The document defines and provides examples of the word "allow". It states that allow is a verb that means to let someone do something or let something happen; permit. It provides three examples of allow in sentences: "You’re not allowed to talk during the exam", "Are you allowed in the building on weekends?", and "They said they wouldn’t allow their lives to be influenced by television." It also provides the Persian translation of allow, which is "اجازه دادن".
This document provides instruction on pronoun-antecedent agreement rules. It defines pronouns and antecedents, then outlines three rules for agreement: person, number, and gender. Examples are given to illustrate singular and plural pronouns referring to different types of antecedents. Indefinite pronouns and conjunctions like "or", "nor", and "and" are discussed. The document concludes with an activity where students identify the correct pronoun to complete sentences, followed by an exit slip assessing understanding of the rules.
This document contains a table of contents for a Spanish grammar book covering topics such as verb conjugations, irregular verbs, stem changes, uses of por vs para, commands, and the subjunctive mood. It provides example conjugations and explanations for present tense verbs, stem changing verbs, irregular yo forms, saber vs conocer, reflexive verbs, and se impersonal verbs. It also covers uses of the imperfect vs preterite, future/conditional forms, por vs para prepositions, commands, the present perfect, double object pronouns, adverbs, and progressive tenses.
This document provides an outline of topics covered in a grammar book, including:
1) Present tense verbs and irregular forms
2) Stem-changing verbs
3) Verbs like saber vs conocer, reflexives, and impersonal se
4) Verb conjugations, irregular verbs, and uses of hacer
5) Imperfect, preterite, and future tenses along with comparative and superlative structures.
The document includes examples and explanations of grammatical structures and concepts.
This document is the table of contents for a grammar book. It lists 20 topics related to Spanish grammar, including present tense verbs, stem changers, irregular verbs, reflexive verbs, diphthongs, comparisons and the future tense. The table of contents provides an overview of the key concepts and verb types covered in the grammar book.
This document provides an outline of topics covered in a grammar book. It includes sections on verb conjugations for regular -ar, -er, and -ir verbs, stem changers, irregular verbs, saber vs conocer, reflexives, the impersonal "se", diphthongs, verbs ending in -uir/guir, -cer/cir, and -ger/gir. Other topics covered are the preterite vs imperfect tenses, verbs like traer/hacer/poder, comparatives and superlatives, the future and conditional tenses, por vs para prepositions, commands, present perfects, double object pronouns, adverbs, the subjunctive mood, the imperson
The document provides information about gerunds and infinitives in English. [1] Gerunds end in "-ing" but function as nouns, and can be subjects, objects of prepositions, or objects of certain verbs. [2] Infinitives are the base form of verbs and can be preceded by "to" or stand alone; they function as subjects, objects, adjectives, or adverbs. [3] Certain verbs are usually followed by gerunds or infinitives, with some verbs having different meanings depending on which one follows.
This document contains an outline of topics for a Spanish grammar book. It includes sections on present tense conjugations, stem changes, irregular verbs like ser and ir, saber vs conocer, reflexive verbs, the impersonal se, diphthongs with accents, similar verbs ending in -uir/-uir and -cer/-cir, the formula "hace + time + que", imperfect versus preterite tenses, irregular preterite verbs, comparative and superlative adjectives, the future tense, irregular future verbs, and common future trigger words.
This document contains a grammar book index and various grammar topics in Spanish:
- The present tense
- Irregular verbs
- Verbs with stem changes
- Irregular verbs in the yo form
- Other irregular verbs
- Verbs like gustar
- Ser and estar
- Pretérite vs imperfect
- Subjunctive
- In nominal clauses
- In adjectival clauses
- Commands
- Pronouns
- Possessive adjectives + pronouns/demonstrative adjectives + pronouns
- Reflexive verbs
- Por/para
- To become - hacerse, ponerse, volverse, llegar a ser
This document provides instruction on pronoun-antecedent agreement rules. It defines pronouns and antecedents, then outlines three rules for agreement: person, number, and gender. Examples are given to illustrate singular and plural pronouns referring to different types of antecedents. Indefinite pronouns and conjunctions like "or", "nor", and "and" are discussed. The document concludes with an activity where students identify the correct pronoun to complete sentences, followed by an exit slip assessing understanding of the rules.
This document contains a table of contents for a Spanish grammar book covering topics such as verb conjugations, irregular verbs, stem changes, uses of por vs para, commands, and the subjunctive mood. It provides example conjugations and explanations for present tense verbs, stem changing verbs, irregular yo forms, saber vs conocer, reflexive verbs, and se impersonal verbs. It also covers uses of the imperfect vs preterite, future/conditional forms, por vs para prepositions, commands, the present perfect, double object pronouns, adverbs, and progressive tenses.
This document provides an outline of topics covered in a grammar book, including:
1) Present tense verbs and irregular forms
2) Stem-changing verbs
3) Verbs like saber vs conocer, reflexives, and impersonal se
4) Verb conjugations, irregular verbs, and uses of hacer
5) Imperfect, preterite, and future tenses along with comparative and superlative structures.
The document includes examples and explanations of grammatical structures and concepts.
This document is the table of contents for a grammar book. It lists 20 topics related to Spanish grammar, including present tense verbs, stem changers, irregular verbs, reflexive verbs, diphthongs, comparisons and the future tense. The table of contents provides an overview of the key concepts and verb types covered in the grammar book.
This document provides an outline of topics covered in a grammar book. It includes sections on verb conjugations for regular -ar, -er, and -ir verbs, stem changers, irregular verbs, saber vs conocer, reflexives, the impersonal "se", diphthongs, verbs ending in -uir/guir, -cer/cir, and -ger/gir. Other topics covered are the preterite vs imperfect tenses, verbs like traer/hacer/poder, comparatives and superlatives, the future and conditional tenses, por vs para prepositions, commands, present perfects, double object pronouns, adverbs, the subjunctive mood, the imperson
The document provides information about gerunds and infinitives in English. [1] Gerunds end in "-ing" but function as nouns, and can be subjects, objects of prepositions, or objects of certain verbs. [2] Infinitives are the base form of verbs and can be preceded by "to" or stand alone; they function as subjects, objects, adjectives, or adverbs. [3] Certain verbs are usually followed by gerunds or infinitives, with some verbs having different meanings depending on which one follows.
