Diabetes is a very serious, chronic, and complex metabolic disorder that is based on multiples aetiologies with both acute and chronic. There are two types of diabetes, one types 1 DM and the other is type two DM. Both T1DM and T2DM are the most serious type of chronic conditions that are typical cannot be cured. Insulin stimulates adipocytes, myocytes, and hepatocytes, which uptake glucose from the circulatory system. Antidiabetic drugs show useful effects through decreasing glucose absorption in the intestines increasing insulin levels in the body or increasing the bodys sensitivity or decreasing its resistance to insulin. Most of these plants contain bioactive compounds. Such compounds are alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, terpenoids, carotenoids, etc., which are frequently implicated as having an Antidiabetic effect. The different types of phytochemicals include flavonoids, saponins, phenolic acids, alkaloids, tannin, stillness, and polysaccharides. They have two types of drug design structure based drug desingand ligand based drug design. The protein is a structure based ligand, which is based on drug design for the role of significantly quantitative structure activity relationship QSAR and pharmacophore analysis. Ligand based pharmacophore model generation depends on the information regarding the known biological activity without any structural information depends on the macromolecular target. The ligand based VS is more expensive due to structure based methods. Based on the opposing chemical functionalities, and the geometric arrangement about each other, where the interactions are observed there is the pharmacophore features are placed on the ligand side. Niketa Singh | KM. Radha | Khushboo Rana | Fanish Kumar Pandey | Noopur Khare | Abhimanyu Kumar Jha "Bioinformatic Analysis of Selected Natural Compounds for Antidiabetic Potential" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42419.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.combiological-science/biotechnology/42419/bioinformatic-analysis-of-selected-natural-compounds-for-antidiabetic-potential/niketa-singh
Study of Serum Omentin-1 in Relation to Insulin Resistance in Type II Diabete...iosrjce
This study examined the relationship between serum Omentin-1 levels and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. It found that type 2 diabetes patients had significantly lower serum Omentin-1 levels compared to healthy controls. Serum Omentin-1 levels were negatively correlated with fasting blood sugar, fasting insulin levels, and insulin resistance (as measured by HOMA-IR) in diabetes patients. This suggests that higher insulin resistance is associated with lower serum Omentin-1 levels. The study concludes that Omentin-1 may play a role in insulin resistance and have potential as a future therapeutic target for diabetes.
Anti diabetic drugs in patients with diabetespharmaindexing
This study evaluated 93 diabetic patients with comorbidities to assess rational use of antidiabetic medications. The most common comorbidity was hypertension (48% of patients). Insulin was the most prescribed antidiabetic drug (64.4% of patients). Patient information materials on diabetes management were provided. The study aims to improve treatment of diabetes and comorbidities through rational prescribing and patient education.
A study on the pharmacological management of mineral bone disease in chronick...PARUL UNIVERSITY
This document summarizes a study on the pharmacological management of mineral bone disease in chronic kidney disease patients. The study included 180 patients with chronic kidney disease divided into groups with and without diabetes mellitus. Key findings include:
1) Serum calcium levels were significantly increased and estimated GFR significantly decreased in all patients at conclusion compared to baseline.
2) Serum calcium levels were significantly higher at conclusion in non-diabetic CKD patients, while estimated GFR decreased significantly in diabetic CKD patients.
3) The proportion of untreated patients was high for all drugs except vitamin D analogues in both CKD subgroups.
Abstract—Diabetes Mellitus is a lifestyle disease it is increasing with increase of urbanization. It is a side effect of development. Nowadays with the development of community it is also on increase trend. So this study was conducted on 250 patients of diabetes attended at Diabetic Clinic of SMS Hospital Jaipur, with the aim to find out socio-demographic profile of these diabetes cases. General information about the these case was gathered in a pre-designed semi-structured performa. It was found in this study that majority of cases were in age group of 31 to 45 years with slight male dominance. Education wise majority were Graduate followed by secondary educated and others. Likewise occupation wise majority were either unemployed of professional. Majority of cases were from Socio economic Class II and III. So it can be concluded that diabetes is a disease of middle age slight male dominance and of educated middle class individuals. Further studies are required to establish this fact.
A mapping study on blood glucose recommender system for patients with gestati...journalBEEI
Blood glucose (BG) prediction system can help gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) patient to improve the BG control with managing their dietary intake based on healthy food. Many techniques have been developed to deal with blood glucose prediction, especially those for recommender system. In this study, we conduct a systematic mapping study to investigate recent research about BG prediction in recommender systems. This study describes an overview of research (2014-2018) about BG prediction techniques that has been used for BG recommender system. As results, 25 studies concerning BG prediction in recommender system were selected. We observed that although there is numerous studies published, only a few studies took serious discussion about techniques used to incorporate the BG algorithms. Our result highlighted that only one study discusses hybrid filtering technique in BG recommender system for GDM even though it has an ability to learn from experience and to improve prediction performance. We hope that this study will encourage researchers to consider not only machine learning and artificial intelligent techniques but also hybrid filtering technique for BG recommender system in the future research.
This document summarizes a research article that studied the effects of herbal remedies on genes that regulate glucose transport (GLUT) in the liver and skeletal muscles. The article found that herbal remedies like Acacia arabica and Aegle marmelos were able to control blood glucose levels and modulate mechanisms involved in insulin resistance by potentially improving the expression of GLUT genes. Herbal medicines may provide an alternative or complementary treatment for diabetes by targeting the molecular pathways related to glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity.
The Effect on DNMT1 through Compounds for the Treatment of Cancer An In Silic...YogeshIJTSRD
Background Cancer is a disease that involves the abnormal gowth of the cell. After growing uncontrollably in continuation, it influences and grows in other parts of the body as well 1,2 . Benign types of Tumors doesn’t invade other body parts whereas Malignant Tumor support spreading and invading other parts of the body 3 . The main objective of this work is to use Molecular Docking method to develop a drug for the treatment of Cancer. Methods Docking was used to dock all the selected ligands with target protein i.e., DNMT1. The selected ligands were Thiophene, Sulfonamides, Chalcone, and Nitroimidazole. PyRx Software was used for the purpose of virtual screening to check various properties of these selected ligands like the Binding Affinity, RMSD Lower Bound , RMSD Upper Bound etc. PyRx and SwissADME both softwares were used for finding out the Drug Likeliness of every compound and to find out the best Compound to be docked with the target protein. Chalcone was found to be the best compound for Cancer treatment having least binding affinity.Results Molecular Docking of Chalcone with DNMT1 protein was performed with the help of AutoDock Vina Software. Output showed 9 positions of different binding affinities and RMSD values both Lower Bound and Upper Bound . Furthermore, the visualization of results was done with the help of PyMOL Software.Conclusion According to this study, Chalcone was the only compound from selected ligands that may be used to treat Cancer. Chalcone may act as a promising drug for cancer treatment in future perspectives. Mishka Tyagi | Noopur Khare | Abhimanyu Kumar Jha "The Effect on DNMT1 through Compounds for the Treatment of Cancer: An In-Silico Approach" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd43765.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/biotechnology-/43765/the-effect-on-dnmt1-through-compounds-for-the-treatment-of-cancer-an-insilico-approach/mishka-tyagi
Studies showed that RBO has important hypocholesterolemic effects. RBO
incorporates a healthy diet and fitness regimen to improve cardiac health
and other health conditions. It is important to remind everyone that RBO is
not a drug, even with minor changes in your lipid profile. This concept
could be beneficial. It is a convenient and cost-effective approach to a well-balanced life and better quality of life.
Study of Serum Omentin-1 in Relation to Insulin Resistance in Type II Diabete...iosrjce
This study examined the relationship between serum Omentin-1 levels and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. It found that type 2 diabetes patients had significantly lower serum Omentin-1 levels compared to healthy controls. Serum Omentin-1 levels were negatively correlated with fasting blood sugar, fasting insulin levels, and insulin resistance (as measured by HOMA-IR) in diabetes patients. This suggests that higher insulin resistance is associated with lower serum Omentin-1 levels. The study concludes that Omentin-1 may play a role in insulin resistance and have potential as a future therapeutic target for diabetes.
Anti diabetic drugs in patients with diabetespharmaindexing
This study evaluated 93 diabetic patients with comorbidities to assess rational use of antidiabetic medications. The most common comorbidity was hypertension (48% of patients). Insulin was the most prescribed antidiabetic drug (64.4% of patients). Patient information materials on diabetes management were provided. The study aims to improve treatment of diabetes and comorbidities through rational prescribing and patient education.
A study on the pharmacological management of mineral bone disease in chronick...PARUL UNIVERSITY
This document summarizes a study on the pharmacological management of mineral bone disease in chronic kidney disease patients. The study included 180 patients with chronic kidney disease divided into groups with and without diabetes mellitus. Key findings include:
1) Serum calcium levels were significantly increased and estimated GFR significantly decreased in all patients at conclusion compared to baseline.
2) Serum calcium levels were significantly higher at conclusion in non-diabetic CKD patients, while estimated GFR decreased significantly in diabetic CKD patients.
3) The proportion of untreated patients was high for all drugs except vitamin D analogues in both CKD subgroups.
Abstract—Diabetes Mellitus is a lifestyle disease it is increasing with increase of urbanization. It is a side effect of development. Nowadays with the development of community it is also on increase trend. So this study was conducted on 250 patients of diabetes attended at Diabetic Clinic of SMS Hospital Jaipur, with the aim to find out socio-demographic profile of these diabetes cases. General information about the these case was gathered in a pre-designed semi-structured performa. It was found in this study that majority of cases were in age group of 31 to 45 years with slight male dominance. Education wise majority were Graduate followed by secondary educated and others. Likewise occupation wise majority were either unemployed of professional. Majority of cases were from Socio economic Class II and III. So it can be concluded that diabetes is a disease of middle age slight male dominance and of educated middle class individuals. Further studies are required to establish this fact.
A mapping study on blood glucose recommender system for patients with gestati...journalBEEI
Blood glucose (BG) prediction system can help gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) patient to improve the BG control with managing their dietary intake based on healthy food. Many techniques have been developed to deal with blood glucose prediction, especially those for recommender system. In this study, we conduct a systematic mapping study to investigate recent research about BG prediction in recommender systems. This study describes an overview of research (2014-2018) about BG prediction techniques that has been used for BG recommender system. As results, 25 studies concerning BG prediction in recommender system were selected. We observed that although there is numerous studies published, only a few studies took serious discussion about techniques used to incorporate the BG algorithms. Our result highlighted that only one study discusses hybrid filtering technique in BG recommender system for GDM even though it has an ability to learn from experience and to improve prediction performance. We hope that this study will encourage researchers to consider not only machine learning and artificial intelligent techniques but also hybrid filtering technique for BG recommender system in the future research.
This document summarizes a research article that studied the effects of herbal remedies on genes that regulate glucose transport (GLUT) in the liver and skeletal muscles. The article found that herbal remedies like Acacia arabica and Aegle marmelos were able to control blood glucose levels and modulate mechanisms involved in insulin resistance by potentially improving the expression of GLUT genes. Herbal medicines may provide an alternative or complementary treatment for diabetes by targeting the molecular pathways related to glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity.
The Effect on DNMT1 through Compounds for the Treatment of Cancer An In Silic...YogeshIJTSRD
Background Cancer is a disease that involves the abnormal gowth of the cell. After growing uncontrollably in continuation, it influences and grows in other parts of the body as well 1,2 . Benign types of Tumors doesn’t invade other body parts whereas Malignant Tumor support spreading and invading other parts of the body 3 . The main objective of this work is to use Molecular Docking method to develop a drug for the treatment of Cancer. Methods Docking was used to dock all the selected ligands with target protein i.e., DNMT1. The selected ligands were Thiophene, Sulfonamides, Chalcone, and Nitroimidazole. PyRx Software was used for the purpose of virtual screening to check various properties of these selected ligands like the Binding Affinity, RMSD Lower Bound , RMSD Upper Bound etc. PyRx and SwissADME both softwares were used for finding out the Drug Likeliness of every compound and to find out the best Compound to be docked with the target protein. Chalcone was found to be the best compound for Cancer treatment having least binding affinity.Results Molecular Docking of Chalcone with DNMT1 protein was performed with the help of AutoDock Vina Software. Output showed 9 positions of different binding affinities and RMSD values both Lower Bound and Upper Bound . Furthermore, the visualization of results was done with the help of PyMOL Software.Conclusion According to this study, Chalcone was the only compound from selected ligands that may be used to treat Cancer. Chalcone may act as a promising drug for cancer treatment in future perspectives. Mishka Tyagi | Noopur Khare | Abhimanyu Kumar Jha "The Effect on DNMT1 through Compounds for the Treatment of Cancer: An In-Silico Approach" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd43765.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/biotechnology-/43765/the-effect-on-dnmt1-through-compounds-for-the-treatment-of-cancer-an-insilico-approach/mishka-tyagi
Studies showed that RBO has important hypocholesterolemic effects. RBO
incorporates a healthy diet and fitness regimen to improve cardiac health
and other health conditions. It is important to remind everyone that RBO is
not a drug, even with minor changes in your lipid profile. This concept
could be beneficial. It is a convenient and cost-effective approach to a well-balanced life and better quality of life.
