone disease in chronick...PARUL UNIVERSITY
In patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), along with progression of CKD,
abnormalities of mineral and bone metabolism develop, which result in altered serum levels of minerals
such as calcium and phosphorus, as well as abnormalities in parathyroid hormone (PTH) or vitamin D
metabolism. Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral Bone Disease (CKD-MBD) is a serious burden because of
increased cardiovascular mortality thus making therapeutic improvements essential in CKD-MBD. The
present study was aimed at evaluation of pharmacological management of CKD-MBD.
Methods:A retrospective study including 180 patients divided into two groups of 90 each (diabetes
mellitus and non-Diabetes) was performed in the Department of Nephrology, SVIMS, Tirupati. Patients
who were on follow up for at least 3 years (2015-2017) were considered, serum parameters were measured at every six months with a total of 6 visits. First visit was taken as baseline and sixth visit as
conclusion.
Results:The disease incidence of CKD-MBD is more common in male patients i.e. 67.8%. Serum calcium
levels were significantly increased and eGFR was significantly decreased in all patients with CKD at
conclusion compared to baseline.Further, Serum calcium levels were significantly increased at conclusion
in CKD patients without DM and eGFR was significantly decreased at conclusion compared to baseline
in CKD patients with DM. The proportion of untreated patients is high for all the drugs except vitamin D
analogues in both subgroups of CKD patients.
Conclusion:Pharmacological intervention in CKD patients helps in the effective management of mineral
bone disease by maintaining serum calcium, phosphate and calcium phosphorous product status.
Presented at Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center. Evidence-based research surrounding the potential association between vitamin D deficiency and risk for developing gestational diabetes among pregnant women and women of reproductive age.
The Effect on DNMT1 through Compounds for the Treatment of Cancer An In Silic...YogeshIJTSRD
Background Cancer is a disease that involves the abnormal gowth of the cell. After growing uncontrollably in continuation, it influences and grows in other parts of the body as well 1,2 . Benign types of Tumors doesn’t invade other body parts whereas Malignant Tumor support spreading and invading other parts of the body 3 . The main objective of this work is to use Molecular Docking method to develop a drug for the treatment of Cancer. Methods Docking was used to dock all the selected ligands with target protein i.e., DNMT1. The selected ligands were Thiophene, Sulfonamides, Chalcone, and Nitroimidazole. PyRx Software was used for the purpose of virtual screening to check various properties of these selected ligands like the Binding Affinity, RMSD Lower Bound , RMSD Upper Bound etc. PyRx and SwissADME both softwares were used for finding out the Drug Likeliness of every compound and to find out the best Compound to be docked with the target protein. Chalcone was found to be the best compound for Cancer treatment having least binding affinity.Results Molecular Docking of Chalcone with DNMT1 protein was performed with the help of AutoDock Vina Software. Output showed 9 positions of different binding affinities and RMSD values both Lower Bound and Upper Bound . Furthermore, the visualization of results was done with the help of PyMOL Software.Conclusion According to this study, Chalcone was the only compound from selected ligands that may be used to treat Cancer. Chalcone may act as a promising drug for cancer treatment in future perspectives. Mishka Tyagi | Noopur Khare | Abhimanyu Kumar Jha "The Effect on DNMT1 through Compounds for the Treatment of Cancer: An In-Silico Approach" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd43765.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/biotechnology-/43765/the-effect-on-dnmt1-through-compounds-for-the-treatment-of-cancer-an-insilico-approach/mishka-tyagi
The Ameliorative Potential of Dexmedetomidine and Benincasa Cerifera Extract ...Prof. Hesham N. Mustafa
Renal ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) represents the main reason for acute kidney injury (AKI). Dexmedetomidine (Dex) and Benincasa cerifera (BC) have wide benefits due to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. This study aims to illustrate the protective effects of BC and Dex on renal IRI in a diabetic model. Sixty adult male albino rats (Wistar strain), weighing 250–300 g, were included in the study. The rats were divided into four groups, as follows: sham group: (non-diabetic); diabetes mellitus (DM) + IRI group: streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats exposed to renal IRI on day 30 after diagnosis of diabetes; DM + IRI + BC group: STZ-induced diabetic rats treated with BC (500 mg/kg) for 30 days after diagnosis of diabetes, then exposed to renal IRI; and DM + IRI + Dex group: STZ-induced diabetic rats treated with Dex (100 µg/kg intraperitoneally) 5 min before induction of ischemia on day 30 after diagnosis of diabetes, then exposed to renal IRI. Biochemical parameters, histopathological examination, and immunohistochemical markers were evaluated. A significant improvement in the biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical parameters were observed in the DM + IRI + BC group, while the DM + IRI + Dex group showed improvements in renal IRI and dyslipidemia. The present study demonstrated that oxidative stress plays a chief role in renal IRI in the STZ-induced diabetic model. Treatment with BC achieved excellent ameliorative effects, while treatment with DEX improved renal IRI.
