This document provides an overview of electricity and magnetism. It discusses electric and magnetic fields, how magnetic fields are produced by electric currents, and some applications like electromagnets and motors. The key topics covered include electric charge, electric fields, magnetic fields, electromagnetism, and basic electric circuits. Hands-on activities are also included to demonstrate these concepts.

1. ELECTRICITY AND
MAGNETISM
A JOURNEY TOWARDS THE SMALLEST PART OF MATTER

2. TOPICS
• Electric fields and magnetic field
• The presence of magnetic field in current carrying wire.

3. OBJECTIVES:
• Explain the behavior of charges in the electric field.
• State that a magnetic field exists around a current carrying wire.
• Explain how electricity is related to magnetism and the nature of magnetic
field.

4. ACTIVITY
Group Activity
Group 1 Charge Hockey
Group 2 Magnetic Field
Group 3 Magnetic field
Group 4 Magnetic field
Group 5 Charge Hockey

5. EM Induction
Magnetic Field (B)
Magnetism
B due to I
Force of B on I
Electromagnets
Motors
Faraday’s Law
•Generator/Transformer
•Power Transmission
• Magnetic Field
• Magnetic forces
• Electrical Power
• Electrical energy
Electric circuit/connection Ohm’s Law
Electric Charge Electric Force
Electric Field
Electric Potential
WORLD OF ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM
Electric
Current (I)
Electrostatics
Magnetic
Field and
Current
• Positive and negative electric charges
• Attraction/Repulsion between charges
 Electric current
 Electric circuits (at home)

6. • Involves…
Electric charges
The forces between them
 and their behavior in materials
Electrostatics

7. THE CHARGES…
•Everything is made of atoms which contain POSITIVE
particles called PROTONS and NEGATIVE particles called
ELECTRONS.
Proton (+)
Neutron
Electron (-)

8. •An atom will usually have the same number of
positives and negatives
•This makes the atom NEUTRAL.
Proton (+)
Neutron
Electron (-)

9. WHAT IS INSIDE AN ATOM?
Thomson’s Plum pudding model
Rutherford model
Rutherford Bohr model
Charge cloud model
Quantum model of the nucleus

10. ELECTRICAL CHARGE
• Electric charge is given the symbol
q
Electrons are the charge carriers that flow in an
electrical circuit –from the negative to positive
terminals.

11. ELECTRICAL CHARGE
• Charge is measured in
Coulombs
• which is given the symbol
C

12. ELECTRICAL CHARGE
• The charge on a proton is
1.6 x 10-19C
• which is the same size as the charge on an electron.

13. FUNDAMENTAL
RULE OF THE
BASE OF ALL
ELECTRICAL
PHENOMENA
Like charges repel;
Opposite charges
attract.
Source; Paul Hewitt, (1998). Conceptual physics, CA: Saunders Publishing

14. CHARGING PROCESS
• Charging by friction and contact
• Charging by induction
• Charge polarization

15. ELECTRIC FIELDS AND
POTENTIALS

16. ELECTRIC FIELD
The space around every electric charge is filled with an electric
field-a kind of aura that extends through space.

17. ELECTRIC POTENTIALS
Electric Potentials (volt): work done per unit
charge (Bringing a very small positive charge
from one point to the other.)
1volt = 1
JOULE
COULOMB

18. POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE OR VOLTAGE (V)
A 9 V battery will give how much energy
to each coulomb of charge passing
through the battery?
9 J

19. POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE OR VOLTAGE (V)
A 1.5 V battery will give how much energy
to each coulomb of charge passing
through the battery?
1.5 J

20. POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE OR VOLTAGE (V)
A battery with a p.d. of 6V will give how
much energy to each coulomb of charge
passing through the battery?
6 J

21. VOLTAGE OR P.D.
Voltage (or p.d.) is measured in
volts
and is given the symbol
V

22. WHAT IS ELECTRIC
CURRENT?
movement of charge round a circuit.
We call this electric current.

24. ELECTRIC CURRENT: FLOW OF CHARGE
t
q
I



SI Unit; 1 C/s = 1 ampere, A
After the French mathematician Andre-Marie Ampere

25. CHARGE, CURRENT & TIME
•If current is charge flowing per second then
t
Q
I 
time in seconds (s)
Current in Amps (A)
Charge transferred
in coulombs (C)
so a current of 1 A is 1 C of charge transferred
in 1 s.

26. BASIC CIRCUITS
• Source
• Switch
• Conductor wire
• Load (Bulb)

27. Why can a bird sit
safely on this
high voltage power
line?
What will happen if the
bird spreads its wings
and touches the pylon?

29. SUMMARY OF UNITS
Quantity Symbol Units Symbol
charge Q coulombs C
time t seconds s
current I amperes A
voltage V volts V

30. Magnets in Electricity

32. A magnetic field is the region around a
magnet in which a magnetic force can be
detected.

33. A moving charge (electric
current) produces
magnetic field
Hans Christian Oersted

34. IT CAME FROM…
• Moving/ spinning electron.
• It is due to the distortion in
the electric field caused by
the motion (Einstein, 1905,
Theory of special
relativity).
• Every moving/spinning
electron is a tiny magnet.

35. WE CALL IT ELECTROMAGNET
• When magnetic
field is produced in
the current-
carrying wire.

36. APPLICATIONS ARE…

37. THANK YOU
I can do all things
through Christ
which strengthen
me.
Philippians 4:13
To God be the Glory

38. REFERENCES
• Murphy & Smooth, (1998). Physics principles and problems, Toronto, Canada:
Charles E. Merill Publishing Co.
• Eby & Horton, (1986). Physical science, New York: Macmillan Publishing
Company
• Jones & Childers, (1992). Contemporary college physics, 2ndEd, California:
Addison-Wesley Publishing Company
• Paul Hewitt, (1998). Conceptual physics, CA: Saunders Publishing