A comparative analysis of biochemical and hematological parameters in diabeti...amsjournal
This study evaluated the biochemical and the hematological parameters in diabetic and non- diabetic patients. The measured biochemical parameters were fasting blood sugar, serum alanine aminotransferase (SGPT/ALT), total cholesterol, urea, creatinine and hematological parameters were hemoglobin, total white blood cell, neutrophil, lymphocyte,monocyte, eosinophil and ESR. There were 403 diabetic and 320 non-diabetic subjects included in this study and the study was carried out in BIRDEM (Bangladesh Institute of Research & Rehabilitation in Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders) General Hospital). It was observed that the mean values of SGPT/ALT (p<0.001),><0.001)><0.001)><0.001),><0.004),><0.001) of hematological parameters were significantly higher in diabetic patients than in the non-diabetic patients. In univariate analysis, all biochemical parameters and only four hematological parameters were found significantly associated with fasting blood sugar after adjusted with age and sex. The fasting blood sugar correlates highly with the other biochemical parameters but less or none with the hematological parameters. Our findings demonstrated that control of increased biochemical parameters and abnormal hematological levels in the early stage of diabetes mellitus may help the patients to raise quality of life.
A Retrospective Study of Clinical and Biochemical Profile in Geriatric Patien...PARUL UNIVERSITY
The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical and
biochemical characteristics of geriatric patients with type 2
diabetes mellitus (DM) attending tertiary care teaching hospital,
SVIMS, Tirupati. OBJECTIVES: To document clinical
features, biochemical parameters and anti-diabetic medications
received as per records. METHODOLOGY: This
retrospective study was performed in Department of
Endocrinology in SVIMS, Tirupati, over a period of 6 months.
Demograghic details, laboratory parameters and
pharmacotherapy details were collected in the pre-designed
annexure form. RESULTS: A total of 100 diabetic elderly
patients were included in the study. Out of which 57 were men,
43 were women. Most of them were under the age group of
60-64 years followed by other age groups. 28 patients were
having the diabetes duration of 11-15 years. Some of them were
having diabetic complications (such as diabetic retinopathy,
diabetic neuropathy, diabetic nephropathy). Among 100
patients, 32 patients were normal weight, 22 patients were
overweight, 28 patients were obese-I, 18 patients were obese-II.
About 85% of patients were having high lipid levels. Some
patients were on Oral Hypoglycemic Agents (OHAS), some
patients were using both Insulin & OHAS.CONCLUSION:
The present study comprised of 100 elderly type 2 diabetic
patients in which males were higher in number when compared
to females, most of the patients were in the age of group of
60-64 years. Hypertension was the most common co-morbidity
associated with DM followed by Coronary Artery Disease
(CAD). Diabetic neuropathy was the most prevalent
complication followed by Diabetic retinopathy and diabetic
nephropathy. In this study 46% of the patients were obese. Most
of the patients were on OHAS alone, some were on OHAS and
Insulin combination therapy while very few were on insulin
therapy alone. Dyslipidemia was present in 85% of the patients
and the most common form of dyslipidemia was low HDL and
high LD
Mathematical Model for Drug Therapy in Patients With Diabetes MellitusIJESM JOURNAL
This study presents a new mathematical model for Drug Therapy in Patients with Diabetes
Mellitus which includes external rate at which blood glucose, insulin and epinephrine is being
increased in the form, ( , , ) ( )
.
Y f g h e r t i i . The system has been analyzed and solved to provide
the systems natural frequency, ω0, which is the basic descriptor of saturation level of the drug.
We establish that the resonance period for the final model, that is, T0=3.76912 hrs, agrees well
with the data for the existing insulin therapy, showing that the peak, which is the time period for
insulin to be most effective in lowering blood sugar, is in the acceptable therapeutic range.
Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary 93A30; Secondary 91B74, 93C15, 92C50, 92C42
Insulin resistance and cancer the role of insulin and IGFsBladimir Viloria
This document discusses the role of insulin and insulin-like growth factors (ILFs) such as IGF1 and IGF2 in linking insulin resistance to cancer risk. It summarizes evidence that ILPs regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis through signaling pathways involved in carcinogenesis. While some epidemiological studies found associations between ILP levels and cancer risk, the data is still debated. The document reviews how ILP signaling through insulin and IGF receptors can activate pathways driving cell growth and inhibiting cell death, thus playing a role in cancer development and progression. It proposes ILPs may represent a link between the pathogenic processes of insulin resistance, inflammation, diabetes, and certain cancers.
A Descriptive Study to Assess the Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Self Admin...ijtsrd
Diabetes mellitus is characterized by abnormally high levels of sugar glucose in the blood. When the amount of glucose in the blood increases, e.g., after a meal, it triggers the release of the hormone insulin from the pancreas. Insulin stimulates muscle and fat cells to remove glucose from the blood and stimulates the liver to metabolize glucose, causing the blood sugar level to decrease to normal levels. In people with diabetes, blood sugar levels remain high. This may be because insulin is not being produced at all, is not made at sufficient levels, or is not as effective as it should be. The most common forms of diabetes are type 1 diabetes 5 , which is an autoimmune disorder, and type 2 diabetes 95 , which is associated with obesity. Gestational diabetes is a form of diabetes that occurs in pregnancy, and other forms of diabetes are very rare and are caused by a single gene mutation. For many years, scientists have been searching for clues in our genetic makeup that may explain why some people are more likely to get diabetes than others are. The Genetic Landscape of Diabetes introduces some of the genes that have been suggested to play a role in the development of diabetes. Archana | G. Ramalakshmi "A Descriptive Study to Assess the Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Self Administration of Insulin Injection among Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Rural Area at Dehradun" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-1 , December 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd35843.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/35843/a-descriptive-study-to-assess-the-knowledge-and-attitude-regarding-self-administration-of-insulin-injection-among-diabetes-mellitus-patients-in-rural-area-at-dehradun/archana
This study examined the effects of supplementing type 2 diabetic patients with drumstick (Moringa oleifera) leaf tablets over 3 months. The experimental group that received the leaf tablets showed a significant reduction in post-prandial blood glucose levels and glycated hemoglobin levels compared to the control group. Post-prandial blood glucose in the experimental group decreased from 210 mg/dl initially to 150 mg/dl after 3 months of supplementation. Glycated hemoglobin levels decreased from 7.81% to 7.40% in the experimental group. The results indicate that drumstick leaf supplementation can help reduce blood glucose levels and diabetic complications in patients with type 2 diabetes.
This document summarizes the evidence from clinical trials on the efficacy of insulin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes. It discusses two major randomized controlled trials, UGDP and UKPDS 33, that evaluated insulin therapy versus other treatments. The summary finds that insulin therapy did not significantly reduce mortality, microvascular complications, or macrovascular complications based on the results of these two trials. It concludes that the current evidence for recommending insulin therapy to prevent patient-oriented outcomes in type 2 diabetes is weak given uncertainties about its long-term safety and known adverse effects like hypoglycemia and weight gain.
This document provides a summary of the CV of Prof. Dr. Shah Murad including his professional qualifications, experience, and publications. It lists his educational background which includes degrees in MBBS, M.Phil in Pharmacology, and a PhD in Pharmacology. It details his professional experience serving as Professor and HOD of Pharmacology at various medical colleges in Pakistan from 2003 to present. Finally, it provides a list of 41 national and international research papers published in medical journals.
A review on plants act on both antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic plantsSriramNagarajan19
Since ancient times, plants have been an exemplary source of medicine. Ayurveda and other Indian literature mentioned the use of plants in treatment of various human ailments. Medical plants play an important role in the management of diabetes mellitus especially in developing countries where resources are meager. Oral hypoglycemic agents like sulphonylureas and biguanides are still the major players in the management of the disease but there is growing interest in herbal remedies due to the side effects associated with the oral hypoglycemic agents. Herbal medicines have been the highly esteemed source of medicine throughout human history. Hyperlipidemia has been ranked as one of the greatest risk factors contributing to prevalence and severity of coronary heart diseases. Hyperlipidemia is a condition when abnormally high levels of lipids i.e. the fatty substances are found in the blood. Hypolipidemic drugs are extensively used as prophylactic agents to prevent such atherosclerosis induced disorders. But these hypolipidemic drugs are not free from adverse effects. Many plant derivatives and domestic remedies have been screened for their hypolipidemic action. More than 70 medicinal plants have been documented to have significant hypolipidemic action. During the last decade, an increase in the use of medicinal plants has been observed in metropolitan areas of developed countries. Medicinal plants play a major role in diabetes and hypolipidemic activity. The advantages of herbal medicines reported are effectiveness, safety, affordability and acceptability, this review focus on diabeties and hyperlipidemia and the role of plants used for the treatment of diabeties and hyperlipidemia.
This document discusses barriers to insulin therapy. It notes that while diabetes guidelines recommend tight glycemic control through insulin therapy, few patients actually achieve target HbA1c levels. Barriers include limitations among healthcare providers in providing education on proper insulin administration techniques, as well as patient challenges like fear of hypoglycemia, weight gain, and the perceived complexity of insulin treatment. Overcoming these barriers through education on insulin products like Insuman, which can be easily resuspended to ensure accurate dosing, and reusable insulin pens like AllStar, which are easy for patients to use correctly, may help improve adherence to insulin regimens.
This study examined the effects of consuming probiotic yogurt on serum cholesterol levels in 46 individuals with hypercholesterolemia in Shiraz, Iran. The participants were divided into two groups, with one group consuming 300g per day of probiotic yogurt containing Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacteria, and the other consuming regular yogurt, over two 6-week periods. Blood samples analyzed before and after each period found that consumption of probiotic yogurt significantly reduced LDL ("bad") cholesterol levels compared to regular yogurt. Additionally, probiotic yogurt reduced total cholesterol and increased HDL ("good") cholesterol, though not significantly. The results suggest that probiotic bacteria like L. acidophilus and Bifidobacteria can
This curriculum vitae summarizes the qualifications and experience of Dr. Deep Dutta. He is currently an Assistant Professor of Endocrinology at PGIMER & Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital in New Delhi, India. He has over 16 years of experience in medicine and 7 years of experience specifically in endocrinology. His qualifications include an MBBS from JIPMER, MD in Medicine, DM in Endocrinology, DNB in Endocrinology, MRCP from the UK, and FACE from the USA. He has published over 95 papers in international journals and serves on the editorial board of several journals.
This document summarizes a study that investigated factors affecting intensive care unit (ICU) and long-term mortality in patients who underwent tracheostomy due to respiratory failure. The study included 115 patients who received percutaneous or surgical tracheostomy between 2016-2019. It found that hospital mortality was higher in patients with growth of the resistant bacteria Acinetobacter baumannii. However, long-term survival was not affected by the growth of A. baumannii. Patients who had a history of cerebrovascular accident had lower long-term survival. The study concluded that rational antibiotic therapy and prevention/treatment of cerebrovascular accidents could help improve short and long-term survival in these patients.
This document provides an introduction and literature review for a thesis on the effect of low glycemic index foods on subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. It discusses the definition and types of diabetes, risk factors, symptoms and complications. It reviews the prevalence of diabetes globally and management strategies, with a focus on dietary management and the concepts of glycemic index and load. Specific foods proposed for a low glycemic index multigrain mix are discussed. The objectives of the thesis are outlined.