Keywords:
Diabetes; Dexmedetomidine; Ischemia/Reperfusion; Oxidative Stress
Diabetes mellitus is spreading around the world, penetrating populations not only in poor and developing countries, but also in developed ones. Propolis, a complex resinous material collected by honey bees from buds and exudates of certain plant sources, containing flavonoids pinocebrin, galangin, chrysin, and caffeic acid phenethyl ester.
The use of propolis as an alternative healing therapy for type-2 diabetes mellitus has been claimed to alleviate the disease. Previous studies state that propolis improves normal homeostasis by balancing the body’s condition through the enhancement of the immune system. The histological analysis of the liver shows that at a dose of 50–200 mg/kg BW propolis does not show a toxic effect so that the dose is categorized safe.
Therefore, the ethanolic soluble derivative of propolis (EEP) extract warrant further studies as an antidiabetic agent that is safe for humans.
Evaluation of Oxidative Stress and Stress Induced Serum Protein Changes in Ps...Premier Publishers
Psoriasis is a non-infectious, chronic inflammatory disease of the skin. This study aimed to explore the oxidative stress and stress induced protein changes in psoriasis and to analyse the possible interrelationship between these factors among psoriasis patients. This was a hospital-based case control study which included 50 cases of psoriasis and 50 healthy controls. Serum malondialdehyde was measured by thiobarbituric acid reactivity assay method. Protein carbonyl (PC) was measured by Levine’s method. Protein bound sialic acid (PBSA) was measured using modified Aminoff’s method using a spectrophotometer. Data analysis was done using SPSS software version 16.0. Our results showed significant elevation in the oxidant status (MDA, PC and PBSA) among the psoriasis cases compared to the controls. Multiple linear regression analysis showed a linear relationship between MDA, PBSA and duration of psoriasis. Our study provides evidence to increased ROS production, indicated by increased lipid peroxidation in serum and stress induced protein changes in psoriasis. The findings of our study also suggest that as the duration of psoriasis increases the level of oxidative stress also increases which is indicated by the increase in MDA and PBSA levels.
A mapping study on blood glucose recommender system for patients with gestati...journalBEEI
Blood glucose (BG) prediction system can help gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) patient to improve the BG control with managing their dietary intake based on healthy food. Many techniques have been developed to deal with blood glucose prediction, especially those for recommender system. In this study, we conduct a systematic mapping study to investigate recent research about BG prediction in recommender systems. This study describes an overview of research (2014-2018) about BG prediction techniques that has been used for BG recommender system. As results, 25 studies concerning BG prediction in recommender system were selected. We observed that although there is numerous studies published, only a few studies took serious discussion about techniques used to incorporate the BG algorithms. Our result highlighted that only one study discusses hybrid filtering technique in BG recommender system for GDM even though it has an ability to learn from experience and to improve prediction performance. We hope that this study will encourage researchers to consider not only machine learning and artificial intelligent techniques but also hybrid filtering technique for BG recommender system in the future research.
Microalbuminuria And Serum Creatinine Levels In Diabetic And Non Diabetic Gro...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Bioinformatic Analysis of Selected Natural Compounds for Antidiabetic Potentialijtsrd
Diabetes is a very serious, chronic, and complex metabolic disorder that is based on multiples aetiologies with both acute and chronic. There are two types of diabetes, one types 1 DM and the other is type two DM. Both T1DM and T2DM are the most serious type of chronic conditions that are typical cannot be cured. Insulin stimulates adipocytes, myocytes, and hepatocytes, which uptake glucose from the circulatory system. Antidiabetic drugs show useful effects through decreasing glucose absorption in the intestines increasing insulin levels in the body or increasing the bodys sensitivity or decreasing its resistance to insulin. Most of these plants contain bioactive compounds. Such compounds are alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, terpenoids, carotenoids, etc., which are frequently implicated as having an Antidiabetic effect. The different types of phytochemicals include flavonoids, saponins, phenolic acids, alkaloids, tannin, stillness, and polysaccharides. They have two types of drug design structure based drug desingand ligand based drug design. The protein is a structure based ligand, which is based on drug design for the role of significantly quantitative structure activity relationship QSAR and pharmacophore analysis. Ligand based pharmacophore model generation depends on the information regarding the known biological activity without any structural information depends on the macromolecular target. The ligand based VS is more expensive due to structure based methods. Based on the opposing chemical functionalities, and the geometric arrangement about each other, where the interactions are observed there is the pharmacophore features are placed on the ligand side. Niketa Singh | KM. Radha | Khushboo Rana | Fanish Kumar Pandey | Noopur Khare | Abhimanyu Kumar Jha "Bioinformatic Analysis of Selected Natural Compounds for Antidiabetic Potential" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42419.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.combiological-science/biotechnology/42419/bioinformatic-analysis-of-selected-natural-compounds-for-antidiabetic-potential/niketa-singh
Studies showed that RBO has important hypocholesterolemic effects. RBO
incorporates a healthy diet and fitness regimen to improve cardiac health
and other health conditions. It is important to remind everyone that RBO is
not a drug, even with minor changes in your lipid profile. This concept
could be beneficial. It is a convenient and cost-effective approach to a well-balanced life and better quality of life.
