This document provides an introduction to the topics that will be covered in Week 1, Lesson 1 of a physics course. It includes brief descriptions of what physics is, how measurements are made and quantified in terms of accuracy and precision, the fundamental dimensions and units used in physics, how to perform calculations and conversions involving units, and how to determine the appropriate number of significant figures in measurements and calculations. The key topics covered are counting, measuring, accuracy vs precision, dimensional analysis, unit conversions, and significant figures. Students are assigned to read sections 1.1 to 1.6 in their textbook to prepare for the lesson.
Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in Senior High School (STEM) Gene...EngineerPH EducatorPH
General Physics
GenPhy
STEM
Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics
K to 12 Senior High School STEM Specialized Subject – General Physics 1 and 2
General Physics 1:Units and Measurement Vectors
Kinematics
Newton’s Laws
Work and Energy
Center of Mass, Momentum, Impulse and Collisions
Rotational Equilibrium and Rotational DynamicsGravity
Periodic Motion
Mechanical Waves and Sounds
Fluid Mechanics
Temperature and Heat
Ideal Gases and Laws of Thermodynamics
General Physics 2:
Electricity and Magnetism
Optics
Modern Physics Concepts
Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in Senior High School (STEM) Gene...EngineerPH EducatorPH
General Physics
GenPhy
STEM
Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics
K to 12 Senior High School STEM Specialized Subject – General Physics 1 and 2
General Physics 1:Units and Measurement Vectors
Kinematics
Newton’s Laws
Work and Energy
Center of Mass, Momentum, Impulse and Collisions
Rotational Equilibrium and Rotational DynamicsGravity
Periodic Motion
Mechanical Waves and Sounds
Fluid Mechanics
Temperature and Heat
Ideal Gases and Laws of Thermodynamics
General Physics 2:
Electricity and Magnetism
Optics
Modern Physics Concepts
Lesson 1 In the Beginning (Big Bang Theory and the Formation of Light Elements)Simple ABbieC
Content: How the Elements Found in the Universe were Formed
Content Standard:
The learners demonstrate an understanding of:
• the formation of the elements during the Big Bang and during stellar evolution
Learning Competency
The learners:
• give evidence for and explain the formation of the light elements in the Big Bang theory (S11/12PS-IIIa-1)
Summary
• The big bang theory explains how the elements were initially formed the formation of different elements involved many nuclear reactions, including fusion fission and radioactive decay
• There are three cosmic stages through which specific groups of elements were formed.
(1) The big bang nucleosynthesis formed the light elements(H, He, and Li).
(2) Stellar formation and evolution formed the elements heavier than Be to Fe.
(3) Stellar explosion , or supernova, formed the elements heavier than Fe.
• Atoms are the smallest unit of matter that have all the properties of an element. They composed of smaller subatomic particles as protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons have positive charge, neutrons are electrically neutral; and electrons have a negative charge.
• The nucleus, which takes the central region of an atom, is comprised of protons and neutrons, electrons move around the nucleus.
• The atomic number (Z) indicates the number of protons in an atom. In a neutral atom, number of protons is equal to the number of electrons. The atomic mass (A) is equal to the sum of the number of protons and neutrons.
• Isotopes refer to atoms with the same atomic number but different atomic masses.
• Ions, which are positively or negatively charged particles, have the same number of protons in different number of electrons.
Lesson in Introduction to Philosophy of Human Person
"Join me on my YouTube channel for more insightful topics! Don't forget to hit the subscribe button and share with your friends to stay updated on all the latest content!"
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Planet Earth and its properties necessary to support lifeSimple ABbieC
Department of Education | Senior High School
Topic: Planet Earth and its properties necessary to support life.
Learning Competency:
Earth and Life Science: Recognize the uniqueness of Earth, being the only planet in the Solar System with properties necessary to support life.
Earth Science (for STEM): Describe the characteristics of Earth that are necessary to support life.
Please LIKE / FOLLOW and SHARE my other social media accounts.