Comparative Study of Clinical and Laboratory Parameters When Prescribing Comp...ijtsrd
A comparative study of clinical and laboratory parameters was conducted when prescribing complex therapy to postmenopausal women with a history of PCOS. Depending on the type of prescribed therapy, groups of patients with hyperglycemia and impaired glucose tolerance were formed, they underwent M T in combination with drugs for the correction of insulin resistance. It was revealed that MGT in the composition with drospirenone, prescribed to women with menopausal complications with PCOS in the anamnesis, relieves menopausal disorders, has a favorable effect on the lipid profile, prevents the development of fatal complications of menopause. However, the addition of insulin sensitizers to complex therapy demonstrated significant significant differences in the levels of the studied parameters, which made it possible to achieve a significant increase in the effectiveness of the therapy. Gafurova Feruza Ahrorovna "Comparative Study of Clinical and Laboratory Parameters When Prescribing Complex Therapy to Postmenopausal Women with a History of PCOS" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46325.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/46325/comparative-study-of-clinical-and-laboratory-parameters-when-prescribing-complex-therapy-to-postmenopausal-women-with-a-history-of-pcos/gafurova-feruza-ahrorovna
Background: Diabetic Maculopathy (DME) does not compulsorily fi t the usual course of diabetic retinopathy advancement. This
work aimed to study the variables associated with DME in a cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus from Basrah (Southern Iraq).
Patients and Methods: This was a cross sectional study from Faiha Specialized Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolism Center)
(FDEMC) done over the period of January - April 2014. The study enrolled 197 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with at least 10 years duration and aged >30 years.
The document summarizes a study that investigated the effects of hydro-alcoholic extract of Urtica dioica supplementation on blood lipids, hepatic enzymes, and nitric oxide levels in patients with type 2 diabetes. 50 female patients with type 2 diabetes were divided into a control group that received placebo and an intervention group that received Urtica dioica extract for 8 weeks. The results showed that the intervention group had significantly decreased fasting plasma glucose, triglycerides, and SGPT levels, and significantly increased HDL, nitric oxide, and SOD levels compared to the control group after treatment. The study encourages the use of Urtica dioica extract as an antioxidant agent for additional therapy of diabetes.
Albuminuria has been recognized as a marker for prognosis of renal and cardiovascular risk in diabetic patients. Role of microalbuminuria in cardiac disease and nephropathy has not been surveyed in Pakistani population and its foretelling importance in diabetic individuals is undetermined. In this study we examined the relation between microalbuminuria, HbA1c and serum albumin levels in association with diabetes in population of Pakistan based on equal number of male and female subjects with and without prevalent baseline diabetes. We found that increased levels of micro albuminuria are associated with cardiovascular disease, HbA1c with nephropathy and serum albumin with cardiovascular disease, nephropathy and hypertension in the diabetic patient.
A correlation study to determine the effect of diabetes self management on di...Kurt Naugles M.D., M.P.H.
This document is a literature review for a study examining the effect of diabetes self-management on health outcomes. It provides background on diabetes, discussing the different types (type 1, type 2, gestational), symptoms, diagnostic criteria, and epidemiology. Diabetes is a major public health issue, affecting over 26 million Americans and being the 7th leading cause of death. The study aims to examine the role self-management plays in health outcomes for those living with diabetes.
Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Obese Patients Attending Selected Tertiary Hospi...ijtsrd
Oxidative stress has continued to play major roles in the etiology of many metabolic diseases, diabetes and obesity inclusive. The study on oxidative stress in diabetic obese patients was carried out with patients from two tertiary hospitals in Abia State Nigeria who gave their consent to participate in the study. A total of 120 patients 18 years and above who were stratified into five different age groups were enrolled for the study. Following approved protocols fasting blood samples were collected and a semi structured questionnaire used to collect other data needed for the study. Data was analyzed using T test and SPSS version 20.0 software and result considered significant at p 0.05. The results showed that body mass index BMI were higher in females than males 37.20 vs 35.12 kg m2. The oxidative stress markers or parameters of the experimental groups follow a uniform trend of significant increases in Malondialdehyde MDA , and significant decreases in enzymes Glutathione peroxidases GPx and Superoxide dismutase SOD and vitamins C and E . Also middle aged patients 30 50 years were equally affected with diabetes and more in females than males. Generally increased oxidative stress or impaired antioxidant defense system in diabetic obese condition may contribute to increased metabolic damage. Egejuru O. Leonard | Akubugwo I. Emmanuel | Chinyere O. Godwin | Ugorji N. Beatrice "Oxidative Stress in Diabetic-Obese Patients Attending Selected Tertiary Hospital in Abia State Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47548.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biochemistry/47548/oxidative-stress-in-diabeticobese-patients-attending-selected-tertiary-hospital-in-abia-state-nigeria/egejuru-o-leonard
Peer #1 Nicholette ThomasTypes of diabetes Type 1 .docxpauline234567
Peer #1
Nicholette Thomas
Types of diabetes:
Type 1 diabetes only accounts for 5% of diabetes cases and is usually diagnosed in childhood or adolescent ages (Rosenthal & Burchum, 2017). In type 1, the body destroys its own pancreatic beta cells through an autoimmune process. For this reason, no insulin can be produced innately, hence why it is known as insulin-dependent diabetes (Rosenthal & Burchum, 2017). Juvenile diabetes used to be used interchangeably with the term Type 1 diabetes, although the incidence of children developing type 2 diabetes is on the rise as well as the correlated rates of childhood obesity (Valaiyapathi et al., 2020).
Type 2 diabetes, which will be the main focus of this discussion, is usually diagnosed after the age of 40, and while there is a large hereditary component, it is often brought on largely by modifiable risk factors such as obesity, poor diet and sedentary lifestyle (Rosenthal & Burchum, 2017). It is characterized by the development of insulin resistance within target tissues such as the liver and adipose tissue, as well as an impaired or delayed secretion of insulin (Rosenthal & Burchum, 2017). Diagnosis of diabetes can include a combination of different tests including a fasting plasma glucose (FPG) of greater than 126 mg/dL, a random glucose of greater than 200, an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) of greater than 11, and an A1c of greater than 6.5% (Quattrocchi et al., 2020). It is important to note that other conditions can affect the hgb A1c as well, such as sickle cell, anemia, blood transfusions, dialysis and pregnancy (Quattrocchi et al., 2020). Therefore, multiple tests should be performed and possibly repeated before making a definitive diagnosis.
Gestational diabetes is brought on by pregnancy and subsides rapidly after the birth of the child (Rosenthal & Burchum, 2017). It can be difficult to control due to elevated cortisol levels during pregnancy, other placental hormones that can antagonize the actions of insulin, and also due to the ability of glucose to freely get into the blood of the fetus (Rosenthal & Burchum, 2017). For this reason, blood glucose levels often need to be checked six to seven times per day and be correlated properly with meals / amount of carbohydrates to avoid harm to the fetus. Diet and insulin are utilized primarily to treat this type of diabetes (Rosenthal & Burchum, 2017).
Drug Therapy: Metformin
There are many different types of oral medications and different types of insulin that can be used to manage diabetes. Each class of oral medications works differently in the body to help lower blood sugar. A stepwise approach for managing diabetes, especially alongside different comorbidities such as heart disease and CKD should be implemented, as noted by the recommendations by the ADA, which I will link the updated 2023 articles for standards of care for pharm management under the references listed below. For the purpose o.
A comparative analysis of biochemical and hematological parameters in diabeti...amsjournal
This study evaluated the biochemical and the hematological parameters in diabetic and non- diabetic patients. The measured biochemical parameters were fasting blood sugar, serum alanine aminotransferase (SGPT/ALT), total cholesterol, urea, creatinine and hematological parameters were hemoglobin, total white blood cell, neutrophil, lymphocyte,monocyte, eosinophil and ESR. There were 403 diabetic and 320 non-diabetic subjects included in this study and the study was carried out in BIRDEM (Bangladesh Institute of Research & Rehabilitation in Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders) General Hospital). It was observed that the mean values of SGPT/ALT (p<0.001),><0.001)><0.001)><0.001),><0.004),><0.001) of hematological parameters were significantly higher in diabetic patients than in the non-diabetic patients. In univariate analysis, all biochemical parameters and only four hematological parameters were found significantly associated with fasting blood sugar after adjusted with age and sex. The fasting blood sugar correlates highly with the other biochemical parameters but less or none with the hematological parameters. Our findings demonstrated that control of increased biochemical parameters and abnormal hematological levels in the early stage of diabetes mellitus may help the patients to raise quality of life.
A Retrospective Study of Clinical and Biochemical Profile in Geriatric Patien...PARUL UNIVERSITY
The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical and
biochemical characteristics of geriatric patients with type 2
diabetes mellitus (DM) attending tertiary care teaching hospital,
SVIMS, Tirupati. OBJECTIVES: To document clinical
features, biochemical parameters and anti-diabetic medications
received as per records. METHODOLOGY: This
retrospective study was performed in Department of
Endocrinology in SVIMS, Tirupati, over a period of 6 months.
Demograghic details, laboratory parameters and
pharmacotherapy details were collected in the pre-designed
annexure form. RESULTS: A total of 100 diabetic elderly
patients were included in the study. Out of which 57 were men,
43 were women. Most of them were under the age group of
60-64 years followed by other age groups. 28 patients were
having the diabetes duration of 11-15 years. Some of them were
having diabetic complications (such as diabetic retinopathy,
diabetic neuropathy, diabetic nephropathy). Among 100
patients, 32 patients were normal weight, 22 patients were
overweight, 28 patients were obese-I, 18 patients were obese-II.
About 85% of patients were having high lipid levels. Some
patients were on Oral Hypoglycemic Agents (OHAS), some
patients were using both Insulin & OHAS.CONCLUSION:
The present study comprised of 100 elderly type 2 diabetic
patients in which males were higher in number when compared
to females, most of the patients were in the age of group of
60-64 years. Hypertension was the most common co-morbidity
associated with DM followed by Coronary Artery Disease
(CAD). Diabetic neuropathy was the most prevalent
complication followed by Diabetic retinopathy and diabetic
nephropathy. In this study 46% of the patients were obese. Most
of the patients were on OHAS alone, some were on OHAS and
Insulin combination therapy while very few were on insulin
therapy alone. Dyslipidemia was present in 85% of the patients
and the most common form of dyslipidemia was low HDL and
high LD
Mathematical Model for Drug Therapy in Patients With Diabetes MellitusIJESM JOURNAL
This study presents a new mathematical model for Drug Therapy in Patients with Diabetes
Mellitus which includes external rate at which blood glucose, insulin and epinephrine is being
increased in the form, ( , , ) ( )
.
Y f g h e r t i i . The system has been analyzed and solved to provide
the systems natural frequency, ω0, which is the basic descriptor of saturation level of the drug.
We establish that the resonance period for the final model, that is, T0=3.76912 hrs, agrees well
with the data for the existing insulin therapy, showing that the peak, which is the time period for
insulin to be most effective in lowering blood sugar, is in the acceptable therapeutic range.
Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary 93A30; Secondary 91B74, 93C15, 92C50, 92C42
Insulin resistance and cancer the role of insulin and IGFsBladimir Viloria
This document discusses the role of insulin and insulin-like growth factors (ILFs) such as IGF1 and IGF2 in linking insulin resistance to cancer risk. It summarizes evidence that ILPs regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis through signaling pathways involved in carcinogenesis. While some epidemiological studies found associations between ILP levels and cancer risk, the data is still debated. The document reviews how ILP signaling through insulin and IGF receptors can activate pathways driving cell growth and inhibiting cell death, thus playing a role in cancer development and progression. It proposes ILPs may represent a link between the pathogenic processes of insulin resistance, inflammation, diabetes, and certain cancers.