This document contains an outline of topics for a Spanish grammar book. It includes sections on present tense conjugations, stem changes, irregular verbs like ser and ir, saber vs conocer, reflexive verbs, the impersonal se, diphthongs with accents, similar verbs ending in -uir/-uir and -cer/-cir, the formula "hace + time + que", imperfect versus preterite tenses, irregular preterite verbs, comparative and superlative adjectives, the future tense, irregular future verbs, and common future trigger words.
This document contains a grammar book index and various grammar topics in Spanish:
- The present tense
- Irregular verbs
- Verbs with stem changes
- Irregular verbs in the yo form
- Other irregular verbs
- Verbs like gustar
- Ser and estar
- Pretérite vs imperfect
- Subjunctive
- In nominal clauses
- In adjectival clauses
- Commands
- Pronouns
- Possessive adjectives + pronouns/demonstrative adjectives + pronouns
- Reflexive verbs
- Por/para
- To become - hacerse, ponerse, volverse, llegar a ser
This document provides guidance on common grammar issues, including subject-verb agreement, pronoun-antecedent agreement, passive voice, and the proper uses of "that" vs. "which" and "who" vs. "whom." Specific examples are given to illustrate each concept, with explanations of the correct answers. Key issues covered include collective nouns taking singular or plural verbs depending on whether the group is thought of individually or as a unit, the preference for active over passive voice, and the essential/nonessential distinction for clauses introduced by "that" or "which."
The document provides an overview of key Spanish 4 grammar concepts including:
1. The present tense and its regular conjugations as well as irregular yo forms.
2. Ser and estar and how they are used with adjectives.
3. Gustar and similar verbs like gustar that follow the same conjugation.
4. The preterite and imperfect tenses, including how to identify them using "trigger words" and their regular and irregular conjugations.
This document provides information about a book titled "The Big Question" by Brian Selznick. It is classified as a historical fiction genre. Key vocabulary words from the story are defined. Questions are provided about whether you can always believe what you see. Various activities and exercises related to vocabulary, fluency, grammar, spelling, and perception are outlined.
This document provides a table of contents for a Spanish 4 grammar book. The table of contents lists 37 chapters covering various Spanish grammar topics like verb tenses (present, preterite, imperfect), uses of ser and estar, gustar and similar verbs, object pronouns, subjunctive mood, commands, and prepositions. Each chapter title is accompanied by the page numbers for that chapter.
The document provides information on using gerunds and infinitives after certain verbs in English. It lists verbs that are commonly followed by a gerund ("verb+ing" form) or infinitive ("to verb" form) and provides examples of their use. It also discusses some verbs that can be used with both structures, with subtle differences in meaning, such as "remember" and "forget". Finally, it notes that time expressions and sequencing words can provide context clues about which verb structure to use after certain verbs.
The document provides an outline for a Spanish grammar book. It includes 14 sections covering topics like verb conjugations, stem changers, irregular verbs, saber vs conocer, reflexive verbs, commands, and tenses including present, preterite, imperfect, future, conditional, and subjunctive. Each section also includes examples to illustrate the grammar points.
The document provides an overview of Spanish grammar concepts including: the imperfect tense and how it is used; irregular verb forms in the preterite and future tenses; modal verbs and how they are conjugated; forming adverbs; and uses of demonstratives, prepositions, and formal commands. The summary covers the key topics and structures discussed across 15 sections.
The document lists various Spanish grammar topics including verb conjugations, irregular verbs, stem changers, reflexive verbs, saber vs conocer, gustar verbs, diphthongs, hacer expressions, preterite vs imperfect tense, and comparatives. It provides examples of conjugating regular verbs ending in -ar, -er, -ir. Irregular verbs like ser, ir, dar and stem changers like oir and hacer are also exemplified.
This document provides a summary of key grammar concepts in Spanish, including:
1) Verb tenses like the imperfect, preterite, progressive, and future tenses. Conjugations of irregular verbs are also covered.
2) Modal verbs and how to use them.
3) Adverbs and how they are formed.
4) Prepositions commonly used in Spanish.
5) Demonstratives and how they agree with nouns in number and gender.
This document provides a summary of key grammar concepts in Spanish, including:
1) Verb tenses like the imperfect, preterite, progressive, and future tenses. Conjugations of irregular verbs are also covered.
2) Modal verbs and how to use them.
3) Adverbs and how they are formed.
4) Prepositions commonly used in Spanish.
5) Demonstratives and how they agree with nouns in number and gender.
This document provides a summary of key grammar concepts in Spanish, including:
- Verb tenses like the imperfect, preterite, progressive, future, and conditional
- Irregular verb conjugations like -car, -gar, and -zar verbs
- Modal verbs and how to use them
- Forming adverbs and superlatives
- Formal commands
- Prepositions
- Demonstratives like este, ese, and aquel
The document is organized by grammar topic and provides conjugation charts and examples to illustrate usage.
This document is the table of contents for a Spanish 4 grammar book. It lists 14 chapters covering various topics of Spanish grammar, including the present tense, ser vs estar, gustar verbs, preterite and imperfect tenses, subjunctive mood, commands, object pronouns, and more. Each chapter title is listed along with the page numbers for that section.
This document defines nouns and discusses their different types and uses in sentences. It begins by explaining that nouns refer to people, places, things, ideas and other entities that can be seen or discussed. Nouns are then divided into two main categories: concrete nouns, which refer to tangible people, places or objects; and abstract nouns, which refer to intangible concepts. Concrete nouns are further divided into common nouns, proper nouns, collective nouns, material nouns and compound nouns. The document also discusses noun clauses and how they are used as objects of verbs. It provides examples of different types of noun clauses introduced by question words, if/whether, and that.
This document defines and provides examples of adjectives, adverbs, adjective clauses, and adverb clauses. Adjectives modify nouns and answer questions like what kind, which one, and how many. Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs and answer questions like how, when, where, and to what extent. Adjective clauses are dependent clauses that modify nouns or pronouns, often introduced by relative pronouns. Adverb clauses are dependent clauses that modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs and are introduced by subordinating conjunctions.