Serum Total Bilirubin levels in Diabetic Retinopathy - A case control studyiosrphr_editor
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
Laporan akhir mata kuliah statistik buku panduan alat analisis statistikNaura Asma Sinaracute
Laporan Akhir Mata Kuliah ini dibuat dalam bentuk buku dengan judul Panduan Alat Analisis Statistik Untuk Melakukan Penelitian, dibuat untuk memenuhi Tugas Akhir Mata Kuliah Statistik I Semester II Universitas Muhammadiyah Buton
Contoh analisis uji beda nonparamaetrik wilcoxonEDI RIADI
Ranking bertanda Wilcoxon banyak digunakan untuk menguji perbedaan perlakuan yang diberikan kepada objek penelitian dengan mempertimbangkan arah dan magnitude relatif perbedaan dari dua sampel berpsangan.
Diabetes is a rapidly and serious health problem in Pakistan. This chronic condition is associated with serious long-term complications, including higher risk of heart disease and stroke. Aggressive treatment of hypertension and hyperlipideamia can result in a substantial reduction in cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes 1. Consequently pharmacist-led diabetes cardiovascular risk (DCVR) clinics have been established in both primary and secondary care sites in NHS Lothian during the past five years. An audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery at the clinics was conducted in order to evaluate practice and to standardize the pharmacists’ documentation of outcomes. Pharmaceutical care issues (PCI) and patient details were collected both prospectively and retrospectively from three DCVR clinics. The PCI`s were categorized according to a triangularised system consisting of multiple categories. These were ‘checks’, ‘changes’ (‘change in drug therapy process’ and ‘change in drug therapy’), ‘drug therapy problems’ and ‘quality assurance descriptors’ (‘timer perspective’ and ‘degree of change’). A verified medication assessment tool (MAT) for patients with chronic cardiovascular disease was applied to the patients from one of the clinics. The tool was used to quantify PCI`s and pharmacist actions that were centered on implementing or enforcing clinical guideline standards. A database was developed to be used as an assessment tool and to standardize the documentation of achievement of outcomes. Feedback on the audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery and the database was received from the DCVR clinic pharmacist at a focus group meeting.
Association between polymorphisms of the DNA repair gene (OGG1) in Iraqi pati...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences(IOSR-JPBS) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of Pharmacy and Biological Science. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in Pharmacy and Biological Science. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Alterations of Mitochondrial Functions and DNA in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy of ...CrimsonPublishersIOD
Alterations of Mitochondrial Functions and DNA in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy of CCK1 Receptors-Deficient Rats by Abdelbary Prince, Magdy A Ghoneim, Abdallah M El-Ebidi, Hala A Mousa and Jin Han in Interventions in Obesity & Diabetes
Background: Diabetic Maculopathy (DME) does not compulsorily fi t the usual course of diabetic retinopathy advancement. This
work aimed to study the variables associated with DME in a cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus from Basrah (Southern Iraq).
Patients and Methods: This was a cross sectional study from Faiha Specialized Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolism Center)
(FDEMC) done over the period of January - April 2014. The study enrolled 197 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with at least 10 years duration and aged >30 years.
Role of the Biochemistry Labs in Promoting the Health Care Services for the I...IJERA Editor
The health care in the State of Kuwait depends to a greater extent on the biochemical and clinical labs attached
at each hospital. The data obtained from these laboratories will facilitate the process of diagnosing the disease
accurately. This will have a positive impact on the selection of appropriate treatment for the patients in general
and for diabetics specifically.
The main objective of this research was to build a profile for lab analysis and a database for building a
comprehensive system of integrated activities to raise health care for diabetic patients in Kuwait. The study
revealed the burden of admitted diabetic cases on the blood chemistry laboratory in Sabah Hospital (in relation
to length of stay and total numbers of lab requests). The aim was fulfilled by designing a model of the
biochemical tests for diabetics; filling in forms from the reality of patient data, completing and analyzing the
results electronically.
The study showed the importance of biochemical and clinical labs since they act as the link of patient's
information at the secondary health care level.
PREDICT Study ASN Presentation June 2020Sara Gordon
Sarah Berry, Nicola Segata, Jose Ordovas and Tim Spector reveal novel findings from the world's largest ongoing nutrition study, PREDICT. The presentation shares learnings on how we metabolize food, the importance of food sequencing and combining, the gut microbiome and inflammation. These findings are some of the most cutting edge in the field of nutrition science, highlighting the need for precision nutrition. Learn more at www.joinzoe.com/science
Do fructose-containing sugars lead to adverse health consequences? Results of...Corn Refiners Association
At Experimental Biology 2014, the Sponsored Satellite Program “Sugars and Health Controversies: What Does the Science Say?” held in conjunction with the American Society for Nutrition’s Scientific Sessions took place on Saturday, April 26, 2014.
Panelist John L Sievenpiper, MD, PhD, presented science about sugars and their associated health outcomes.
ABSTRACT- Background: Esophageal and Lung carcinoma are the leading cause of years of life lost because of cancer and is associated with the highest economic burden relative to other tumor types. Epidemiological studies identify magnesium deficiency as a risk factor for these types of human cancers. The present studies were performed to concerning the contribution of magnesium to tumorigenesis and investigate the concentration of magnesium in esophageal and lung carcinoma.