A Descriptive Study to Assess the Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Self Admin...ijtsrd
Diabetes mellitus is characterized by abnormally high levels of sugar glucose in the blood. When the amount of glucose in the blood increases, e.g., after a meal, it triggers the release of the hormone insulin from the pancreas. Insulin stimulates muscle and fat cells to remove glucose from the blood and stimulates the liver to metabolize glucose, causing the blood sugar level to decrease to normal levels. In people with diabetes, blood sugar levels remain high. This may be because insulin is not being produced at all, is not made at sufficient levels, or is not as effective as it should be. The most common forms of diabetes are type 1 diabetes 5 , which is an autoimmune disorder, and type 2 diabetes 95 , which is associated with obesity. Gestational diabetes is a form of diabetes that occurs in pregnancy, and other forms of diabetes are very rare and are caused by a single gene mutation. For many years, scientists have been searching for clues in our genetic makeup that may explain why some people are more likely to get diabetes than others are. The Genetic Landscape of Diabetes introduces some of the genes that have been suggested to play a role in the development of diabetes. Archana | G. Ramalakshmi "A Descriptive Study to Assess the Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Self Administration of Insulin Injection among Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Rural Area at Dehradun" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-1 , December 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd35843.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/35843/a-descriptive-study-to-assess-the-knowledge-and-attitude-regarding-self-administration-of-insulin-injection-among-diabetes-mellitus-patients-in-rural-area-at-dehradun/archana
This study examined the effects of supplementing type 2 diabetic patients with drumstick (Moringa oleifera) leaf tablets over 3 months. The experimental group that received the leaf tablets showed a significant reduction in post-prandial blood glucose levels and glycated hemoglobin levels compared to the control group. Post-prandial blood glucose in the experimental group decreased from 210 mg/dl initially to 150 mg/dl after 3 months of supplementation. Glycated hemoglobin levels decreased from 7.81% to 7.40% in the experimental group. The results indicate that drumstick leaf supplementation can help reduce blood glucose levels and diabetic complications in patients with type 2 diabetes.
This document summarizes the evidence from clinical trials on the efficacy of insulin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes. It discusses two major randomized controlled trials, UGDP and UKPDS 33, that evaluated insulin therapy versus other treatments. The summary finds that insulin therapy did not significantly reduce mortality, microvascular complications, or macrovascular complications based on the results of these two trials. It concludes that the current evidence for recommending insulin therapy to prevent patient-oriented outcomes in type 2 diabetes is weak given uncertainties about its long-term safety and known adverse effects like hypoglycemia and weight gain.
This document provides a summary of the CV of Prof. Dr. Shah Murad including his professional qualifications, experience, and publications. It lists his educational background which includes degrees in MBBS, M.Phil in Pharmacology, and a PhD in Pharmacology. It details his professional experience serving as Professor and HOD of Pharmacology at various medical colleges in Pakistan from 2003 to present. Finally, it provides a list of 41 national and international research papers published in medical journals.
A review on plants act on both antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic plantsSriramNagarajan19
Since ancient times, plants have been an exemplary source of medicine. Ayurveda and other Indian literature mentioned the use of plants in treatment of various human ailments. Medical plants play an important role in the management of diabetes mellitus especially in developing countries where resources are meager. Oral hypoglycemic agents like sulphonylureas and biguanides are still the major players in the management of the disease but there is growing interest in herbal remedies due to the side effects associated with the oral hypoglycemic agents. Herbal medicines have been the highly esteemed source of medicine throughout human history. Hyperlipidemia has been ranked as one of the greatest risk factors contributing to prevalence and severity of coronary heart diseases. Hyperlipidemia is a condition when abnormally high levels of lipids i.e. the fatty substances are found in the blood. Hypolipidemic drugs are extensively used as prophylactic agents to prevent such atherosclerosis induced disorders. But these hypolipidemic drugs are not free from adverse effects. Many plant derivatives and domestic remedies have been screened for their hypolipidemic action. More than 70 medicinal plants have been documented to have significant hypolipidemic action. During the last decade, an increase in the use of medicinal plants has been observed in metropolitan areas of developed countries. Medicinal plants play a major role in diabetes and hypolipidemic activity. The advantages of herbal medicines reported are effectiveness, safety, affordability and acceptability, this review focus on diabeties and hyperlipidemia and the role of plants used for the treatment of diabeties and hyperlipidemia.
This document discusses barriers to insulin therapy. It notes that while diabetes guidelines recommend tight glycemic control through insulin therapy, few patients actually achieve target HbA1c levels. Barriers include limitations among healthcare providers in providing education on proper insulin administration techniques, as well as patient challenges like fear of hypoglycemia, weight gain, and the perceived complexity of insulin treatment. Overcoming these barriers through education on insulin products like Insuman, which can be easily resuspended to ensure accurate dosing, and reusable insulin pens like AllStar, which are easy for patients to use correctly, may help improve adherence to insulin regimens.
This study examined the effects of consuming probiotic yogurt on serum cholesterol levels in 46 individuals with hypercholesterolemia in Shiraz, Iran. The participants were divided into two groups, with one group consuming 300g per day of probiotic yogurt containing Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacteria, and the other consuming regular yogurt, over two 6-week periods. Blood samples analyzed before and after each period found that consumption of probiotic yogurt significantly reduced LDL ("bad") cholesterol levels compared to regular yogurt. Additionally, probiotic yogurt reduced total cholesterol and increased HDL ("good") cholesterol, though not significantly. The results suggest that probiotic bacteria like L. acidophilus and Bifidobacteria can
This curriculum vitae summarizes the qualifications and experience of Dr. Deep Dutta. He is currently an Assistant Professor of Endocrinology at PGIMER & Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital in New Delhi, India. He has over 16 years of experience in medicine and 7 years of experience specifically in endocrinology. His qualifications include an MBBS from JIPMER, MD in Medicine, DM in Endocrinology, DNB in Endocrinology, MRCP from the UK, and FACE from the USA. He has published over 95 papers in international journals and serves on the editorial board of several journals.
This document summarizes a study that investigated factors affecting intensive care unit (ICU) and long-term mortality in patients who underwent tracheostomy due to respiratory failure. The study included 115 patients who received percutaneous or surgical tracheostomy between 2016-2019. It found that hospital mortality was higher in patients with growth of the resistant bacteria Acinetobacter baumannii. However, long-term survival was not affected by the growth of A. baumannii. Patients who had a history of cerebrovascular accident had lower long-term survival. The study concluded that rational antibiotic therapy and prevention/treatment of cerebrovascular accidents could help improve short and long-term survival in these patients.
This document provides an introduction and literature review for a thesis on the effect of low glycemic index foods on subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. It discusses the definition and types of diabetes, risk factors, symptoms and complications. It reviews the prevalence of diabetes globally and management strategies, with a focus on dietary management and the concepts of glycemic index and load. Specific foods proposed for a low glycemic index multigrain mix are discussed. The objectives of the thesis are outlined.
Comparative Study of Clinical and Laboratory Parameters When Prescribing Comp...ijtsrd
A comparative study of clinical and laboratory parameters was conducted when prescribing complex therapy to postmenopausal women with a history of PCOS. Depending on the type of prescribed therapy, groups of patients with hyperglycemia and impaired glucose tolerance were formed, they underwent M T in combination with drugs for the correction of insulin resistance. It was revealed that MGT in the composition with drospirenone, prescribed to women with menopausal complications with PCOS in the anamnesis, relieves menopausal disorders, has a favorable effect on the lipid profile, prevents the development of fatal complications of menopause. However, the addition of insulin sensitizers to complex therapy demonstrated significant significant differences in the levels of the studied parameters, which made it possible to achieve a significant increase in the effectiveness of the therapy. Gafurova Feruza Ahrorovna "Comparative Study of Clinical and Laboratory Parameters When Prescribing Complex Therapy to Postmenopausal Women with a History of PCOS" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46325.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/46325/comparative-study-of-clinical-and-laboratory-parameters-when-prescribing-complex-therapy-to-postmenopausal-women-with-a-history-of-pcos/gafurova-feruza-ahrorovna
Background: Diabetic Maculopathy (DME) does not compulsorily fi t the usual course of diabetic retinopathy advancement. This
work aimed to study the variables associated with DME in a cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus from Basrah (Southern Iraq).
Patients and Methods: This was a cross sectional study from Faiha Specialized Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolism Center)
(FDEMC) done over the period of January - April 2014. The study enrolled 197 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with at least 10 years duration and aged >30 years.
The document summarizes a study that investigated the effects of hydro-alcoholic extract of Urtica dioica supplementation on blood lipids, hepatic enzymes, and nitric oxide levels in patients with type 2 diabetes. 50 female patients with type 2 diabetes were divided into a control group that received placebo and an intervention group that received Urtica dioica extract for 8 weeks. The results showed that the intervention group had significantly decreased fasting plasma glucose, triglycerides, and SGPT levels, and significantly increased HDL, nitric oxide, and SOD levels compared to the control group after treatment. The study encourages the use of Urtica dioica extract as an antioxidant agent for additional therapy of diabetes.
Albuminuria has been recognized as a marker for prognosis of renal and cardiovascular risk in diabetic patients. Role of microalbuminuria in cardiac disease and nephropathy has not been surveyed in Pakistani population and its foretelling importance in diabetic individuals is undetermined. In this study we examined the relation between microalbuminuria, HbA1c and serum albumin levels in association with diabetes in population of Pakistan based on equal number of male and female subjects with and without prevalent baseline diabetes. We found that increased levels of micro albuminuria are associated with cardiovascular disease, HbA1c with nephropathy and serum albumin with cardiovascular disease, nephropathy and hypertension in the diabetic patient.
A correlation study to determine the effect of diabetes self management on di...Kurt Naugles M.D., M.P.H.
This document is a literature review for a study examining the effect of diabetes self-management on health outcomes. It provides background on diabetes, discussing the different types (type 1, type 2, gestational), symptoms, diagnostic criteria, and epidemiology. Diabetes is a major public health issue, affecting over 26 million Americans and being the 7th leading cause of death. The study aims to examine the role self-management plays in health outcomes for those living with diabetes.
Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Obese Patients Attending Selected Tertiary Hospi...ijtsrd
Oxidative stress has continued to play major roles in the etiology of many metabolic diseases, diabetes and obesity inclusive. The study on oxidative stress in diabetic obese patients was carried out with patients from two tertiary hospitals in Abia State Nigeria who gave their consent to participate in the study. A total of 120 patients 18 years and above who were stratified into five different age groups were enrolled for the study. Following approved protocols fasting blood samples were collected and a semi structured questionnaire used to collect other data needed for the study. Data was analyzed using T test and SPSS version 20.0 software and result considered significant at p 0.05. The results showed that body mass index BMI were higher in females than males 37.20 vs 35.12 kg m2. The oxidative stress markers or parameters of the experimental groups follow a uniform trend of significant increases in Malondialdehyde MDA , and significant decreases in enzymes Glutathione peroxidases GPx and Superoxide dismutase SOD and vitamins C and E . Also middle aged patients 30 50 years were equally affected with diabetes and more in females than males. Generally increased oxidative stress or impaired antioxidant defense system in diabetic obese condition may contribute to increased metabolic damage. Egejuru O. Leonard | Akubugwo I. Emmanuel | Chinyere O. Godwin | Ugorji N. Beatrice "Oxidative Stress in Diabetic-Obese Patients Attending Selected Tertiary Hospital in Abia State Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47548.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biochemistry/47548/oxidative-stress-in-diabeticobese-patients-attending-selected-tertiary-hospital-in-abia-state-nigeria/egejuru-o-leonard
Peer #1 Nicholette ThomasTypes of diabetes Type 1 .docxpauline234567
Peer #1
Nicholette Thomas
Types of diabetes:
Type 1 diabetes only accounts for 5% of diabetes cases and is usually diagnosed in childhood or adolescent ages (Rosenthal & Burchum, 2017). In type 1, the body destroys its own pancreatic beta cells through an autoimmune process. For this reason, no insulin can be produced innately, hence why it is known as insulin-dependent diabetes (Rosenthal & Burchum, 2017). Juvenile diabetes used to be used interchangeably with the term Type 1 diabetes, although the incidence of children developing type 2 diabetes is on the rise as well as the correlated rates of childhood obesity (Valaiyapathi et al., 2020).
Type 2 diabetes, which will be the main focus of this discussion, is usually diagnosed after the age of 40, and while there is a large hereditary component, it is often brought on largely by modifiable risk factors such as obesity, poor diet and sedentary lifestyle (Rosenthal & Burchum, 2017). It is characterized by the development of insulin resistance within target tissues such as the liver and adipose tissue, as well as an impaired or delayed secretion of insulin (Rosenthal & Burchum, 2017). Diagnosis of diabetes can include a combination of different tests including a fasting plasma glucose (FPG) of greater than 126 mg/dL, a random glucose of greater than 200, an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) of greater than 11, and an A1c of greater than 6.5% (Quattrocchi et al., 2020). It is important to note that other conditions can affect the hgb A1c as well, such as sickle cell, anemia, blood transfusions, dialysis and pregnancy (Quattrocchi et al., 2020). Therefore, multiple tests should be performed and possibly repeated before making a definitive diagnosis.