Hyphens and Commonly Confused Words PPTclairmckinnon
The document discusses proper hyphen usage including avoiding ambiguity, spelling out numbers, linking nouns, and dividing words at line breaks. It also covers commonly confused words like "there/their/they're" and homonyms that sound alike but have different meanings. Examples are provided to illustrate the correct use of hyphens, apostrophes, and homonyms.
The document provides information on various Spanish grammar topics in 12 sections:
1. Nationalities, stem-changing verbs, pronouns, gustar, affirmative/negative words, and superlatives.
2. Affirmative and negative tu commands, irregular verbs, and pronoun placement.
3. Sequencing events and examples of using pronouns with infinitives and gerunds.
The document provides a review on simple past verb tenses in English for a university entrance exam preparation guide. It gives examples of using regular and irregular verbs in the simple past, such as "Carlos spoke to the dean yesterday" and "Carlos studied hard for the test last night". It then lists common irregular verbs and their root, past, and past participle forms, such as "become - became - become", to help students properly conjugate verbs for the past tense.
This document provides a grammar guide in Spanish. It includes:
1) A table of contents outlining tenses and topics covered such as the present, future, imperfect, preterite, stem changers, reflexives, comparatives and superlatives.
2) Explanations and conjugations of verb tenses including the present, stem changers, irregular verbs, saber vs conocer, reflexives, impersonal se, diphthongs with accents, hace + time + que constructions, ger/gir and cer/cir verbs.
3) Discussions of the preterite tense triggers and irregular conjugations.
4) Descriptions of the imperfect tense,
The document provides a summary of key grammatical concepts in Spanish, including:
1. Stem-changing verbs, irregular yo forms, saber vs conocer, reflexive verbs, the impersonal se, diphthongs, and verb conjugations.
2. Uses of the imperfect, preterite, future, and comparative/superlative tenses.
3. Forming commands, the present perfect, double object pronouns, adverbs, the subjunctive, impersonal expressions, and progressive tenses.
The document contains vocabulary words and their definitions from an English language textbook. It includes words like "according to", which is a preposition meaning "as stated by", "banana" which is a curved yellow fruit, and "bill" which refers to a piece of paper money or note. It also defines verbs like "decide" which means to choose between possibilities, and "mistake" which can be a noun meaning something wrong or incorrect, or a verb meaning to incorrectly recognize something.
This document contains vocabulary words and their definitions from an English lesson. It includes words such as:
- According to - a preposition meaning as stated by
- Banana - a long, curved fruit with yellow skin and soft flesh
- Cage - a structure with bars or wires for keeping pets or housing animals
This document provides guidance on common grammar issues, including subject-verb agreement, pronoun-antecedent agreement, passive voice, and the proper uses of "that" vs. "which" and "who" vs. "whom." Specific examples are given to illustrate each concept, with explanations of the correct answers. Key issues covered include collective nouns taking singular or plural verbs depending on whether the group is thought of individually or as a unit, the preference for active over passive voice, and the essential/nonessential distinction for clauses introduced by "that" or "which."
The document provides an overview of key Spanish 4 grammar concepts including:
1. The present tense and its regular conjugations as well as irregular yo forms.
2. Ser and estar and how they are used with adjectives.
3. Gustar and similar verbs like gustar that follow the same conjugation.
4. The preterite and imperfect tenses, including how to identify them using "trigger words" and their regular and irregular conjugations.
This document provides information about a book titled "The Big Question" by Brian Selznick. It is classified as a historical fiction genre. Key vocabulary words from the story are defined. Questions are provided about whether you can always believe what you see. Various activities and exercises related to vocabulary, fluency, grammar, spelling, and perception are outlined.
This document provides a table of contents for a Spanish 4 grammar book. The table of contents lists 37 chapters covering various Spanish grammar topics like verb tenses (present, preterite, imperfect), uses of ser and estar, gustar and similar verbs, object pronouns, subjunctive mood, commands, and prepositions. Each chapter title is accompanied by the page numbers for that chapter.
The document provides information on using gerunds and infinitives after certain verbs in English. It lists verbs that are commonly followed by a gerund ("verb+ing" form) or infinitive ("to verb" form) and provides examples of their use. It also discusses some verbs that can be used with both structures, with subtle differences in meaning, such as "remember" and "forget". Finally, it notes that time expressions and sequencing words can provide context clues about which verb structure to use after certain verbs.
The document provides an outline for a Spanish grammar book. It includes 14 sections covering topics like verb conjugations, stem changers, irregular verbs, saber vs conocer, reflexive verbs, commands, and tenses including present, preterite, imperfect, future, conditional, and subjunctive. Each section also includes examples to illustrate the grammar points.
The document provides an overview of Spanish grammar concepts including: the imperfect tense and how it is used; irregular verb forms in the preterite and future tenses; modal verbs and how they are conjugated; forming adverbs; and uses of demonstratives, prepositions, and formal commands. The summary covers the key topics and structures discussed across 15 sections.
The document lists various Spanish grammar topics including verb conjugations, irregular verbs, stem changers, reflexive verbs, saber vs conocer, gustar verbs, diphthongs, hacer expressions, preterite vs imperfect tense, and comparatives. It provides examples of conjugating regular verbs ending in -ar, -er, -ir. Irregular verbs like ser, ir, dar and stem changers like oir and hacer are also exemplified.
This document provides a summary of key grammar concepts in Spanish, including:
1) Verb tenses like the imperfect, preterite, progressive, and future tenses. Conjugations of irregular verbs are also covered.
2) Modal verbs and how to use them.
3) Adverbs and how they are formed.
4) Prepositions commonly used in Spanish.
5) Demonstratives and how they agree with nouns in number and gender.
This document provides a summary of key grammar concepts in Spanish, including:
1) Verb tenses like the imperfect, preterite, progressive, and future tenses. Conjugations of irregular verbs are also covered.
2) Modal verbs and how to use them.
3) Adverbs and how they are formed.
4) Prepositions commonly used in Spanish.
5) Demonstratives and how they agree with nouns in number and gender.