Aims and Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the serum magnesium levels of patients with carcinoma of lung and esophagus patients and apparently healthy people.
Material and methods: Study group consisted of 50 clinically diagnosed subjects (Biopsy confirmed 25 cases with Esophageal carcinoma and 25 cases with Lung carcinoma). The control group consisted of 50 healthy subjects were included in the study. Venous blood samples of each lung and esophagus cancer were obtained and serum magnesium level was measured by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer measurements.
Results: In the study group, we were found mean concentration of serum magnesium was decreased in esophageal (1.40±0.13 mg %) and lung carcinoma (1.23±0.12 mg %) in comparison to controls (2.08 ± 0.45 mg %).
Conclusions: Serum magnesium was found statistically significantly lower in study group when compared with control (P<0.0001).
Key-words- Lung and Esophagus Carcinoma, Magnesium, Atomic absorption spectrophotometer
Study of Serum Omentin-1 in Relation to Insulin Resistance in Type II Diabete...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
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Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
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Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Effect of zinc supplementation on glycemic control, lipid
1. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224-3208 (Paper) ISSN 2225-093X (Online)
Vol 2, No.6, 2012
Effect of Zinc Supplementation on Glycemic Control, Lipid
Profile, and Renal Functions in Patients with Type II Diabetes: A
Single Blinded, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Trial
Sahar Mohy Ahmed El-Ashmony (Corresponding author)
Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Pharmacology Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt, Faculty of Pharmacy,
Clinical Pharmacy Department, Umm Al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia
PO box 715 , Makkah , Saudi Arabia
Tel: +96625270000 (4281)
Email: saharelashmoony@yahoo.com
Heba Kamal Morsi
Faculty of Medicine, Medical Biochemistry Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt, Faculty of Applied
Medical Sciences, Medical Biochemistry Department, Umm Al-Qura University ,Saudi Arabia.
PO box 715 , Makkah , Saudi Arabia
Tel: +96625270000 (4292)
Email: kamalheba@hotmail.com
Amany Mokhtar Abdelhafez
Faculty of Medicine , Public Health Department , ,Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt, Faculty of Applied Medical
Sciences, Clinical Nutrition Department, Umm Al-Qura University ,Saudi Arabia.
PO box 715 , Makkah , Saudi Arabia
Tel: +96625270000 (4270)
Email: amany_mokhtar@yahoo.com
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of zinc supplementation on glycemic control, lipid profile, and
kidney functions in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus attending the diabetic centre of Alnoor, Specialized
Hospital, in Makkah, Saudi Arabia .A single blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled, trial was conducted. Patients
(n=60) were randomly allocated into two groups: zinc group, and placebo group, treatment was given for 8 weeks.
Fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c%), kidney functions and lipid profile were assessed at
baseline and after 8 weeks. Results showed that FBG, HbA1c%, lipid profile, and kidney functions were
significantly reduced in zinc group after 8 weeks compared to their levels before supplementation. Moreover, FBG,
cholesterol, LDL, and LDL/ HDL ratio were significantly decreased, while HDL was significantly increased in zinc
group compared to those in placebo group. Zinc may have supplementary benefits in the routine management of
adult DM.
Keywords: type 2 diabetes, zinc, placebo, HbA1c%, lipids, kidney functions
1. Introduction
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major public health problem worldwide associated with great deal of morbidity and
economic cost. It is expected that DM will affect 300 million worldwide persons by the year 2030 (Wahabi et al.,
2010). The overall prevalence of diabetes in Saudi Arabia, 2009, is about 30% (Alqurashi et al., 2011).
Chronic hyperglycemia is believed to play a pivotal role in the development of diabetic complications. It was
found that hyperglycemia triggered a number of mechanisms that evoke overproduction of reactive oxygen species
(ROS). DM is associated with an increased level of free radicals, disturbances of the enzymatic antioxidant defense
system. Consequently, these abnormalities lead to a redox imbalance called oxidative stress (Mrowicka et al., 2011).
Zinc is an essential trace element with a multitude of roles in human nutrition. Zinc’s role as an important
component of the body’s antioxidant system in retarding the oxidative process is particularly related to diabetes.
Specifically, zinc is required for the adequate formation and function of the antioxidant enzyme copper-zinc
superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) and various metallothioneins. Chronic zinc deprivation generally results in an
increased sensitivity to the effects of oxidative stress due to inadequate activity of these enzymes. In addition to its
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antioxidant enzyme role, zinc is also believed to participate in cell membrane stabilization, protection against vitamin
E depletion and restriction of endogenous free radical production (Andrews, 2005).
Since numerous studies demonstrated that oxidative stress, mediated mainly by hyperglycemia-induced
generation of free radicals, contributes to the development and progression of diabetes and related contributions, it
became clear that ameliorating oxidative stress through treatment with antioxidants might be an effective strategy for
reducing diabetic complications (Johansen et al., 2005).