Gestational diabetes is brought on by pregnancy and subsides rapidly after the birth of the child (Rosenthal & Burchum, 2017). It can be difficult to control due to elevated cortisol levels during pregnancy, other placental hormones that can antagonize the actions of insulin, and also due to the ability of glucose to freely get into the blood of the fetus (Rosenthal & Burchum, 2017). For this reason, blood glucose levels often need to be checked six to seven times per day and be correlated properly with meals / amount of carbohydrates to avoid harm to the fetus. Diet and insulin are utilized primarily to treat this type of diabetes (Rosenthal & Burchum, 2017).
Drug Therapy: Metformin
There are many different types of oral medications and different types of insulin that can be used to manage diabetes. Each class of oral medications works differently in the body to help lower blood sugar. A stepwise approach for managing diabetes, especially alongside different comorbidities such as heart disease and CKD should be implemented, as noted by the recommendations by the ADA, which I will link the updated 2023 articles for standards of care for pharm management under the references listed below. For the purpose o.
This document summarizes the results of a study examining the characteristics and risk profiles of 622 patients with type 2 diabetes in Western India. The main findings were:
1) The average age was 47.7 years, most were male, obese, sedentary, and had a family history of diabetes. Glycemic control was poor with only 7.4% having an HbA1C below 7%.
2) Common presenting symptoms were nocturia, polyuria, and polydipsia. Microvascular complications like renal dysfunction and vision impairment were present in 10% and 9% respectively.
3) Risk factors like obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and uncontrolled blood sugar were highly
The effects of_the_mediterranean_diet_on_chronic_dArnon Ngoenyuang
This document summarizes the effects of the Mediterranean diet on chronic diseases. It discusses how the Mediterranean diet, characterized by high consumption of vegetables, fruits, whole grains, nuts, legumes, olive oil and fish, is associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases and obesity. The Mediterranean diet contains beneficial compounds like polyphenols, flavonoids, phytosterols and omega-3 fatty acids that are anti-inflammatory and antioxidant, and have been shown to lower risk of chronic diseases through various mechanisms like reducing oxidative stress and inflammation. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet is associated with significant reductions in mortality, cardiovascular disease incidence and incidence of neurodegenerative diseases.
THE NUTRITION THERAPY IN DIABETIC PATIENTS: A REVIEWPARUL UNIVERSITY
Diabetes Mellitus is one of the leading metabolic disorders in the world with many complications. The
management of Diabetes Mellitus can prevent many chronic diseases like stroke, myocardial infarction, diabetic
nephropathy, neuropathy and obesity. An appropriate dietary changes and lifestyle changes have proven to be
effective in the preventing and management of this disorder.Medical nutrition therapy (MNT) is an essential
component of diabetes management that comprises counseling and recommendations for dietary intake and nutrition
goals by a registered dietician (RD) or a nutrition expert to optimize metabolic control and maximize treatment
outcomes. The designing of the diet according to the nutrional needs of an individual and regular monitoring by a
dietician can provide effective results in the management. The counseling with the patient provides the detailed
information about the diet and the modifications in the diet can be made according to the age, weight, glucose level
and physical activity. The desired goal of the blood pressure, blood glucose, triglycerides can be achieved by
following the diet plan.
Crimson Publishers-Interventions in Obesity and Diabetes: Point of ViewCrimsonPublishersIOD
Modern medicine has failed to reduce cardio metabolic diseases like obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes. These diseases have reached epidemic levels globally and represent a major healthcare burden. Prevention strategies must start early, as excess weight and obesity are major drivers of type 2 diabetes epidemics. Lifestyle interventions have been shown to significantly reduce the risk of developing diabetes and cardiovascular disease by up to 58% and 50% respectively, even in those with genetic risk factors.
Molecular docking studies of abelmoschus esculentus for anti diabetics and a...Jing Zang
Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L) Moench) or bhendi also known as ladies finger is an important vegetable crop in India, and African regions. Abelmoscus esculentus having the medicinal property of anti inflammatory , anti diabetics, anti oxidant activities . In this studies we are going to analysis the anti diabetics and anti inflammatory property of Abelmoscus esculentus by using molecular docking studies. Diabetics is a major cause of death and the number of new cases, as well as the number of individuals living with Diabetics, is expanding continuously. Now a days It is one of the most common diseases in the worldwide .Foot ulceration remains a major health problem for diabetic patients and has a major impact on the cost of diabetes treatment. One major complication of diabetes is foot ulceration, which occurs in as many as 15–25% of type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients over their lifetimes. The phytochemicals of Abelmoscus esculentus are analysed and optimized with the Arguslab to investigate the interactions between the target compounds and the amino acid residues of the Mafa and Mmp9. All the compound have shown binding pose between from – 3.25 to -7.95 and -7.95 into -11.40 out of ten compound . [E,E] Farenesal with Mafa protein and gossypol with Mmp9 protein show best ligand energy -10.55 and -8.88 Kcal/mol with 1 and 1 hydrogen bond of distance is 3.0 and 2.3 respectively .
Consumption of Junk Foods and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A ReviewAI Publications
This document summarizes a review article that explores the relationship between consumption of junk food and type 2 diabetes. It finds that junk food, which is high in calories, salt, and saturated fat and low in nutrients, is directly linked to higher body mass index and insulin resistance. Consuming junk food contributes to a positive energy balance and obesity, which are the primary risk factors for developing type 2 diabetes. Recurrent junk food intake increases the likelihood of type 2 diabetes, especially among youth and women. Adopting a diet high in whole grains, fruits and vegetables and low in processed meats and sugar-sweetened drinks can help reduce the risk.
Herbal therapies for type 2 diabetes mellitusDwie Craph
This document reviews herbal therapies for type 2 diabetes. It discusses several key points:
1) Type 2 diabetes is a growing global health problem, and current drugs have limitations in efficacy and side effects.
2) Herbal medicines represent an important source of potential new antidiabetic treatments, with over 1200 plants claimed to have antidiabetic properties.
3) The review discusses the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and mechanisms of current drug therapies. It then summarizes recent progress in understanding the biological actions and therapeutic potential of herbal compounds that can modulate pathways related to insulin resistance, beta-cell function, GLP-1 levels, and glucose absorption.
This study analyzed the serum electrolyte and lipid profiles of 35 young Bangladeshi females (ages 20-30) with type 2 diabetes, compared to 15 non-diabetic controls. The study found higher levels of sodium, chloride, bicarbonate, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL cholesterol in the diabetic patients compared to controls. Potassium and HDL cholesterol were lower in diabetic patients. These results indicate abnormalities in the electrolyte and lipid profiles of young diabetic females compared to non-diabetic controls, which could serve as diagnostic indicators of diabetes and its progression.
Diabetes is a disease chronic disease which affects global population from long time. This review is an update on unknown complications, causes, treatment modalities of this disease. This article also provides a summary on disease management through various strategies. Suraj Nagwanshi | Smita Aher | Rishikesh Bachhav "Management of Diabetes Mellitus: A Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46348.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/other/46348/management-of-diabetes-mellitus-a-review/suraj-nagwanshi
Diabetes is a rapidly and serious health problem in Pakistan. This chronic condition is associated with serious long-term complications, including higher risk of heart disease and stroke. Aggressive treatment of hypertension and hyperlipideamia can result in a substantial reduction in cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes 1. Consequently pharmacist-led diabetes cardiovascular risk (DCVR) clinics have been established in both primary and secondary care sites in NHS Lothian during the past five years. An audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery at the clinics was conducted in order to evaluate practice and to standardize the pharmacists’ documentation of outcomes. Pharmaceutical care issues (PCI) and patient details were collected both prospectively and retrospectively from three DCVR clinics. The PCI`s were categorized according to a triangularised system consisting of multiple categories. These were ‘checks’, ‘changes’ (‘change in drug therapy process’ and ‘change in drug therapy’), ‘drug therapy problems’ and ‘quality assurance descriptors’ (‘timer perspective’ and ‘degree of change’). A verified medication assessment tool (MAT) for patients with chronic cardiovascular disease was applied to the patients from one of the clinics. The tool was used to quantify PCI`s and pharmacist actions that were centered on implementing or enforcing clinical guideline standards. A database was developed to be used as an assessment tool and to standardize the documentation of achievement of outcomes. Feedback on the audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery and the database was received from the DCVR clinic pharmacist at a focus group meeting.
Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes Mallitus A Focus on Physical Activity and Lifes...YogeshIJTSRD
Diabetes is a costly disease affecting 387 million individuals globally and 28 million in the United States. Its precursor, prediabetes, Exercise is important to help prevent type 2 diabetes and has so many other benefits. It can help you keep lost weight off, and improve your heart health, and if you’re insulin resistant, it can help increase your bodys response to insulin exercise so you will have better blood glucose control. Drinking water throughout the day is always good to keep your organs and skin healthy. Of course, getting some fluid before, during and after exercise is just as important to avoid becoming dehydrated. Laxmi Kumari Yadav "Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes Mallitus: A Focus on Physical Activity and Lifestyle Changes" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd43839.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/zoology/43839/prevention-of-type-2-diabetes-mallitus-a-focus-on-physical-activity-and-lifestyle-changes/laxmi-kumari-yadav
This document summarizes research on the potential neuroprotective effects of black tea compounds in early-onset Alzheimer's disease. It discusses how black tea contains theaflavins, catechins, L-theanine, and caffeine that may have antioxidant, neuroprotective and neurostimulatory effects. Specifically, L-theanine's ability to cross the blood-brain barrier along with theaflavins' free radical scavenging could provide multimodal therapeutic benefits. The document also reviews the etiology of Alzheimer's and how adjuvant therapies like nutraceuticals may help treat Alzheimer's symptoms and slow cognitive decline when used alongside conventional drugs.
Nano Robots for Continuous Blood Glucose Diagnosisijtsrd
Diabetes has established itself among the deadliest diseases of the century. Many Leading Fatal diseases are majorly caused or supported by this metabolic disorder. Diabetes has become very common over the years, showing a rapid increase in the number of cases. The increasing trends clearly show that there is a demand to come up with some new efficient methods to support its treatment procedures. Tedious and painful methods for its monitoring on a daily basis has to be carried out by people suffering from it which involves pricking their fingers many times a day, increasing the possibilities of infections and side effects. Nanorobotics can give a potential alternative for its diagnosis which ensures better levels of safety standards as compared to current available methods. In this review, we will present a concept for continuous measuring of blood glucose levels with nano bots which will stay in the bloodstream and report results to an external system which can be further analysed. The bots will have a structure of a multiwall carbon nanotube. Researchers have been actively working on the development of this field and hence this novel idea will be actively used within the public when it passes its first human trial. The run to construct such nano structures is on and with advancements with each passing day they are expected to hit the markets for public use after the estimated time of 5 years. Puru Malhotra | Nimesh Shahdadpuri "Nano Robots for Continuous Blood Glucose Diagnosis" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6 , October 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29262.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/nano-technology-/29262/nano-robots-for-continuous-blood-glucose-diagnosis/puru-malhotra
Nutritional assessment status of adult patients with multiple sclerosis: A na...Innspub Net
No previous research has assessed the nongenetic factors, especially the nutrition status of MS patients in Arab countries. Hence, this study aims to assess the nutritional status of MS patients among Arab adults. This study is a nationally representative cross-sectional study using a structured, online self-administered, validated quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) from 13 Arab countries. All data analyses were performed using STATA 16.0 and R for statistical computing version 4.0.4. A total of 813 participants were surveyed, most of the MS participants were female (68.4%), married (58.5%), non-smoker (72.6%) and 53.3% were diagnosed with MS for up to five years. MS participants did not consume the DRI of both the macro and the micronutrients including the energy requirements, except the dietary intake of the sodium which was insignificantly different from the DRI. Results also showed that most participants rarely consumed the main food items including bread, cereals, and most types of meat. While, more than 50% of the participants consumed fruit, vegetables, all types of chicken, fish, fresh soup, rice, and egg up to 3 times per month. On the other hand, milk and milkshake were consumed rarely; while, tea and herbal teas were the most common beverages. Nutrient deficiencies are very common among MS Arab patients. The finding of this study can establish a base for the development of a nutritional program for MS patients in accordance with the recommended DRI.