This document provides a summary of key grammar concepts in Spanish, including:
- Verb tenses like the imperfect, preterite, progressive, future, and conditional
- Irregular verb conjugations like -car, -gar, and -zar verbs
- Modal verbs and how to use them
- Forming adverbs and superlatives
- Formal commands
- Prepositions
- Demonstratives like este, ese, and aquel
The document is organized by grammar topic and provides conjugation charts and examples to illustrate usage.
This document is the table of contents for a Spanish 4 grammar book. It lists 14 chapters covering various topics of Spanish grammar, including the present tense, ser vs estar, gustar verbs, preterite and imperfect tenses, subjunctive mood, commands, object pronouns, and more. Each chapter title is listed along with the page numbers for that section.
This document defines nouns and discusses their different types and uses in sentences. It begins by explaining that nouns refer to people, places, things, ideas and other entities that can be seen or discussed. Nouns are then divided into two main categories: concrete nouns, which refer to tangible people, places or objects; and abstract nouns, which refer to intangible concepts. Concrete nouns are further divided into common nouns, proper nouns, collective nouns, material nouns and compound nouns. The document also discusses noun clauses and how they are used as objects of verbs. It provides examples of different types of noun clauses introduced by question words, if/whether, and that.
This document defines and provides examples of adjectives, adverbs, adjective clauses, and adverb clauses. Adjectives modify nouns and answer questions like what kind, which one, and how many. Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs and answer questions like how, when, where, and to what extent. Adjective clauses are dependent clauses that modify nouns or pronouns, often introduced by relative pronouns. Adverb clauses are dependent clauses that modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs and are introduced by subordinating conjunctions.
Hyphens and Commonly Confused Words PPTclairmckinnon
The document discusses proper hyphen usage including avoiding ambiguity, spelling out numbers, linking nouns, and dividing words at line breaks. It also covers commonly confused words like "there/their/they're" and homonyms that sound alike but have different meanings. Examples are provided to illustrate the correct use of hyphens, apostrophes, and homonyms.
The document provides information on various Spanish grammar topics in 12 sections:
1. Nationalities, stem-changing verbs, pronouns, gustar, affirmative/negative words, and superlatives.
2. Affirmative and negative tu commands, irregular verbs, and pronoun placement.
3. Sequencing events and examples of using pronouns with infinitives and gerunds.
The document provides a review on simple past verb tenses in English for a university entrance exam preparation guide. It gives examples of using regular and irregular verbs in the simple past, such as "Carlos spoke to the dean yesterday" and "Carlos studied hard for the test last night". It then lists common irregular verbs and their root, past, and past participle forms, such as "become - became - become", to help students properly conjugate verbs for the past tense.
This document provides a grammar guide in Spanish. It includes:
1) A table of contents outlining tenses and topics covered such as the present, future, imperfect, preterite, stem changers, reflexives, comparatives and superlatives.
2) Explanations and conjugations of verb tenses including the present, stem changers, irregular verbs, saber vs conocer, reflexives, impersonal se, diphthongs with accents, hace + time + que constructions, ger/gir and cer/cir verbs.
3) Discussions of the preterite tense triggers and irregular conjugations.
4) Descriptions of the imperfect tense,
The document provides a summary of key grammatical concepts in Spanish, including:
1. Stem-changing verbs, irregular yo forms, saber vs conocer, reflexive verbs, the impersonal se, diphthongs, and verb conjugations.
2. Uses of the imperfect, preterite, future, and comparative/superlative tenses.
3. Forming commands, the present perfect, double object pronouns, adverbs, the subjunctive, impersonal expressions, and progressive tenses.
The document contains vocabulary words and their definitions from an English language textbook. It includes words like "according to", which is a preposition meaning "as stated by", "banana" which is a curved yellow fruit, and "bill" which refers to a piece of paper money or note. It also defines verbs like "decide" which means to choose between possibilities, and "mistake" which can be a noun meaning something wrong or incorrect, or a verb meaning to incorrectly recognize something.
This document contains vocabulary words and their definitions from an English lesson. It includes words such as:
- According to - a preposition meaning as stated by
- Banana - a long, curved fruit with yellow skin and soft flesh
- Cage - a structure with bars or wires for keeping pets or housing animals
The document provides definitions and examples for several English words and terms. It defines words like "according to", "banana", "bill", "cassette", "copy", "decide", "mistake", and "motorcycle". It also defines related terms like "decided", "decisive", "decision-making", "language lab", and "mathematics". Each entry includes a phonetic transcription, part of speech, definition, and one or more examples to illustrate usage.
The document provides definitions and examples for several English words and terms. It defines words like "according to", "banana", "bill", "cassette", "copy", "decide", "mistake", and "motorcycle". It also defines related terms like "decided", "decisive", "decision-making", and gives examples of usage for each entry.
This document defines and provides examples of the words "lot", "lots", "a lot", "many", "much", and "a lot of". It explains that "lot" and "lots" can mean a large amount or number, and "a lot" requires the preposition "of" when followed by a noun phrase. "Many" is used with countable nouns, "much" is used with uncountable nouns, and both can be used in formal positive sentences. The document also contains examples of idiomatic phrases like "a lot of" and "around the clock".
This document defines and provides examples of the words "lot", "around", "a lot", "many", "much", and "a lot of". It discusses using "a lot" or "lots" with a noun phrase and includes the preposition "of". Examples are given to illustrate the differences between "many", "much", and "a lot of". The meanings of "around", "all day long", and the idiom "around the clock" are also explained.
1) Subject-verb agreement refers to matching the verb with the subject in terms of number (singular or plural).
2) There are specific rules for subject-verb agreement when subjects are joined by conjunctions like "and", or when collective nouns are used.
3) Exceptions exist for certain words or phrases, where the verb is singular even if the subject appears plural or vice versa.
4) Understanding these rules is important for proper grammar and clear communication.
The document provides information about verb tenses in English, including the past simple, present continuous, past continuous, present perfect, past perfect, present perfect continuous, and past perfect continuous. Key points covered include using the past simple to talk about finished actions, the present continuous to talk about ongoing actions now, and the past continuous to describe a longer action happening at the same time as another past action.
This document provides information on Spanish grammar concepts including:
- Verb conjugations for -ar, -er, and -ir verbs in the present tense.