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/Simple-ABbieC-131584525051378/
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DepEd SHS STEM General Chemistry Modules Quarters 1-2 by Tapayan
General Chemistry
GenChem
STEM
Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics
K to 12 Senior High School STEM Specialized Subject – General Chemistry 1 and 2
Quarter 1 – General Chemistry 1
Matter and Its Properties
Measurements
Atoms, Molecules and Ions
Stoichiometry
Percent Composition and Chemical Formulas
Chemical reactions and chemical equations
Mass Relationships in Chemical Reactions
Gases
Dalton’s Law of partial pressures
Gas stoichiometry
Kinetic molecular theory of gases
Quarter 2 – General Chemistry 1
Electronic Structure of Atoms
Electronic Structure and Periodicity
Chemical Bonding
Organic compounds
Quarter 3 – General Chemistry 2
Intermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids
Physical Properties of Solutions
Thermochemistry
Chemical Kinetics
Quarter 4 – General Chemistry 2
Chemical Thermodynamics
Chemical Equilibrium
Acid-Base Equilibria and Salt Equilibria
Electrochemistry
STEM General Biology 1: The Cells
Cell Theory
Cell Structures and Functions
Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes
Animal vs. Plant Cells
Cell Modification
Movement of Molecules in Cells
Synthesis of the New Elements in the Laboratory Jhay Gonzales
The power point presentation is intended for reporting purposes. Various slides were not defined well and needs to be explained by the reporter during the discussion. The slide started in explaining the objective of the reporting. Explain what a periodic table is. Present the synthetic elements and how they were made. The nuclear reactions presented were only depicted by images and thus, needed to be researched.
Rocks and minerals for grade 11; Earth and life sciencesknip xin
please don't forget to like and leave your comments. this presentation is about rocks and minerals, grade 11, earth and life sciences; senior high school
Lesson 1 In the Beginning (Big Bang Theory and the Formation of Light Elements)Simple ABbieC
Content: How the Elements Found in the Universe were Formed
Content Standard:
The learners demonstrate an understanding of:
• the formation of the elements during the Big Bang and during stellar evolution
Learning Competency
The learners:
• give evidence for and explain the formation of the light elements in the Big Bang theory (S11/12PS-IIIa-1)
Summary
• The big bang theory explains how the elements were initially formed the formation of different elements involved many nuclear reactions, including fusion fission and radioactive decay
• There are three cosmic stages through which specific groups of elements were formed.
(1) The big bang nucleosynthesis formed the light elements(H, He, and Li).
(2) Stellar formation and evolution formed the elements heavier than Be to Fe.
(3) Stellar explosion , or supernova, formed the elements heavier than Fe.
• Atoms are the smallest unit of matter that have all the properties of an element. They composed of smaller subatomic particles as protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons have positive charge, neutrons are electrically neutral; and electrons have a negative charge.
• The nucleus, which takes the central region of an atom, is comprised of protons and neutrons, electrons move around the nucleus.
• The atomic number (Z) indicates the number of protons in an atom. In a neutral atom, number of protons is equal to the number of electrons. The atomic mass (A) is equal to the sum of the number of protons and neutrons.
• Isotopes refer to atoms with the same atomic number but different atomic masses.
• Ions, which are positively or negatively charged particles, have the same number of protons in different number of electrons.
Lesson in Introduction to Philosophy of Human Person
"Join me on my YouTube channel for more insightful topics! Don't forget to hit the subscribe button and share with your friends to stay updated on all the latest content!"
https://www.youtube.com/@JehnSimon
Planet Earth and its properties necessary to support lifeSimple ABbieC
Department of Education | Senior High School
Topic: Planet Earth and its properties necessary to support life.
Learning Competency:
Earth and Life Science: Recognize the uniqueness of Earth, being the only planet in the Solar System with properties necessary to support life.
Earth Science (for STEM): Describe the characteristics of Earth that are necessary to support life.
Please LIKE / FOLLOW and SHARE my other social media accounts.