Effects of Diabetes Mellitus in Prediction of Its Management in Kakamega Countypaperpublications3
Abstract: This descriptive study aimed at studying whether the effects of diabetes mellitus can predict its management in Kakamega County and Kenya. 327 respondents took part in the survey, with 135 (41.3%) being females and 192 (58.7%) being males. Most of the respondents, 190 (62.5%) had acquired primary education, 23 (7.6%) of the respondents had attained post-secondary education. 91(29.9%) of the respondents had attained secondary education. Most of the respondents did know the side effects of diabetes mellitus 204 (67.1%). Those who said loose of body weight 91 (29.9%) as side effects of diabetes were many as compared to those who identified non-healing wounds 9 (3%). Most of the respondents indicated that they did exercise as part of utilization of glucose in the blood stream. Although bicycling was done as an exercise but those who did were 13 (4.3%) as those who did not were 291 (95.7%). A balanced diet results in control of blood pressure and dyslipidemia which was a good riddance in the study area. Both the national government and the county government of Kenya and Kakamega respectively should strengthen health systems through innovative health care and promotion on effects of diabetes mellitus so that the burden of diabetes mellitus is reduced on both the health care services and the community in Kakamega and Kenya.
In Pakistan, the overall prevalence of dyslipidemia in adolescents aged 10–18 years is 21.7~25.2%; prevalence is reported to be two times higher (53.1~56.1%) in obese adolescents. However, few studies have been conducted on the relationship between height and blood lipid concentrations in children and adolescents The recent emphasis on treatment of the dyslipidemia of the metabolic syndrome (hypertriglyceridemia, reduced high-density lipoprotein, and increased small, dense low-density lipoprotein particle number) has compelled practitioners to consider lipid-lowering therapy in a greater number of their patients, as one in two individuals over age 50 has the metabolic syndrome. Individuals with the metabolic syndrome typically have normal low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and current lipid-lowering guidelines may underestimate their cardiovascular risk. Two subgroups of patients with the metabolic syndrome are at particularly high risk for premature CAD. One, individuals with type 2 diabetes, accounts for 20-30% of early cardiovascular disease. The second, familial combined hyperlipidemia, accounts for an additional 10-20% of premature CAD. Familial combined hyperlipidemia is characterized by the metabolic syndrome in addition to a disproportionate elevation of apolipoprotein B levels. The measurement of fasting glucose and apolipoprotein B, in addition to the fasting lipid profile, can help to estimate CAD risk in patients with the metabolic syndrome. In this research we compared allopathic medication and medicinal herb in treating hyperlipidemia.
Diabetes mellitus type 2: One monster eating allApollo Hospitals
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has become one of the most prevalent non-communicable diseases worldwide. If left uncontrolled, T2DM can damage almost every organ system in the body and lead to numerous serious complications. The main complications discussed in the document are cardiovascular disease, diabetic retinopathy (damage to the retina), diabetic nephropathy (kidney damage), pulmonary dysfunction, diabetic neuropathy, and hepatic dysfunction. Uncontrolled hyperglycemia increases the risks of all these complications through mechanisms like increased advanced glycation end products, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Studies have shown T2DM poses a major threat in India as well, with Indians at high risk of related cardiovascular and metabolic issues.
Similar to Bioinformatic Analysis of Selected Natural Compounds for Antidiabetic Potential (20)
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India Challenges and Prospectsijtsrd
Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in...ijtsrd
Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion ...ijtsrd
The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
Online Voices, Offline Impact Ambedkars Ideals and Socio Political Inclusion ...ijtsrd
This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship A Studyijtsrd
Noting calls for contextualizing Agro entrepreneurs problems and challenges of the agro entrepreneurs and for greater attention to the Role of entrepreneurs in agro entrepreneurship research, we conduct a systematic literature review of extent research in agriculture entrepreneurship to overcome the study objectives of complications of agro entrepreneurs through various factors, Development of agriculture products is a key factor for the overall economic growth of agro entrepreneurs Agro Entrepreneurs produces firsthand large scale employment, utilizes the labor and natural resources, This research outlines the problems of Weather and Soil Erosions, Market price fluctuation, stimulates labor cost problems, reduces concentration of Price volatility, Dependency on Intermediaries, induces Limited Bargaining Power, and Storage and Transportation Costs. This paper mainly devoted to highlight Problems and challenges faced for the sustainable of Agro Entrepreneurs in India. Vinay Prasad B "Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship - A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64540/problems-and-challenges-of-agro-entreprenurship--a-study/vinay-prasad-b
Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies o...ijtsrd
Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Right...ijtsrd
This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
Physiology and chemistry of skin and pigmentation, hairs, scalp, lips and nail, Cleansing cream, Lotions, Face powders, Face packs, Lipsticks, Bath products, soaps and baby product,
Preparation and standardization of the following : Tonic, Bleaches, Dentifrices and Mouth washes & Tooth Pastes, Cosmetics for Nails.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
2. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD42419 | Volume – 5 | Issue – 4 | May-June 2021 Page 804
Nathan et al., 2006]. Those patients who suffer from type 1
DM need to control the amount of glucose in their blood and
they are prone to ketoacidosis. Mostly the T1DM takes place
in adolescents and children [Folorunso et al.,2013]. On the
other hand, T2DM is also called non-insulin-dependent
diabetes, and its results depend on the body’s ineffectiveuse
of insulin and hyperglycemia [Spellman and Chavez et al.,
2010]. Around the world so many people are diabetic.
Impaired of the body to insulin is based on reducing the
quality of target tissue with the circulating level of insulin is
normal [Chavez etal., 2010].
Ethnicity, family history of diabetes, and smoking increase
diabetes risk, older age, unhealthy diet, overweight and
obesity, physicalinactivity,andprevious gestationaldiabetes
[Oguntibeju et al., 2013]. In their project the WHO ask the
seventh leading cause of death in 2030 due to diabetes [
Kakkar et al., 2016]. The number of patients with diabetes
older than 64 years the number will be as compared to that
in developed countries (≥48million) are greater in
developing countries(≥82). Theprojectincreases andoccurs
in the Middle East crescent, sub- Saharan Africa, and India
[Narayan and Williams etal., 2006].
TARGETING TYPE 2 DIABETES
Both T1DM and T2DM are the most serious type of chronic
conditions that typically cannot becured.However,all forms
of diabetes have been treatable due to the development of
readily available insulin since 1921. The enhancement of
insulin secretion by pancreatic islet βcells is a treatment of
T2DM. Antidiabetic drugs or hypoglycemic agent
medications work based on lower blood glucose
concentrations (i.e., the amount of sugar in theblood).There
are different classes of antidiabetic drugs, which depend on
the natural selection of diabetes and their age and situation
of the person, as well as other factors. Antidiabetic drugs
show useful effects through (Soumyaetal.,2011) decreasing
glucose absorption in the intestines (Murea and Freedman
etal., 2012) increasing insulin levels in the body, or
(Arumugam and Manjula et al., 2013) increasing the body's
sensitivity (or decreasing its resistance) to insulin [Chen et
al., 2007].
The treatments are considered to be unsatisfactory because
of the prevention of complications and preservation of
quality of life. The α-glucosidaseinhibitors,likeacarbose and
miglitol, while effective at decreasing the absorption of
glucose due to interfering with the action of α-glucosidases
which is present in the small intestinal brush border. It is
associated with abdominal bloating,diarrhea,andflatulence.
Conventional insulin secretagogues, such as sulfonylureas
and the class of meglitinides, both showed their result in the
induction of hypoglycemia. Metformin is the first-line drug
treatment of T2DM, which is particularly in overweight and
obese patients and those with normal kidney function
[Burns et al., 2007]. Agonists of the peroxisomeproliferator-
activated nuclear receptor (PPAR), thiazolidinediones, are
capable of reducing insulin resistance and safety concerns.
The use of rosiglitazone has been severely restricted in the
US, which has been completely suspended in Europe due to
concerns about its cardiovascular safety [Mohr et al., 2010].
ROLE OF ANTIDIABETIC DRUGS IN DIABETES
Antidiabetic drugs are all pharmacological agents except
insulin which has been approved for hyperglycemia
treatment in type two diabetes mellitus (DM). These drugs
are classified according to their fundamental mechanism of
action as insulinotropic or non-insulinotropic. Oral
hypoglycemic drugs have differenttypes ofclasses thatexert
antidiabetic effects by different mechanisms, like as
biguanides, thiazolidinediones, non-sulfonylureas
secretagogues, sulfonylureas, and α-glucosidase inhibitors.
To reduce the level of sugar in the blood of oral
sulfonylureas, namely glimepiride and glyburide, mainly by
elevating insulin release from islets of Langerhans
[DeFronzo and Inzucchi et al., 1999]. Traditionally, Gynura
species are widely studied for their anti-diabetic properties,
specifically, Gynura procumbens [Atangwho et al., 2013].
Instant, due to lowering blood glucose levels they possess
other beneficial physiochemical properties such as
antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, chemo preventative
actions, and antiulcerogenic [Lee and Li et al., 2015].
However, studies on G. bicolor are not as extensive as
procumbens, but it is reported to have high
antihyperglycemic properties because of the presence of
flavonoid compounds such as caffeoylquinic acid and caffeic
acid groups [Abdul and Zhou et al., 2016]. Plant natural
products, diabetes mellitus, mechanistic studies, insulin, ,
therapeutic targets, chemical scaffolds, artemisinin,
lovastatin, semi-synthetic derivatives, natural products,
drug-like properties ,glucose absorption, lipid metabolism,
Anti-Diabetic, inhibitor acarbose, glargine, a-glucosidase,
herbal medicines, biguanides, b-cell proliferation, drug-like
diversity, in-silico drug discovery, autoimmune disease,
Glibenclamide, Mitiglinide, Orlistat, Rosiglitazone,
Aleglitazar, Miglitol, Nateglinide, Repaglinide, Tolbutamide,
Berberine, Ginsenoside Rg3 ,cardiovascular diseases,
hyperglycaemia, peroxisome proliferator-activatedreceptor
(PPAR), , CH10 from Momordicacharantia, Isoflavin C,
Isotanshinone, Psoraldin, Sanggenon C, GSK3, Salacia
reticulata, a-glucosidase inhibitor Acarbose ,insulin action,
voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channels, b-cells, insulin-releasing
properties, MIN6 cells, AMP kinase, Acarbose , Nymphayol,
Oleanolic acid, Resveratrol, Sulphostin, GLP1-like, plasma
enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV), Abyssinone-VI-4-
O-methyl ether, Apigenin fucopyranoside, Bakuchiol ,Piper
longum.
MEDICINAL PLANTS SOURCE USED IN ANTIDIABETIC
AGENTS
The plant extract is a natural product that is not causing
harm for patients and plants play a vital role in the
development of the drug in upcoming years. [Morais and
Setzer et al., 2018]. So many plants are providing those
sources of bioactive chemicals, which are not causing side
effects and the plants have so many powerful
pharmacological actions [Roberts etal.,2018].Forcenturies,
many types of plants are consideredas a fundamental source
of potent antidiabetic drugs [Arumugam and Manjula et al.,
2013]. Nowadays, to treat the disease diabetes using those
medicine which is made by plants those possess antidiabetic
activities and contain various phytoconstituents. Such
phytoconstituents are flavonoids, glycosides, terpenoids,
saponins, alkaloids, and carotenoids [Roberts et al., 2018].
Also study marked by Durazzo et al. [Camilli et al., 2018],
that shows the combined action of different biologically
active compounds (i.e., polyphenols, lignans, glucosinolates,
carotenoids, coumarins, etc.) which leads to the potential
beneficial properties for Antidiabetic drugs.
Generally, certain types of approaches are study [Durazzoet
al., 2017] due to interactions of phytochemicals can be
classified: (i) study the model system development of
3. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD42419 | Volume – 5 | Issue – 4 | May-June 2021 Page 805
interactions [Heo et al., 2007 and tabard etal., 2009]; (ii)
characterization of biologically active compound-rich
extracts [Rugina et al., 2015] or (iii) study of extractable and
non-extractable compounds [Calixto et al., 2012]. The
medicinal plants provide benefits in the hypoglycemic
properties for the management of diabetics. It describes
medicinal plants (i.e., coffee, nettle, banana, sage, soybean,
bitter melon, aloe, cinnamon, fenugreek, guava, cocoa, green
and black tea walnut, turmeric, and yerba mate) used in the
treatment of diabetes and natural product of plant have the
mechanism to treat diabetes as antidiabetic agents, a
compound which used to treat have a high interest such as
phlorizin, fukugetin, trigonelline, honokiol, amorfrutins,
gymnemic acids, berberine and palmatine[Rios etal.,2012].