- Stem-changing verbs and irregular "yo" forms.
- Uses of reflexive pronouns and verbs.
- Formation of the preterite, imperfect, future, and conditional tenses.
- Differences between por and para prepositions.
- Forms of commands, adverbs, subjunctive mood, impersonal "se", and verbs like gustar.
The document provides examples of common errors in English and corrections, covering areas such as similar words, false friends, word forms, grammar, possessives, and prepositions. It aims to help improve the learner's English by highlighting typical mistakes and providing the appropriate corrections and explanations.
This document provides a summary of common contractions used in spoken English. It defines what a contraction is and explains the purpose of the apostrophe. It then lists many common contractions with examples of how they are used in sentences, including: don't, shouldn't, wouldn't, isn't, it's, let's, that's, what's, he's, I'll, I'm, and others. It covers contractions for all persons and provides both affirmative and negative examples to demonstrate proper usage. The document aims to improve the reader's understanding and use of contractions in everyday spoken English.
The document outlines the table of contents for a Spanish 4 grammar book, which covers topics such as verb tenses like the present, preterite, and imperfect, uses of ser and estar, stem-changing verbs, irregular verbs, object and possessive pronouns, and uses of the subjunctive mood.
The document provides corrections and explanations for 12 examples of errors in English grammar and vocabulary usage. Each section presents an incorrect sentence, the correction, and a brief explanation of the proper usage. The document aims to help improve the learner's understanding of similar words, false friends, grammar, prepositions, possessives and other concepts in English.
The document discusses passive voice in Persian and English. It explains that in Persian, the passive is formed using the past participle (صفت مفعولی) plus the verb "شدن". Similarly, in English the passive is formed using "be" plus the past participle. It provides examples of passive forms for both regular and irregular verbs in both languages.
The document discusses passive voice in Persian and English. It explains that in Persian, the passive is formed using the past participle (صفت مفعولی) plus the verb "شدن". Similarly, in English the passive is formed using "be" plus the past participle. It provides examples of passive forms for both regular and irregular verbs in both languages.
Ochoa usos de los verbos y cuantificadores GRUPO 3Peter Ochoa
This document provides information on English grammar tenses and structures including:
- The present perfect tense of "there is/are" and examples of its use.
- Future tense forms of "have to" and irregular verbs in the future tense.
- An introduction to the passive voice including example sentences.
- Details and examples of other English tenses and structures like the past perfect, present simple passive, reported speech, modal verbs, and quantifiers.
This document discusses the three types of verbals: gerunds, participles, and infinitives. It provides examples and explanations of each type of verbal phrase, how they function as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs, and how to identify them in sentences. Key points include that gerunds end in "-ing" and function as nouns, participles can end in "-ing", "-ed", or "-en" and act as adjectives, and infinitives use "to + verb" and can function as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs.
The document discusses various English grammar concepts including tense, aspect, perfect and progressive forms, passive voice, modality, conditional sentences, and techniques for emphasis. It provides examples and explanations of these concepts and the differences between them. For example, it explains the difference between tense and aspect, how perfect and progressive forms combine with tenses, and how to form the passive voice and complex passive sentences.
The document defines and provides examples for several words:
- Foot is defined as the part of the body at the leg on which a person or animal stands, and as a unit of measurement equal to 12 inches.
- Airport is defined as a place where airplanes regularly take off and land, with buildings for passengers and flight management.
- Along means in the same direction as or beside something.
- Altogether means completely or in total.
This document discusses strong and weak forms in English pronunciation. It explains that many common English words can be pronounced either with a strong or weak form depending on stress. The strong form is used when a word is stressed or at the end of a phrase, while weak forms are used for unstressed words. Using weak forms is important for fluent English as it is how native speakers naturally speak. The document provides examples of words and their strong and weak forms to illustrate this concept.
The document discusses structures used to talk about possibilities or probabilities regarding actions that may have occurred in the past. It states that the structure "May/might + have + past participle" is used to indicate something was possible or probable, but the speaker is not certain. Several examples are given using this structure to speculate about possible past actions when the facts are unclear.
The document contains definitions and examples for several English words:
- Global means relating to the whole world. It defines global as an adjective and provides an example using it.
- Warm means to rise to a higher temperature or cause something else to rise in temperature. It gives examples of warming hands and water.
- Concern can be a noun meaning a worried feeling or state of anxiety, and a verb meaning to trouble someone with anxiety. It gives examples of both the noun and verb uses.
This document defines the word "speech" and provides several meanings:
1. The ability to talk or the activity of talking
2. The way of talking
3. The language used when talking
4. A formal talk given to a large group of people on a special occasion
It also gives examples of using "speech" and provides translations in another language.
This document defines and provides examples of the word "fit" and related terms. "Fit" is defined as healthy and in good physical condition, especially as a result of exercise. Examples show "fit" describing a person who looks healthy. The related noun "fitness" refers to physical health and ability. Maintaining fitness involves regular exercise and activities to stay strong and healthy.
1. The document defines the terms "mission", "missionary", and "Christian".
2. A mission is sending someone to do a particular job, while a missionary is a person sent to teach religion, often in a foreign country.
3. A Christian is a person who follows or belongs to the Christian religion.
The document defines several terms related to information technology and communication. It defines service as work or help provided, especially for the public or an organization. It defines communication as the process of sending messages or information between people or places, or the messages themselves. E-mail is defined as a message sent between people using computers, while mail refers to letters and packages delivered to homes or businesses. Video conferencing allows participants in different locations to take part in a conference using electronic sound and video.
The document defines key terms related to space exploration including: space, the area beyond Earth's atmosphere; planets like Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune that orbit the sun; the solar system of the sun and orbiting planets; asteroids, large rocky objects that orbit the sun; and exploration of space through activities like space travel, space shuttles that carry people to space, and space stations where people can live and work in space.
This document provides definitions and information about key terms related to earthquakes and the structure of the Earth. It defines an earthquake as a sudden, violent movement of the Earth's surface. It also discusses the different layers that make up the Earth's structure - the crust, mantle, and core. The crust is the outermost solid layer, under which lies the mantle that surrounds the liquid outer core and solid inner core at the center.