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of zinc as an antioxidant on glycemic control, lipid profile, and
kidney functions in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Subjects
A single blinded randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial was performed on patients with adult-onset type 2
DM attending the diabetic centre of Alnoor, Specialized Hospital, in Makkah Governorate, Saudi Arabia between
January and May, 2012. Permissions for the study were obtained from the authorities concerned, and patients were
informed about the purpose of the study, and signed an informed consent before the beginning of this study.
2.1.1 Inclusion Criteria
Patients with type 2 DM,aged from 30 to 70 years , attending the clinic for a routine follow-up visit, on regular use
of oral antidiabetic drugs (no insulin) , with HbAlc concentrations of 8% or greater, not currently enrolled in a
diabetes support or education program or participated in similar program in the last 6 months, and without taking
vitamins or mineral supplements in the previous 2 months.
2.1.2 Exclusion Criteria
Severe or uncontrolled cardiovascular disease (defined as a cardiovascular event within the last year), under
hypolipidemic therapy, with proliferative retinopathy (defined as growth of new blood vessels on the retina and
posterior surface of the vitreous), chronic foot ulcers or wounds , psychiatric disease or cognitive impairment
interfering with treatment compliance, and Pregnant or lactating women. Sample size was calculated with power as
80% and level of significance at 0.05 based on a previously published study (Farvid et al., 2005). Patients (n : 60)
were randomly allocated into two groups:
1. The intervention group: (zinc group)
The patients in this group (n: 30) were supplemented with oral zinc sulfate in addition to the oral anti diabetic drugs.
2. The control group: (placebo group)
The patients in this group (n: 30) were supplemented with oral placebo in addition to the oral anti diabetic drugs.
2.2 Methods
2.2.1 Interview Questionnaire
Information on age, sex, diabetic duration, drug usage, diabetic complications was obtained by an interview
questionnaire.
2.2.2 Treatment scheme
Selection of chemical form, dose level, and duration of zinc supplementation in this study were based on the
reports of other investigators ( Roussel et al., 2003; Partida-Hemandez et al., 2006, and Oh and Yoon, 2008). Patients
of both groups were instructed to take either 40 mg of zinc sulfate or cornstarch placebo once daily for a period of 8
weeks, both drugs were identical in formulation, shape, size, weight, texture, and packing. Subjects were also
allowed to ask questions regarding any possible side effects and the degree of compliance was followed through a
weekly telephone conversation.
2.2.3 Biochemical Assesment
Blood samples were collected from all patients (in both zinc and placebo groups) before starting treatment (zero time
sample) and then after 8 weeks of treatment to monitor the changes in the studied parameters. A sample of 5 mL
venous blood was drawn via venous puncture after an overnight fasting (10-14hours) between 8 and 10 a.m. before
taking medications. The following biochemical markers were assessed:
• Indicators of glycemic control: fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c)
• Lipid profile panel: triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density
lipoprotein (HDL), and the atherogenic index LDL/HDL ratio.
• Kidney function tests: blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine.
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The blood samples were collected from each patient into two tubes: an Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)
tube and plain tube (without anticoagulant). Anticoagulated whole blood from EDTA tube was used for HbA1c
analysis where, total haemoglobin was measured colourimetrically (Zander et al., 1984) while HbA1c was
determined immunoturbidimetrically (Little et al., 1992). Using the values obtained for each of these two analytes,
the percentage of total hemoglobin that is glycated is calculated and reported as % HbA1c. The ratio of both
concentrations yields the final percent of HbA1c result (HbA1c %).
Serum was separated from the plain tube by centrifugation at 5000 rpm for 10 minutes and used for analysis of:
FBG based on enzymatic hexokinase (Neely, 1972), total cholesterol based on enzymatic colorimetric method with
cholesterol esterase, cholesterol oxidase, and 4-aminoantipyrine (Allain et al., 1974), HDL based on direct
homogeneous enzymatic colorimetric assay (Sugiuchi et al., 1995), TG based on enzymatic colorimetric method with
glycerol phosphate oxidase and 4-aminophenazone (Fossati and Prencipi, 1982; McGowan et al., 1983),and LDL
based on Homogeneous enzymatic colorimetric assay (Sugiuchi et al., 1998), then the (LDL/HDL) ratio was
calculated. Serum creatinine was determined based on buffered kinetic Jaffé reaction without deproteinization (Jaffé,
1886), and BUN was analysed by Kinetic test with urease and glutamate dehydrogenase (Sampson et al., 1980).
All biochemical tests were performed using an auto-analyzer (COBAS INTEGRA® 400 Roche Diagnostics,
GmbH, Mannheim, Germany).
2.3 Statistical analysis
Statistical analysis was performed using The Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 16 (SPSS
Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). For the quantitative variables, compliance with the normal distribution was assessed using
the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Data were presented as mean ± SD .Zinc or placebo effects for variables in the same
individuals were analyzed by paired t test if the distribution was normal and Wilcoxon signed-rank test in case of
non- parametric distribution. Data between the two groups were compared using student’s t test if the distribution
was normal, otherwise a non-parametric test was used (Mann- Whitney test). Pearsonۥs Chi square (x2) test was used
to compare qualitative variables between the two groups. P value of less than (0.05) was considered to indicate
statistical significance.