ANTIDIABETIC SUBSTANCESFROMMEDICINAL PLANTS
So many plants are used in the treatment of diabetes, only
those plant species are being used which havehypoglycemic
activity and also contain bioactive compounds. Compounds
having antidiabetic potential are terpenoids, flavonoids,
alkaloids, and glycosides. Some plants which are used in the
treatment are given below:
ACACIA ARABICA (FABACEAE)
Acaciaarabicais also known as Babool. It is used in the
treatment of diabetes. Babool has the mechanism to treat
this disease. It is used in traditional medicineinIndia totreat
diabetes Mellitus. From Acacia Arabica two doses of
chloroform extracts were evaluated in alloxan-induced
diabetic albino rats [Patil et al., 2011]. In the test of
chloroform extract of Acaciaarabica twotypes ofdoses were
tested which are showed their antidiabetic effect. It
decreases the level of serum glucose and restoring TC, TG,
the level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density
lipoprotein (LDL). In the experiment scientist studied that it
plays a vital role, extract of Acacia arabica and
streptozotocin-induce diabetic rats play a vital role in the
decrease in serum glucose, TG, LDL, TC level and play a vital
role in increase the level of coenzyme Q10 in a dose-
dependent manner and HDL and decrease the level of
malondialdehyde (MDA) [Hegazy et al., 2013].
ACHYRANTHES RUBROFUSCA (AMARANTHACEAE)
Achyranthes rubrofusca which belongs to the family of
Amaranthaceae is also known as ‘Kadaladi’.Theleaves of the
Achyranthes rubrofusca are used to make traditional
medicine. The aqueous and ethanolic leaves extract of
Achyranthes rubrofusca are studied to show their
hypoglycemic activity in alloxan-induced diabetic rats
[Geetha and Sankar et al., 2011]. Decrease the level of blood
glucose by these two extracts (200mg/kg, p.o. for 28 days),
and this extract is increased their pancreatic enzyme, also
decrease the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase,
and glutathione.
ALBIZZIA LEBBECK (FABACEAE)
Albizzia lebbeck is from the family of leguminous it is
commonly known as Shirisha. In the treatment of diabetes,
methanol/dichloromethane extract of Albizzia lebbeck is
used. In the evaluation of streptozotocin-induced diabetic
rats evaluate stem bark (400mg/k, for 30 days) from the
Albizzialebbeck [ Ahmed et al., 2014].Whendiabetic patients
are treated by the Albizzia lebbeck decrease their glycated
hemoglobin and increase the level of plasma insulin. It also
decreases the level of LDL, VLDL, TC, and TG. It can observe
based on the increase in CAT, glutathione, and SOD and
kidney decrease the level of lipid peroxidation and liver of
streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The histopathological
analysis of this treatment is showed that it protects the
organs in diabetic rats such as the liver, kidney, pancreas,
and heart and reduces the lesions in a dose-dependent
manner [Parikh and Gandhi et al., 2015].
ALOE VERA (ASPHODELACEAE)
Aloe vera belongs to the family of Asphodelaceae. Aloevera
helps in reducing the sugar level and goes down at the
normal state. For treatment of diabetes, Aloe vera extract
examines in mouse embryonic NIH/3T3 cells and
streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. In observation, we
observe that for four weeks the extract at a dosage of
130mg/kg per day will significantlyreducethelevelofblood
glucose, an effect of metformin, TG, TC, and LDL. Aloe Vera
stimulates the secretion of insulin and it also lows sugar
levels at a normal state. I was observed that up-regulated
GLUT-4 mRNA synthesis in NIH/3T3 cells in the study of the
lyophilized aqueous extract of Aloe Vera. To show the
antidiabetic effects of Aloe vera extract for use in the
treatment of diabetes do various studies[Gunasekaran and
Noor et al., 2017].
AMARANTHUS TRICOLOR (AMARANTHACEAE)
Amaranthus tricolor is also known as Tambdi bhaji or all
saag and the family is Amaranthaceae. One hour before the
oral tolerance test of methanolic extract of Amaranthus
tricolor administrate different types of doses. All types of
doses are loaded in mice to show antihyperglycemicactivity.
In the observation of this dosage test, we observe the
maximum effect in decreasing glucose level by the dosage.
ANACARDIUM OCCIDENTALE (ANACARDIACEAE)
Anacardiumoccidentale(Anacardiaceae)is commonlyknown
as Cashew. Reduce the blood glucose level plays a vital role.
Extract load in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat and
observe hypoglycemic activity [Sokeng et al., 1998]. Before
injecting the streptozotocin injectiontheaqueous extracts in
rats were treated twice daily or 2 days of beginning. The
blood glucose level significantly low by pretreatment,
compared to this the blood glucose level control in the
diabetic rat after 3 days. The experiment was ended after 30
days and faster the lowering rate of blood glucose.Theblood
glucose levels of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
decrease because of treatment to prevention of body weight
loss, polydipsia, and polyphagia [Vaidya et al., 2017].
AZADIRACHTA INDICA (MELIACEAE)
Azadirachta indica is commonly known as NEEM and from
the family of Meliaceae. A dose (200 mg/kg) of an ethanol
extract from the leaves ofAzadirachtaindica(Neem)causesa
hypoglycemic effect 72 h after administration with a
persistence of up to 24h.
BARLERIA PRIONITIS (ACANTHACEAE)
Barleria prionitis(Acanthaceae) called Sahachara in
Ayurveda. In alloxan-induced diabetic rats tested the
antidiabetic activity of alcoholicextractsofrootandleaves of
Barleriaprionitis [Dheer et al., 2010]. The extract of Barleria
priorities were reduce the level of blood glucose and
glycosylated hemoglobin and increase the levels of liver
glycogen and serum insulin but the antidiabetic activity of
Barleria are non-significant.
BAUHINIA THONINGII (FABACEAE)
Bauhinia thoningii is commonly known as camel’s foot tree,
monkey biscuit tree, etc. The antidiabetic effects of aqueous
leaf extract are from Bauhinia thoningii were studied in
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alloxan-induced diabetic rats [Ojezele et al., 2011]. The dose
(500 mg/kg) of extract for seven days in rats shows the
result of the reduction in blood glucose, coronary risk index,
and LDL.
CASEARIA ESCULENTA (FLACOUTIACEAE)
Casearia esculenta is commonly known as Saptrangi and
from the family of Flacourtiaceae.Roots ofCaseariaesculenta
are used for the treatment of diabetes. The dose (200 and
300 mg/kg, p.o.) of the extract from the Cesaria esculenta
were restored the glucose level, urea, uric acid, albumin,and
creatine level and also restored the level of the activities of
diagnostic marker enzymes AST, ALT, γ-
glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) and alkaline phosphatase
(ALP) [Prakasam et al., 2004].
CATHARANTHUS ROSEUS (APOCYNACEAE)
Catharanthus roeusis commonly known as Periwinkle, it
belongs to the family of Apocynaceae. The blood glucose
levels of hepatic enzyme activities of glycogen are reduced
by dichloromethane-methanol extract of the leaves of
Canthranthus roeus and also reduce the level of glucose 6-
phosphate-dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, and
succinate dehydrogenase [Shyam etal.,2001].Fortransport,
the glucose in liver ethanolic extracts of Catharanthus
roeus(100 and 200 mg/kg) are used for 4 weeks [Al-Shaqha
et al., 2015].
EUCALYPTUS CITRIODORA (MYRTACEAE)
Eucalyptus citriodora is commonly known as lemon-scented
gum. Its family is Myrtaceae. Leaves of the Eucalyptus are
used in the treatment of diabetes, it helps to reduce the level
of blood glucose.
Eucalyptus citriodora leaf in are extract due to alloxan-
induced diabetic rats (250 and 500 mg/kg, p.o. for 21 days)
[Arjun et al., 2009].
GYMNEMA SYLVESTRE(APOCYNACEAE)
Gymnema sylvestre commonlyknownas Australiancowplant
, belongs to the family of Apocynaceae. By the in vitro and in
vivo technique determined theethanolicextract(100mg/kg,
p.o. for 4 weeks) of Gymnemasylvestre . Observation showed
that an improvement in diabetic rat and antihyperglycemic
activity.
HELICTERES ISORA (STERCULIACEAE)
Helicteres isora is commonly known as the Indian screwtree
and belongs to the family of Sterculiaceae. In investigation
investigate the aqueous ethanol and butanol extracts of
Helicteres isora roots (250mg/kg, p.o. for 10 days ) due to in
alloxan-induced diabetic rats [Venkatesh andMadhavaet al.,
2010]. This process also restored the size in normal of the
pancreatic islets, liver, and kidney glomeruli.
TRIGONELLA FOENUM-GRAECUM (FABACEAE)
The common name of Trigonella foenum-graecum is
Fenugreek and it belongs to the family of Fabaceae. In the
observation of this treatment by ethanol extracts of
Trigonellafoenum seeds are alloxan-induced in diabetic rats
gives different doses (0.1, 0.5, 1, and 2g/kg) are showing the
antidiabetic effects [Ahmed et al., 2009]. The seeds of the
Trigonella foenum-graecum were attenuated markers of
inflammation and it improves the oxidative stress of
endocrine function in alloxan –induced diabetic rats.
VERNONIA AMYGDALINA (ASTERACEAE)
Vernonia amygdalina is a member of the daisy family. It is a
small shrub that grows in tropical Africa. Its common name
in English is Bitter Leaf due to its bitter taste. There are
differentcombinations ofmetformin(50mg/kg)antidiabetic
activity and aqueous extracts of Vernonia amygdalina leaves
(100 mg/kg) in normoglycemic andalloxan-induceddiabetic
rats [Michael etal., 2010]. They caused more reduction in
glycemia which showed that the combinations ofextractand
metformin. Cold concoctions of this plantarealsoused inthe
treatment of malaria, intestinal parasites, diarrhea, and
stomach upset.
WITHERINGIA SOLANACEA (SOLANACEAE)
Witheringia solanacea is a genus of flowering plants in the
family of solanaceae, with a neotropical distribution. It is
closely related to Physalis. Normal rats were treated from
leaves of Witheringiasolanaceae at 250, 500, and 1000
mg/kg doses, and have two doses significantly which
decreased blood glucose levels after 1h of a GTT [Herrera et
al., 2011]. At 4h and 5h of treatment, it is observed that
blood glucose levels in alloxan-induced hyperglycemic rats
get reduced.
ZIZYPHUS MAURITIANA (RHAMNACEAE)
Ziziphus mauritaniawhich is also known as Indian jujube,
Indian plum Chinese date is a tropical fruit tree species
belonging to the familyRhamnaceae.Petroleumetherandits
aqueous extracts (200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o. for seven days)
are significantly restored elevated biochemical parameters
such as glucose, urea, creatinine, TC, TG, HDL, LDL,
hemoglobin, andglycosylated hemoglobin[Joshi et al.,2009].
PHYTOCHEMICALS WITH ANTIDIABETIC POTENTIAL
The new natural antidiabetic to minimal efficacy and safety
concerns current antidiabetic drugs for the hundreds of
millions of individuals. This is an investigation of
phytochemicals that are responsible for antidiabetic effects
has been for the last few decades [Manchan et al., 2016].The
single-component of plant extracts has to attribute their
mixture of phytochemicals due to the antidiabetic effect of
plant materials. The different types of phytochemicals
include flavonoids, saponins, phenolic acids, alkaloids,
tannin, stillness, and polysaccharides. The phytochemicals
have a beneficial effect based on their metabolisms such as
regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism,insulinsecretion,
stimulating β cells, NF-kB signaling pathway which
inhibition of gluconeogenic enzymes, and reactive oxygen
species (ROS) protective action [Manchan et al., 2016].