The document defines and provides examples of the word "labor". It states that labor is noun referring to practical work, especially work involving physical effort. Examples provided show labor referring to work done by workers or the work involved in manufacturing or repairing items. The document also gives definitions for related words like laborer, laborious, and discusses labor as both a count and uncount noun.
The document defines several words related to speech, communication, and emotions. It defines speech as the ability to talk, the language used in talking, and formal talks given to large groups. It also defines public as all the people in a place or country. Other words defined include overcome, meaning to defeat or control something; nervous, meaning worried or frightened; and anxiety, meaning an uncomfortable feeling of worry. Examples are provided for several of the definitions.
The document provides definitions and examples for the words "as", "weight", "shape", "exercise", "get into", and "fit". It defines "as" as a conjunction meaning "in the same way" or "because". It defines "weight" as a noun referring to the heaviness or amount of weight something has. "Shape" is defined as the condition or state of health of a thing or person. "Exercise" is defined as a physical activity done to stay healthy. "Get into" is a phrase meaning to become deeply involved in something. "Fit" is an adjective meaning healthy or strong as a result of exercise.
The document contains definitions and examples for several English words:
- Above is defined as an adverb or preposition meaning higher than, more than, or at a level greater than. Examples include "The kettle was above the fire."
- At all is defined as an adverb meaning in any way or of any type. Examples include "I don’t like him at all" and "He’s had no food at all."
- Last is defined as final or at last meaning finally. An example is "He tried hard and at last he could solve the problem."
The document provides part of speech, definitions, transliterations and examples for each word defined. It appears to
The document provides vocabulary words related to drawing, foreign languages, and restaurant terms. It defines the words "draw", "foreign", "finally", "try", "understand", "order", "let's", "Frenchman", "United States of America", "American", "mushroom", and "waiter". It provides the pronunciation, part of speech, definition, and examples for each word.
The document discusses relative clauses, which provide additional information about a noun or pronoun. It defines the different types of relative pronouns including who, whom, whose, that, which, where, and when. Examples are provided to illustrate how to use relative pronouns correctly within relative clauses. The summary also discusses how to transform sentences containing relative clauses by replacing the relative pronouns with the object or subject of the clause.
The document contains definitions and examples for several English words related to children and plants. It defines words like "plant", "pretty", "world", "little", "alone", "love", "when", "kindergarten", "pay", "grow", and "grow up". It provides the part of speech and definitions in both English and another language for each word. Examples are included to illustrate the meaning and proper usage of the words.
The document defines several words related to children and gardening. It defines plant as a noun referring to trees, flowers, and other vegetation. It defines pretty as an adjective meaning beautiful. It also defines other words like little, alone, love, when, kindergarten, pay, grow, and become older. It provides examples of how each word is used in sentences.
The document discusses the use of the verb "have to" which indicates strong obligation or necessity imposed by circumstances. It states that "have to" is used in the present tense to talk about present obligations, while "had to" is used for past obligations. The forms "do", "does", and "did" are used to make questions and negatives of sentences containing "have to", "has to", and "had to" respectively.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
3. Allow/ə'lɑʊ/
• verb T
• to let someone do something or let something
happen; permit
4. Allow/ə'lɑʊ/
• verb T
• to let someone do something or let something
happen; permit
• You’re not allowed to talk during the exam.
5. Allow/ə'lɑʊ/
• verb T
• to let someone do something or let something
happen; permit
• You’re not allowed to talk during the exam.
• Are you allowed in the building on weekends?
6. Allow/ə'lɑʊ/
• verb T
• to let someone do something or let something
happen; permit
• You’re not allowed to talk during the exam.
• Are you allowed in the building on weekends?
• They said they wouldn’t allow their lives to be
influenced by television.
7. Allow/ə'lɑʊ/
• verb T
• to let someone do something or let something
happen; permit
• You’re not allowed to talk during the exam.
• Are you allowed in the building on weekends?
• They said they wouldn’t allow their lives to be
influenced by television.
اجازه دادن •
26. Average/'æv·rɪdʒ, -ə·rɪdʒ/
• noun U, adjective
• USUAL STANDARD, Normal
• The quality of her work is well above average.
27. Average/'æv·rɪdʒ, -ə·rɪdʒ/
• noun U, adjective
• USUAL STANDARD, Normal
• The quality of her work is well above average.
• "Was the movie good?" "It wasn’t great, just
average."
28. Average/'æv·rɪdʒ, -ə·rɪdʒ/
• noun U, adjective
• USUAL STANDARD, Normal
• The quality of her work is well above average.
• "Was the movie good?" "It wasn’t great, just
average."
• I’m 35 and my brothers are 32 and 26, so the
average of our ages is 31.
29. Average/'æv·rɪdʒ, -ə·rɪdʒ/
• noun U, adjective
• USUAL STANDARD, Normal
• The quality of her work is well above average.
• "Was the movie good?" "It wasn’t great, just
average."
• I’m 35 and my brothers are 32 and 26, so the
average of our ages is 31.
میانگین , متوسط ,معمولی •
33. careful /'ker·fəl, kær-/
• Adjective
• giving attention to something
• Norman is a careful driver.
• Be careful about what you say to her.
34. careful /'ker·fəl, kær-/
• Adjective
• giving attention to something
• Norman is a careful driver.
• Be careful about what you say to her.
مواظب , مراقب, با احتیلط •
37. Word formation:
• Care (n) دقت, توجه
• Careful(adj) (noun+ -ful →adj) دقیق,مراقب,محتاط
38. Word formation:
• Care (n) دقت, توجه
• Careful(adj) (noun+ -ful →adj) دقیق,مراقب,محتاط
• carefully(adv) با دقت, با احتیاط
39. Word formation:
• Care (n) دقت, توجه
• Careful(adj) (noun+ -ful →adj) دقیق,مراقب,محتاط
• carefully(adv) با دقت, با احتیاط
• Careless (adj) (noun + -less → adj) بیدقت,بی توجه
40. Word formation:
• Care (n) دقت, توجه
• Careful(adj) (noun+ -ful →adj) دقیق,مراقب,محتاط
• carefully(adv) با دقت, با احتیاط
• Careless (adj) (noun + -less → adj) بیدقت,بی توجه
• Carelessly(adv) (adjective + -ly → adverb)
با بی دقتی, با بی توجهی •
41. Word formation:
• Care (n) دقت, توجه
• Careful(adj) (noun+ -ful →adj) دقیق,مراقب,محتاط
• carefully(adv) با دقت, با احتیاط
• Careless (adj) (noun + -less → adj) بیدقت,بی توجه
• Carelessly(adv) (adjective + -ly → adverb)
با بی دقتی, با بی توجهی •
• Carelessness (n) (adj + -ness →noun ) بی دقتی
46. Interest /'ɪn·trəst, 'ɪnt·ə·rəst/
• noun C/U , verb
• C: an interest in chess
• U: I lost interest halfway through the book.