3. Results
Out of 60 patients selected at the beginning of the study, 56 patients completed this research. Four patients in
zinc group had withdrawn. The strategy of maintaining oral hypoglycemic therapy, along with taking either zinc or
placebo once daily, depending on the case, prior to breakfast per day during 8 weeks was accepted in 100% of cases.
Both groups were comparable regarding the base line characteristics and biochemical parameters as shown in Table
1 (p > 0.05).
3.1 Effect of zinc and placebo on FBG and HbA1C
After 8 weeks of zinc or placebo supplementation, FBG and HbA1c% were reduced significantly in zinc group
(p< 0.001) while remained unaltered in placebo group (p > 0.05), when compared with those before treatment ,Table
(2,3).Moreover, after treatment, FBG was significantly lowered in zinc group compared to that in placebo group (p<
0.001) On the contrary, the reduction in the level of HbA1c in zinc group compared to that in placebo group was not
significant (p > 0.05) (Table 4)
3.2 Effect of zinc and placebo on lipid profile
Zinc supplementation for 8 weeks had significant effects on all lipid parameters. Table (2) showed that total
cholesterol, TG as well as LDL levels were significantly decreased, while HDL level was significantly increased
after zinc therapy (p< 0.001). Furthermore, LDL / HDL ratio was significantly lowered in zinc treated group (p<
0.001). In patient treated with placebo, total cholesterol, TG, and LDL levels were increased with elevation in LDL /
HDL ratio (p< 0.001) (Table 3) .Total cholesterol, TG, HDL, LDL , and LDL / HDL ratio were significantly
improved in cases treated with zinc compared to those treated with placebo (p < 0.05) (Table 4)
3.3 Effects of zinc and placebo on BUN and serum creatinine
In this study, zinc caused significant reduction in BUN and serum creatinine (p< 0.001) (table 2).Meanwhile, no
significant changes occurred in both parameters in placebo group after treatment compared to those before treatment
(p > 0.05) (Table 3).
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4. Discussion
In the last two decades there has been an increase in diabetes occurrence attended with widespread associated
metabolic disorders, for example, high blood pressure, atherogenic lipid profile or metabolic syndrome are found.
These alterations lead patients to a highly elevated cardiovascular morbidity and mortality (Dakhale et al., 2011).
Development of diabetic complications has been hypothesized to be accelerated by generation of free radicals in
cells and tissues. In diabetes, oxidative stress is in part due to an increased production of plasma free radical
concentrations and a sharp reduction in antioxidant defenses. It may be postulated that oxidative stress represents the
common pathway through which hyperglycemia and insulin resistance induce depressed insulin action (Gupta and
Chari, 2006).
DM, insulin and zinc share complex relationship with both type 1 and type 2 DM patients often exhibiting
lowered zinc status. The primary mechanism behind this typical reduced zinc status is increased urinary zinc losses
as a consequence of hyperglycemia. Zinc is suspected as having a significant role in normal insulin metabolism. This
includes the ability to regulate insulin receptor intracellular events and the ability to support normal pancreatic
reaction to a glucose load (Andrews, 2005).
The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of zinc as an antioxidant on glycemic control, lipid
profile, and kidney functions in type 2 DM patients.
The results of the current study showed that zinc supplementation in a dose of 40 mg/day orally for 8 weeks
significantly decreases FBG and HbA1c in type 2 DM patients. These results are in agreement with previously
published data that showed improvement in glycemic control with zinc supplementation (Hussain et., al 2006;
Gunasekara et., al 2011). Meanwhile, , Oh and Yoon, 2008 analyzed the effect of zinc supplementation on glycemic
control by the baseline HbA1c level of diabetes subjects (HbA1c <7.5% vs HbA1c ≥7.5%),and they found
significant decrease of FPG and HbA1c in the higher HbA1c group (HbA1c ≥7.5%) after 4 weeks of
supplementation.
On the other hand, Anderson et al., 2001, proved the potential beneficial antioxidant effects of zinc in people
with type 2 DM. However, zinc supplementation in their study did not modify significantly HbA1c nor glucose
homeostasis. The discrepancy of their results and the current may be explained on the basis that they used smaller
dose (30 mg) and different preparation of zinc (zinc gluconate).
Some investigators have speculated that zinc supplementation could improve glucose tolerance as well as insulin
sensitivity in type 2 DM through its antioxidant effects (Roussel et. al 2003). The potential antioxidant effects of
zinc in diabetes could be related to several mechanisms. Zinc plays a structural role in the maintenance of CuZnSOD
structural integrity. Zinc metallothionein complexes in the islet cells provide protection against immune-mediated
free-radical attack, and zinc could act also in protecting sulfhydryl groups against oxidation and participate in the
inhibition of the free radical production. Hence, zinc could reduce glucose toxicity and contributed in part to the
prevention of a decrease of β cell mass and insulin content (Ohly et., al 2000).
The improvement of glycemic control was mainly initiated by a beneficial effect of antioxidant on β cells.