ALKALOIDS
The followingalkaloids-lupanineneferin,boldine,berberine,
oxymatrine, piperine, and sanguinarine- are used for their
antidiabetic activity [Christodoulou et al., 2019]. The
antidiabetic impact of certain alkaloids, with special
reference of molecular targets throughout the insulin-
signaling pathway: the effects of berberine, trigonelline,
piperine, vindoneline, evodiamine, oxymatrine and nefrine
on insulin-signaling and related cascades in β cells,
myocytes, adipocytes, hepatocytes and other cells; are
supported with in vitro and in vivo evidence. Berberineis an
isoquinoline alkaloid that is isolatedfrom medicinal plants of
Berberis (Berberidaceae) and has antihyperglycaemic
activity due to decreasing absorption of glucose [Huang and
Zhao et al., 2003]. It is to inhibit α-glucosidase and to
decrease glucose transportthroughtheintestinalepithelium
[Mohan et al., 2014]. The management of T2DM and
cardiovascular disease has the potential due to antioxidant,
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anti-inflammatory, glucose-lowering, lipid-lowering
properties [Cicero et al., 2016].
FLAVONOIDS
Flavonoids represent a big class of plant secondary
metabolites and are shown in a high range of vegetables,
herbs, and fruits. The presence of aromatic rings and
hydroxyl groups in the flavonoid structure and it can play as
natural antioxidants. In antidiabetic diets, flavonoids-
containing products are used. So many flavonoids are
namely chrysin, diosmin, catechins, kaempferol, luteolin,
naringenin, quercetin, rutin, morin, silymarin, etc. In the
current work of the two scientists Dens Hartogh and Tsiani,
[Den et al., 2019] so, in the study of antidiabetic effects of
naringenin in in vitro and in vivo. A wide variety of plants is
present in fisetin. It decreases the level of blood glucose and
increases the levels of glyoxalase 1 [Mackenzie and Prasath
et al., 2014].
TRITERPENOIDS
Some plants are Panax ginseng, Panax quinquefolium,
Astragalusmembranaceus, Momordicacharantia, Ganoderma
lucidum and plants there present tetracyclic tripenoids
[Hamid et al., 2015]. The multiple biological activities on
glucose absorption; diabetic vascular dysfunction;glucose
uptake; insulin secretion and retinopathy and nephropathy
of oleanolic acid, glycyrrhizin, ursolic acid, lupeol, and
glycyrrhetinic acid [Han et al., 2016 and Kim et al., 2013].
DITERPENOIDS
Triptolide is a diterpenoid that has three epoxide groups, it
is isolated from Tripterygium wilfordii. Triptolide can
decrease the levels of protein kinase B and phosphorylated
inhibitor of kappaB and increased caspases 3, 8, and 9. The
treatment of Triptolide is accompanied by alleviated
glomerular hypertrophy and podocyte injury [Huang et al.,
2013 and Gao et al., 2010].
POLYSACCHARIDES
The tubers of Amorphophalluskonjac and seed of Cyamopsis
tetragonolobus isolated from Galactomannanpolysaccharide.
The rate of glucose absorption helps to decrease
postprandial hyperglycemia. Helianthus tuberosus tuber
contains 75 to 80% insulin in carbohydrates. The
development of natural intestinal microflora after
dysbacteriosis and which act as in the modulation of blood
metabolism and liver enzymes [Jenkinsand and Zhang et al.,
2011].
MISCELLANEOUS
It the improves health and survival of mice on a high-calorie
diet due to resveratrol [1007]. The plasma membrane in L6
myocytes and suppresses blood glucose levels in T2DM
model db/db mice is a derivativeofpromotes glucoseuptake
through glucose transporter into4 translocations.Butein is a
natural phenolic chalcone, isolated from many plantspecies,
including Toxicodendron vernicifluum, Dalbergia odorifera,
Semecarpus anacardium, Cyclopia subternata and creopsis
tungtoria. Butein inhibits central NF-kB signaling and
improves glucose homeostasis [Minakawa et al., 2012 and
Benzler et al., 2015].
COMPUTER-AIDED DRUG DESING METHODS IN THE
DISCOVERY OF ANTIDIABETIC DRUGS
The great significance is the discovery to optimization the
methodologies of computer-aided drug design [CADD] in
recent years (Lim et al., 2009). The process of
pharmaceuticals to accelerate their approaches using CADD.
They have to minimize the synthetic & biological testing
efforts. Due to CADD scientists, it is determined in 3D
structures of the target proteins due to the availability of
experimentally CADD approaches [Zhang et al., 2011 and
Ivanov et al., 2003]. They have two types of drug design:
structure-based drug design& ligand-baseddrugdesign. The
unknown structures ofprotein–ligand-baseddrugdesign are
significantly quantitative structure-activity relationship
(QSAR) & pharmacophore analysis. The known structure–
based approaches can be used in molecular docking, which
employs the structures of the targets to design the novel
active compounds [Liu et al., 2011].
ADMET PROPERTIES
To apply a pharmacological effect in tissue, the blood-brain
barrier, and the microcirculatory barrier,a compoundhas to
penetrate various physiological barriers, such as the
gastrointestinal barrier, to reach the blood circulation. The
compound once in circulationis subsequently transported to
its effector site for distribution into tissues and organs,
degraded by specialized enzymes, and finally removed from
the body via excretion. Such as, the distribution, absorption,
excretion, metabolism, and toxicity (ADMET) properties ofa
compound directly affects its usefulness and safety [Song
and Carter et al., 2009]. The pharmaceutical companies are
trying to move ADMET evaluations into the early stages of
drug discovery [Lagorce et al., 2009].
VIRTUAL SCREENING
Virtual screening (VS) is a computational method for
identifying lead compounds from large and chemically
various compound libraries. It is the computational method
valuable for discovering lead, compounds in a faster, more
cost-efficient, and less resource-intensivemannercompared
with experimental methods, such as that high-throughput
screening. How to be it, the generic definition of VS was
significantly wider and may encompass many different
methods. VS techniques are divided into ligand-based and
structure-based approaches. Scoring themethodareassigns
good scores to interesting molecules and worse scores to
uninteresting (inactive) molecules. A successful virtual
screen will provide the set of compounds for experimental
screening that was highly enriched in active molecules.
[Sousa etal., 2010].
The success of a particular tool VS several approaches to
quantifying. Representtheenrichmentfactoroneofthe most
prominent performance descriptions in VS defined theES as
(TP/n) / (A/N); where TP is the number of hits found at x %
of the database, the number of compounds is n screened at x
% of the database, A is the number of actives in the entire
database, and N is the number of compounds in the entire
database [Bayly etal., 2007 and Kirchmair et al., 2008].
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LIGAND-BASED APPROACHES
Drug design based on Ligand (or indirect drug design) relies
on knowledge of the other molecules that bind to the
biological target of interest. The general ligand-based VS
methods are pharmacophoremodeling,accordinglyanalysis,
and QSARs.
LIGAND-BASED PHARMACOPHORE MODELING
A pharmacophore describes the 3D arrangement of steric
and electronic features that are necessary to triggerorblock
a biological response,accordingtothedefinitionofWermuth
et al [Lindberg etal., 1998]. Ligand-based pharmacophore
model generation depends on the information regardingthe
known biological activity withoutanystructuralinformation
for the macromolecular target.Whereall compounds sharea
chemical functionality there are few pharmacophoric
features is placed. In scaffold hopping, the computational
models that constitute the pharmacophores have shown
unique potential [Lewis et al., 2010]. A diversity of
pharmacophore modeling approaches has been developed,
such as catalyst/discovery studio, phase [Dixon et al., 2006],
MOE, and ligand Scout [Wolber et al., 2005].
SIMILARITY ANALYSIS
To compare a biological active inquiry molecule with a
database molecule between the electrostatic /similarity
analysis and fingerprint similarity analysis. 2D fingerprints
are portion strings that encode the presence or absence of
chemical substructures [Gillet et al., 2003]. With the
fingerprint of a database molecule, the fingerprint of query
molecules is compared for the similarity search. Approved
2D fingerprint algorithms include MDL’s Molecular ACCess
System (MACCS), Daylight fingerprints and Molprint2D,
Scitegic’s Extended Connectivity Fingerprints (ECFps)
[Willett et al., 2006].
The most favorable algorithms for3Dshape-basedsimilarity
searches is Open eye ROCS. Database molecules aligned
through ROCS are re-scored by the EON algorithm between
the query and database molecules which determines the
electrostatic similarity [Sherman et al., 2010].
QUANTITATIVE STRUCTURE-ACTIVITYRELATIONSHIPS
The mathematical relationships between the structural
attributes and the target properties of a set of chemicals
QSAR describe. ADMET properties of database molecules
with close chemical structures or QSARs are applied to
predict the biological activities [Perkins and Fang et al.,
2003]. The multitude different of 1D, 2D, 3D, and
multidimensional QSAR approaches has been progressing
during the past several decades [Khedkar et al., 2010]. QSAR
models are regularly created using a training set of different
ligands, and the models are afterward tested against thetest
set of ligands Fischer and Lill et al., 2007].
STRUCTURE-BASED APPROACH
The 3D structure of pharmacological target protein is based
on structure-based VS techniques that can be applied for a
drug design. The ligand-based VS are moreshownexpensive
due to structure-based methods [Waszkowycz et al., 2008].
This is a unique type of protein-ligand interaction which
leads to optimization of the valuable tools.
HOMOLOGY MODELLING
The large gap between the number of experimentally solved
protein structures and the number of available sequences
which have been limited by the time, cost, and experimental
challenges intrinsic to the process of structural
determination, which have been operated homology
modeling resolved can be possible. The homology modeling
plays an important role in the structure-based drug
discovery process in the absence of experimental structures.
Homology or comparative modeling is a process, which is
predicting protein structure from the universal observation
that proteins with similar sequences have a similar
structure. A few popular docking software programs are
AutoDock, FlexX, DOCK, GOLD, MOEDock,eHiTs,Surflex, and
Glide [Eswar and Cavasotto et al., 2009].
PROTEIN-LIGAND DOCKING
The protein ligands are used to confirm and orientation
within their binding site and attempt to place the ligand into
their appropriate interacting with the receptor [Bajorath
etal., 2006]. The protein-ligand is used for docking which
process is divided into two categories: the estimation of
ligand affinity using a scoring function and the correct
placement of the ligand at the protein binding site. They also
stimulate the molecular dynamics and genetic algorithms to
“evolve” new low energy conformations [Dias et al., 2008
and Huang et al., 2010]. However, their compounds have
binding affinities, which is challenging [ Warren etal.,2006].
MOLECULAR DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS
The molecular dynamics simulations have become
progressively useful in studying biological systems
applicable to drug discovery[Salsbury et al., 2010 and
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Wenzel et al., 2011]. The experimentally obtained protein
structure is not suitable for structure-based VS. In some
cases, for example, the structure represents a closed
conformation of a protein which is the motion of a hinge
region blocks to approach the ligand-binding pocket [Marco
et al., 2007]. To determining the open conformation of
proteins, the co-factor binding is predicted through MD
simulations by induced conformations along with the
structure-based VS. To understanding the feature is
important for ligand-binding affinity, MD simulations play a
significant role [Amaro et al., 2010].
STRUCTURE-BASED PHARMACOPHORE MODELLING
In the spatial information regarding the target, protein
creates a topological description of ligand-receptor
interactions in which the structure-based pharmacophore
modeling is used. From the starting of 3D coordinates of a
ligand bound to a macromolecular target, between the two
binding partners the possible interactions are assessed. To
ensure authenticity, it is essential for the binding-site
residues and ligand coordinates due to the visual inspecting
their degree of capability to the corresponding density map
available, for instance, at the Uppsala Electron Density
Server [Harris et al., 2004]. Based on the opposing chemical
functionalities and the geometric arrangement about each
other, where the interactions are observed, there are the
pharmacophore features placed on the ligand side.
CONCLUSION
Several traditional plants are used to treat antidiabetic,
hypoglycemic, and antihyperglycemic activities, and ᾳ-
glucosidase and ᾳ-amylase inhibitionhas beenreported. The
antidiabetic effect of plants is a mixtureofphytochemicals or
single components of the plant extracts. The beneficial
effects of phytochemicals, like regulationofglucoseandlipid
metabolism, stimulating β cells, insulin secretion, inhibition
of gluconeogenic enzymes,Nf-kbsignalingpathway,and rose
protective action. Therefore, different types of medicinal
plants may be useful to the fordesigning of new functional
foods with antidiabetic properties.
Acknowledgement
The authors acknowledge the help provided by Department
of Biotechnology, Faculty ofLifesciences,InstituteofApplied
Medicines and Research, Ghaziabad, India.
Conflict of Interest :
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.
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