• “What’s your field of interest?” “It’s
mathematics.”
47. Interest /'ɪn·trəst, 'ɪnt·ə·rəst/
• noun C/U , verb
• C: an interest in chess
• U: I lost interest halfway through the book.
• “What’s your field of interest?” “It’s
mathematics.”
• Painting has never interested me.
48. Interest /'ɪn·trəst, 'ɪnt·ə·rəst/
• noun C/U , verb
• C: an interest in chess
• U: I lost interest halfway through the book.
• “What’s your field of interest?” “It’s
mathematics.”
• Painting has never interested me.
, سود(بانکی), علقه ,دلبستگی •
49. Interest /'ɪn·trəst, 'ɪnt·ə·rəst/
• noun C/U , verb
• C: an interest in chess
• U: I lost interest halfway through the book.
• “What’s your field of interest?” “It’s
mathematics.”
• Painting has never interested me.
, سود(بانکی), علقه ,دلبستگی •
علقه مند کردن, جذب کردن •
57. behave /bɪ'heɪv
• verb I/T
• to act in a particular way, or to act in a way
that is correct
58. behave /bɪ'heɪv
• verb I/T
• to act in a particular way, or to act in a way
that is correct
• I : The teacher will instruct the students on
how it is to behave.
59. behave /bɪ'heɪv
• verb I/T
• to act in a particular way, or to act in a way
that is correct
• I : The teacher will instruct the students on
how it is to behave.
• The researchers wanted to know how families
would behave if they didn’t watch TV.
60. behave /bɪ'heɪv/
• verb I/T
• to act in a particular way, or to act in a way
that is correct
• I : The teacher will instruct the students on
how it is to behave.
• The researchers wanted to know how families
would behave if they didn’t watch TV.
رفتار کردن •
68. Case/keɪs/
• noun C
• a particular example of something
• It was a case of not knowing what to say.
69. Case/keɪs/
• noun C
• a particular example of something
• It was a case of not knowing what to say.
• She said I didn’t accept to answer the
question, but that is not the case.
70. Case/keɪs/
• noun C
• a particular example of something
• It was a case of not knowing what to say.
• She said I didn’t accept to answer the
question, but that is not the case.
• Children’s eyesight improved in several cases.
71. Case/keɪs/
• noun C
• a particular example of something
• It was a case of not knowing what to say.
• She said I didn’t accept to answer the
question, but that is not the case.
• Children’s eyesight improved in several cases.
مورد, نمونه •
75. Certain /'sɜrt· ə n/
• adjective
• KNOWING TO BE TRUE ≠ uncertain
• "I think Emily is going to pick up Judy." "Are
you certain?"
76. Certain /'sɜrt· ə n/
• adjective
• KNOWING TO BE TRUE ≠ uncertain
• "I think Emily is going to pick up Judy." "Are
you certain?"
• One thing is certain – They didn’t play well.
77. Certain /'sɜrt· ə n/
• adjective
• KNOWING TO BE TRUE ≠ uncertain
• "I think Emily is going to pick up Judy." "Are
you certain?"
• One thing is certain – They didn’t play well.
• I’m certain (that) he’ll be there.
78. Certain /'sɜrt· ə n/
• adjective
• KNOWING TO BE TRUE ≠ uncertain
• "I think Emily is going to pick up Judy." "Are
you certain?"
• One thing is certain – They didn’t play well.
• I’m certain (that) he’ll be there.
• I’m not certain how much it will cost.
79. Certain /'sɜrt· ə n/
• adjective
• KNOWING TO BE TRUE ≠ uncertain
• "I think Emily is going to pick up Judy." "Are
you certain?"
• One thing is certain – They didn’t play well.
• I’m certain (that) he’ll be there.
• I’m not certain how much it will cost.
• Sure, مطمئن ,معین ,مشخص
89. channel /ˈtʃæn· ə l/
• noun C
• a television station
• She switched to another channel to
watch the news.
90. channel /ˈtʃæn· ə l/
• noun C
• a television station
• She switched to another channel to
watch the news.
• There are 20 TV channels in Iran.
91. channel /ˈtʃæn· ə l/
• noun C
• a television station
• She switched to another channel to
watch the news.
• There are 20 TV channels in Iran.
شبکه ، کانال •
99. choose /tʃu:z/
• verb I/T
• Pt : chose , pp : chosen
• Parents can choose the schools that they want their
kids to go to.
100. choose /tʃu:z/
• verb I/T
• Pt : chose , pp : chosen
• Parents can choose the schools that they want their
kids to go to.
• There was not much to choose between them. They
are similar.
101. choose /tʃu:z/
• verb I/T
• Pt : chose , pp : chosen
• Parents can choose the schools that they want their
kids to go to.
• There was not much to choose between them. They
are similar.
• You can choose between as many as 40 different
books.
102. choose /tʃu:z/
• verb I/T
• Pt : chose , pp : chosen
• Parents can choose the schools that they want their
kids to go to.
• There was not much to choose between them. They
are similar.
• You can choose between as many as 40 different
books.
انتخاب کردن •
107. choice /tʃɔɪs/
• noun C/U:
• an act of choosing; a decision, حق انتخاب,گزینه
108. choice /tʃɔɪs/
• noun C/U:
• an act of choosing; a decision, حق انتخاب,گزینه
• a difficult/easy choice
109. choice /tʃɔɪs/
• noun C/U:
• an act of choosing; a decision, حق انتخاب,گزینه
• a difficult/easy choice
• C: Well, I still think people have a choice.