However, we cannot totally deny the possibility that the antioxidant treatment could have exerted an influence on
target tissues other than the β cells such as muscle and fat (Gunasekara et., al 2011).
Dyslipidemia is recognized to be one of the most important modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease in
patients with diabetes even more than HbA1c, systolic blood pressure, and smoking (Shepherd, 2007). The
dyslipidemia commonly observed in patients with diabetes is characterized by low plasma levels of HDL, increased
levels of serum TG and elevated plasma levels of LDL (Tan, et al., 2002).
The present study indicated that zinc supplementation was effective in improvement of lipid profile in patient
with type 2 DM. It caused significant decrease in total cholesterol, TG , and LDL with significant increase in HDL in
zinc treated group compared to those in placebo treated group. These results are consistent with previous studies that
examined the effect of zinc supplementation on lipid profile (Kadhim et al, 2006; Gunasekara et al, 2011). On the
contrary, zinc in the study of Partida-Hernandez et al., 2006, showed no effect on LDL level.
Zinc can be involved in the modulation of plasma HDL as postulated by Lodovici et al, 2009, who found
positive correlations between malondialdehyde, HDL, and antioxidants in diabetes patients. These correlations
indicate that in the compensatory response to hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress, HDL and antioxidants are
involved. Additionally hyperglycemia increases glycation of lipoprotein, including LDL and HDL, associated with
the elevation of TG levels in the blood through increased synthesis from glucose and impaired lipid metabolism
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(Laakso and Letho, 1998). Moreover, glucose oxidizes itself and produces H2O2, ketoaldehydes and free radicals.
These reactive substances subsequently react with proteins and produces LDL peroxidation which is inhibited by
zinc (Roussel et al, 2003). Thus zinc supplementation could improves the lipid profile, either through the
improvement of glycemic control or by decreasing the susceptibility of lipoproteins and other functionally essential
proteins to oxidation by the elevated levels of damaging free radicals (Kadhim et. al, 2006).
Additionally, zinc in the present study caused significant reduction in LDL / HDL ratio (3.31±0.46 before
treatment versus 1.98±0.36 after treatment). Packard et al., 2005, and Indumati et al., 2011, have found the LDL
/HDL ratio to be an excellent marker of diabetic dyslipedemia and coronary heart disease risk than the individual
levels of LDL or HDL, they suggested that antihyperlipidemic therapy could be targeted to those with an LDL/HDL
ratio of 3.3 and coronary deaths spiked when the LDL /HDL ratio reached between 3.7 and 4.3. Therefore zinc
supplementation in diabetes can act as protective factor against atherosclerosis by lowering LDL /HDL ratio through
inhibiting the oxidation of LDL by ROS (Hennig et al., 2001).
The present trial showed significant improvement in renal functions as measured by serum creatinine and BUN.
Similar results were observed by Garg and Bakris, 2002,while, Khadim et al., 2006, found no significant effect of
zinc on renal functions as measured by serum as well as urine creatinine. Since hyperlipidemia is a risk factor for the
progression of nephropathy in patients with type 2 DM therefore, the beneficial renal effects of zinc found in the
current trial may be through the reduction of hyperlipidemia . Moreover, zinc may have renoprotective effect via its
antioxidant property (Parham et al, 2008).
5. Conclusion
Supplementation of zinc to type II DM patients demonstrated better glycemic control and desirable changes in lipid
profile as well as improvement in kidney functions. , so Zinc may have supplementary benefits in the routine
management of adult DM., and could be a feasible strategy favoring the life quality of those who have risk factors
for other diseases in addition to diabetes.
6. Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank Hana AL – Thobiti, Reema Munshi, Samah Basudan, Khoulud Qadhi, Afaa
Majeed, Alaa Makkawi for their participation in collection of data.
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Table 1. Baseline Characteristics and Biochemical Parameters of Patients in Placebo and Zinc Groups
Zinc group Placebo group
Variables P value 95% CI
(n = 26) (n = 30)
Age (years) 48.46 ± 4.61 48.20 ± 4.09 0.823 -2.07: 2.59
Male (%) 12 (46.2) 16 (53.3) 0.592
Female (%) 14 (53.8) 14 (46.7)
Duration of diabetes (years) 5.92 ± 1.35 5.93 ± 1.60 0.980 -0.81: 0.79
FBG (mg/dl) 172.23 ± 23.83 181.73 ± 29.22 0.192 -23.93: 4.93
HbA1c (%) 9.56 ± 0.71 9.36 ± 1.13 0.422 -0.30: 0.70
Cholesterol (mg/dl) 203.00 ± 16.36 193.80 ± 36.32 0.219 -5.67: 24.07
TG (mg/dl) 166.08 ± 31.93 154.03 ± 30.64 0.156 -4.74: 28.83
HDL (mg/dl) 40.62 ± 4.79 42.07 ± 4.20 0.232 -3.86: 0.96
LDL (mg/dl) 132.85 ± 14.11 133.33 ± 13.53 0.896 -7.90: 6.93
LDL/ HDL ratio 3.31 ± 0.46 3.01 ± 0.77 0.082 -0.04: 0.63
BUN (mg/dl) 24.15 ± 6.28 24.33 ± 6.14 0.914 -3.52: 3.16
Serum creatinine (mg/dl) 0.90 ± 0.42 0.79 ± 0.28 0.239 -0.08: 0.31
Values are mean ± SD, FBG: fasting blood glucose, HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin, HDL: high-density
lipoprotein, LDL: low-density lipoprotein, TG: triglyceride, BUN: blood urea nitrogen.