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/Simple-ABbieC-131584525051378/
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Youtube:
http://tiny.cc/SimpleABbieC
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Slideshare:
https://www.slideshare.net/AbbieMahinay
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Blogger:
https://simpleabbiec.blogspot.com/?m=1
DepEd SHS STEM General Chemistry Modules Quarters 1-2 by Tapayan
General Chemistry
GenChem
STEM
Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics
K to 12 Senior High School STEM Specialized Subject – General Chemistry 1 and 2
Quarter 1 – General Chemistry 1
Matter and Its Properties
Measurements
Atoms, Molecules and Ions
Stoichiometry
Percent Composition and Chemical Formulas
Chemical reactions and chemical equations
Mass Relationships in Chemical Reactions
Gases
Dalton’s Law of partial pressures
Gas stoichiometry
Kinetic molecular theory of gases
Quarter 2 – General Chemistry 1
Electronic Structure of Atoms
Electronic Structure and Periodicity
Chemical Bonding
Organic compounds
Quarter 3 – General Chemistry 2
Intermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids
Physical Properties of Solutions
Thermochemistry
Chemical Kinetics
Quarter 4 – General Chemistry 2
Chemical Thermodynamics
Chemical Equilibrium
Acid-Base Equilibria and Salt Equilibria
Electrochemistry
STEM General Biology 1: The Cells
Cell Theory
Cell Structures and Functions
Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes
Animal vs. Plant Cells
Cell Modification
Movement of Molecules in Cells
Synthesis of the New Elements in the Laboratory Jhay Gonzales
The power point presentation is intended for reporting purposes. Various slides were not defined well and needs to be explained by the reporter during the discussion. The slide started in explaining the objective of the reporting. Explain what a periodic table is. Present the synthetic elements and how they were made. The nuclear reactions presented were only depicted by images and thus, needed to be researched.
Rocks and minerals for grade 11; Earth and life sciencesknip xin
please don't forget to like and leave your comments. this presentation is about rocks and minerals, grade 11, earth and life sciences; senior high school
About
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Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
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Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
1. General Introduction
Week 1, Lesson 1
• What is Physics
• Counting & Measuring: Accuracy & Precision
• Dimensions & Units of Measure
• Calculating & Converting
• Significant Digits
References/Reading Preparation:
Principles of Physics by Beuche – Ch.1
Week 1, Lesson 1 Introduction 1
2. What is Physics?
Physics is: a body of knowledge that provide organized answer
to our questions about the physical world.
Its goal : to describe all phenomena in the ohysical world in
terms of a few fundamental realtionships (called the laws of
Physics) between measurable properties of matter and energy.
All phenomena
in the physical world Physical laws
Quantitative results Mathematical form
Week 1, Lesson 1 Introduction 2
3. Counting & Measuring: Accuracy & Precision
Precision
One of the simplest methods of quantifying is to count.
This methods is applicable wherever we have individual units,
such as apples, oranges, people,, or atoms.
In principle, counting is an exact process of quantifying
because we are using whole numbers, or integers, to express
a quantity.
Week 1, Lesson 1 Introduction 3
4. Another method of quantifying is to measure.
Unlike counting, the process of measurement is not exact.
When we measure, we are no longer using integers to determine
quantity. Instead, we are using the markings on a meter stick,
or thermometer, or the ticks of a clock to measure quantities of
length, temperature and time.
All such marks and ticks have an inherent limit of precision
that is determined by the design and construction of the
measuring device.
A general guideline is that a given measuring device has a limit
of precision equal to one half the smallest division of measure-ment
built into the device.
Week 1, Lesson 1 Introduction 4
6. The limit of precision of a measuring device is ½ the
smallest division of measurement the device is able to
display.
Thus:
A meter stick with 1 mm divisions has a limiting precision of 0.5 mm.
A vernier caliper that can be read to the nearest 0.1 mm has a limiting
precision of 0.05 mm.
A stopwatch with 0.5 second intervals has a precision of 0.25 s.
A digital stopwatch that displays to the nearest 0.1 s has a limiting precision
of 0.05 s.
Week 1, Lesson 1 Introduction 6
7. Accuracy
A different kind of measurement uncertainty involves the
possibility of incorrect design or calibration of the instrument,
or incorrect reading or interpretation of the instrument.
Such errors are called systematic errors.
These errors cause the measurement to be consistently higher
or lower than the true value.
Such a measurement is said to be inaccurate.
Week 1, Lesson 1 Introduction 7
8. Random errors or statistical errors
– Is multiple measurements of the same quantity using
the same instrument often differ by more than the
precision of the instrument.
- Caused by fluctuations on the physical property being
measured. i.e: changes in temp, gas pressure, elec .
voltage etc.
- It cannot be eliminated
- But can be reduced by increasing the number of
measurements.
Week 1, Lesson 1 Introduction 8
9. Accuracy is the extent to which systematic errors
make a measured value differ from its true value.