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Table 2. Comparison of Biochemical Parameters in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Before and After Treatment with
Zinc.
Zinc (n = 26)
Parameters Before treatment After treatment P value 95% CI
FBG (mg/dl) 172.23 ± 23.83 117.62 ± 17.34 ˂0.001 41.25: 67.98
HbA1c (%) 9.56 ± 0.71 8.85 ± 0.69 ˂0.001 0.62: 0.81
Cholesterol (mg/dl) 203.00 ±16.36 167.31 ± 14.41 ˂0.001 29.82: 41.57
TG (mg/dl) 166.08 ± 31.93 144.23 ± 32.16 ˂0.001 16.34: 27.35
HDL (mg/dl) 40.62 ± 4.79 51.15 ± 6.76 ˂0.001 -12.51: -8.57
LDL (mg/dl) 132.85 ± 14.11 99.08 ± 10.18 ˂0.001 30.31: 37.23
LDL/ HDL ratio 3.31 ± 0.46 1.98 ± 0.36 ˂0.001 1.21: 1.46
BUN (mg/dl) 24.15 ± 6.28 21.15 ± 6.04 ˂0.001 2.54: 3.46
Serum creatinine (mg/dl) 0.90 ± 0.42 0.82 ± 0.42 ˂0.001 0.06: 0.10
Values are mean ± SD, FBG: fasting blood glucose, HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin, HDL: high-density
lipoprotein, LDL: low-density lipoprotein, TG: triglyceride, BUN: blood urea nitrogen.
Table 3.Comparison of Biochemical Parameters in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Before and After Treatment with
Placebo.
Placebo (n = 30)
Parameters Before treatment After treatment P value 95% CI
FBG (mg/dl) 181.73 ± 29.22 185.07 ± 30.09 0.078 -7.07: 0.40
HbA1c (%) 9.36 ± 1.13 9.26 ± 0.99 0.203 -0.06: 0.27
Cholesterol (mg/dl) 193.80 ± 36.32 210.53 ± 34.59 ˂0.001 -21.22: -12.25
TG (mg/dl) 154.03 ± 30.64 168.53 ± 45.78 0.019 -26.42: -2.58
HDL (mg/dl) 42.07 ± 4.20 39.80 ± 9.90 0.137 -0.76: 5.30
LDL (mg/dl) 133.33 ± 13.53 138.68 ± 15.30 ˂0.001 -7.64: -3.05
LDL/ HDL ratio 3.01 ± 0.77 3.68 ± 0.94 ˂0.001 -0.78: -0.56
BUN (mg/dl) 24.33 ± 6.14 23.97 ± 5.22 0.458 -0.63: 1.36
Serum creatinine (mg/dl) 0.79 ± 0.28 0.80 ± 0.18 0.814 -0.08: 0.07
Values are mean ± SD, FBG: fasting blood glucose, HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin, TG: triglyceride, HDL: high-
density lipoprotein, LDL: low-density lipoprotein, BUN: blood urea nitrogen.
40
9. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224-3208 (Paper) ISSN 2225-093X (Online)
Vol 2, No.6, 2012
Table 4. Comparison of Biochemical Parameters after Treatment with Zinc or Placebo in Patients with Type
II DM.
Zinc group Placebo group
Parameters P value 95% CI
(n = 26) (n = 30)
FBG (mg/dL) 117.62 ± 17.34 185.07 ± 30.09 ˂0.001 -80.45 : -54.46
HbA1c (%) 8.85 ± 0.69 9.26 ± 0.99 0.078 -0.87 : 0.05
Cholesterol (mg/dL) 167.31 ± 14.41 210.53 ± 34.59 ˂0.001 -57.21 : -29.24
TG (mg/dL) 144.23 ± 32.16 168.53 ± 45.78 0.024 -45.32 : -3.29
HDL (mg/dL) 51.15 ± 6.76 39.80 ± 9.90 ˂0.001 6.74 : 15.97
LDL (mg/dL) 99.08 ± 10.18 138.68 ± 15.30 ˂0.001 -46.68 : -32.52
LDL/ HDL ratio 1.98 ± 0.36 3.68 ± 0.94 ˂0.001 -2.08 : -1.33
BUN (mg/dL) 21.15 ± 6.04 23.97 ± 5.22 0.067 -5.83 : 0.20
Serum creatinine (mg/dL) 0.82 ± 0.42 0.80 ± 0.18 0.781 -0.15 : 0.20
Values are mean ± SD, FBG: fasting blood glucose, HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin, TG: triglyceride, HDL: high-
density lipoprotein, LDL: low-density lipoprotein, BUN: blood urea nitrogen
41
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