Week 1, Lesson 1 Introduction 9
11. Dimensions and Units in Measurement
When measuring a physical quantity, we first have to identify
what kind of physical property we are measuring.
There are only seven basic kinds of physical properties necessary
to describe all physical measurements.
These properties are called dimensions.
They are:
length mass time temperature electric current
number of particles luminous intensity
Week 1, Lesson 1 Introduction 11
12. With each dimension, there is an associated unit.
The fundamental dimensions and their basic SI units are shown.
Dimension Unit Symbol
Length meter m
Mass kilogram kg
Time second s
Temperature Kelvin K
Electric current Ampere A
Number of Particles Mole M
Luminous Intensity Candela cd
Week 1, Lesson 1 Introduction 12
13. Calculating with Units
Calculating with measured quantities involves two processes:
1) Doing the numerical calculation, and
2) Calculating the units of the resulting quantity.
Week 1, Lesson 1 Introduction 13
14. Examples:
Dividing 60 miles (mi) by 2 hours (h) gives:
60 mi
2 h
= 30 mi
h
= 30 mi/h
Multiplying 3 kilograms (kg) by 12 meters per second (m/s):
3 kg x 12 m/s = 36 kg m/s
Week 1, Lesson 1 Introduction 14
15. Converting Between Systems of Units
The units used in various systems to measure a dimension
usually have different names and represent different amounts
of the dimension.
We can convert any measurement from one system to another
by using the appropriate equivalencies, called conversion factors.
For example: 1 ft = 0.3054 m
We read this as:
“there are 0.3054 meters in one foot (0.3054 m/1 ft)” or
“there is one foot in 0.3054 meters (1 ft/0.3054 m)”
Week 1, Lesson 1 Introduction 15
16. Examples:
a) Convert 20.0 ft into meters.
b) Convert 60.0 mi/h to m/s.
(ans. 6.10 m, 26.8 m/s)
Week 1, Lesson 1 Introduction 16
17. a) Convert 20.0 ft into meters.
1 ft = 0.3054 m
Therefore, 20 ft = 20 x 0.3054 = 6.108m
b) Convert 60.0 mi/h to m/s.
1 mi/h 1610m/3600s
Therefore, 60mi/h = (60 x 1610)/3600 m/s
= 26.83 m/s
Week 1, Lesson 1 Introduction 17
19. Significant Digits in Calculations
Since measuring instruments always have a limit of precision
and since statistical errors are often present, every measurement
in physics has a limit on how many digits in the result are
known with certainty.
The digits that are known with certainty are called significant
digits.
Whenever you work a problem in physics, you must use the
correct number of significant digits to express the results of
both your measurement and your calculation.
Week 1, Lesson 1 Introduction 19
20. Examples
Measurement Significant Digits Remarks
3.1 cm 2
4.36 m/s 3
5.003 mm 4 Both zeros are significant
0.00875 kg 3 Zeros simply locate the decimal.
8.75x10-3 kg 3 Same quantity as previous example.
4500 ft 2,3 or 4 Ambiguous – can’t tell whether zeros
measured or only showing decimal.
Week 1, Lesson 1 Introduction 20
21. Significant Digits in Addition or Subtraction
When adding or subtracting measured quantities, the precision
of the answer can only be as great as the least precise term in
the sum or difference. All digits up to this limit of precision are
significant.
Example: 3.76 cm
+ 46.855 cm
+ 0.2 cm
50.815 cm
The least precise quantity is
0.2 – so our answer is known
only to the nearest 0.1 cm.
The correct answer is 50.8 cm.
Week 1, Lesson 1 Introduction 21
22. Significant Digits in Multiplying and Dividing
When multiplying or dividing measured quantities, the number
of significant digits in the result can only be as great as the least
number of significant digits in any factor in the calculation.
Example:
(31.3 cm)(28 cm)(51.85 cm) = 45,441.34 cm3
But, the significant digit rule allows us to keep only two digits –
we are limited by the two significant digits in 28 cm.
Therefore, the answer is stated as: 45,000 cm3, or 4.5x104 cm3.
Week 1, Lesson 1 Introduction 22
23. Homework
Read Sections 1.1 to 1.6 in Principles of Physics, by Beuche
and Jerde.
Week 1, Lesson 1 Introduction 23