110. choice /tʃɔɪs/
• noun C/U:
• an act of choosing; a decision, حق انتخاب,گزینه
• a difficult/easy choice
• C: Well, I still think people have a choice.
• C: I asked if I could have a choice.
111. choice /tʃɔɪs/
• noun C/U:
• an act of choosing; a decision, حق انتخاب,گزینه
• a difficult/easy choice
• C: Well, I still think people have a choice.
• C: I asked if I could have a choice.
• We have no choice but to drive to the airport.
112. choice /tʃɔɪs/
• noun C/U:
• an act of choosing; a decision, حق انتخاب,گزینه
• a difficult/easy choice
• C: Well, I still think people have a choice.
• C: I asked if I could have a choice.
• We have no choice but to drive to the airport.
• They have many choices to choose from.
127. Colorful /kʌl·ər·fəl/
• Color/kʌl·ər /= رنگ
• noun U
• colourful
• adjective
• having different colors and therefore
interesting
128. Colorful /kʌl·ər·fəl/
• Color/kʌl·ər /= رنگ
• noun U
• colourful
• adjective
• having different colors and therefore
interesting
• He had bought a colorful dress for her little
daughter.
129. Colorful /kʌl·ər·fəl/
• Color/kʌl·ər /= رنگ
• noun U
• colourful
• adjective
• having different colors and therefore
interesting
• He had bought a colorful dress for her little
daughter.
رنگارنگ •
130. Word formation:
• Color ( n)
• Coloring(n) v + -ing → n
• Colorful (adj) n + -ful → adj
• Colorless(adj) n + less → adj
• Color(v)
• Colored(adj) v + -ed → adj
134. continue /kəntɪn·ju/
• verb I/T
• 1- to keep happening or to keep doing
something without stopping
135. continue /kəntɪn·ju/
• verb I/T
• 1- to keep happening or to keep doing
something without stopping
• + to do something:
• If it continues to rain, we may have to cancel
the outdoor concert.
136. continue /kəntɪn·ju/
• verb I/T
• 1- to keep happening or to keep doing
something without stopping
• + to do something:
• I will continue to say what I believe.
137. continue /kəntɪn·ju/
• verb I/T
• 1- to keep happening or to keep doing
something without stopping
• + doing something:
• They continued hoping there would be
additional survivors.
138. continue /kəntɪn·ju/
• verb I/T
• 2- You can also continue to do something or
continue doing something if you start to do it
again after a pause:
• T: After a break for lunch, they continued their
discussions.
139. Word formation:
• Continue (v) ادامه دادن
• Continual (adj) n + -al →adj تکراری,ادامه دار
• Continually(adv) adj + -ly → adv
• Continuous (adj) n + -ous → adj بی وقفه
• Continuously (adv) adj + -ly → adv
• Continuation (n) v + -ation → n ادامه,دنباله
• Continuity (n) v + ity → n تداوم
140. daily /deɪ·li/
• adjective, adverb not gradable
• happening on or relating to every day, or
every working day
• Take the pills (medicines) twice daily.
• Exercise is part of my daily routine.
روزانه •
141. among /əmʌŋ/
amongst /əmʌŋst/
• preposition
• 1- in the middle of or surrounded by:
• She felt lonely among all these strange
people.
142. among /əmʌŋ/
amongst /əmʌŋst/
• preposition
• 2- Among also means as part of a group or in
the group of people or things named:
• They talked about it among themselves.
• Among the problems we have to solve,
improving education is probably the most
difficult.
میان •
143. effect /ɪfekt/
• noun C/U
• RESULT
• the result of a particular influence; something
that happens because of something else
• C: The medicine had the effect of making me
sleepy.
144. effect /ɪfekt/
• noun C/U
• RESULT
• the result of a particular influence; something
that happens because of something else
• U: The new management actually has not had
much effect on us.
اثر,تاثیر •
145. Affect /əfekt /
• verb T
• INFLUENCE
• to have an influence on someone or
something
• The disease only affects farm animals.
• I was deeply affected by the film.
اثر گذاشتن •
146. Word formation:
• Effect ( v ,n)
• Effective ( adj) v + -ive → adj
• Effectively adv + ly → adv
• Effectiveness adj + -ness → n
• Effectual n + -al → adj
• Affect ( v )
• Affected ( adj ) v + -ed → adj
• Affectation v + -ation → n
147. influence /ɪnflu·əns/
• verb T
• to cause someone to change a behavior,
belief, or opinion, or to cause something to be
changed
• Religion can influence people’s opinion a lot.
148. influence /ɪnflu·əns/
• noun C/U
• the power to have an effect on people or
things, or someone or something having such
power
• C: The kid next door is a bad/good influence
on my little brother.
• U: She used her influence to get her son a
summer job.
تاثیر , تاثیر گذاشتن •
149. Word formation
• Influence (n,v) تاثیر, تاثیر گذاشتن
• Influential(adj) تاثیر گذار , موثر , با نفوذ
150. except /ɪksept/
• preposition, conjunction
• 1- not including; but not
• It’s cool and quiet everywhere except (for) the
kitchen.
• Everyone is here except Peter.
به جز •
151. except /ɪksept/
• preposition, conjunction
• 2- Except also means with this difference or in
this case only:
• The twins look exactly alike except (that) one
is slightly taller.
با این تفاوت •
152. except /ɪksept/
• verb T
• to not include something or someone
• When I say I didn’t like the Midwest, I except
Chicago.
استثنا کردن •
153. Word formation:
• Except (prep)=but = به جز
• Except (v)= استثنا کردن
• Excepting (prep) = به استثنای
• Exception ( n)= استثنا v + -ion → n
• Exceptional= استثنایی n + -al → adj
• Exceptionally adj + ly → adv
160. experiment /ɪksper·ə·mənt/
• noun C/U
• a test done in order to learn something or to
discover whether something works or is true
• C: His experiments were planned to find better
ways of using heat energy.
امتحان •
161. experiment /ɪksper·əment/
• verb I
• to test or to try a new way of doing something
• The school is experimenting with new teaching
methods.
• experimentation /ɪkˌsper·ə·mənˈteɪ·ʃən, -
ˌspɪr-/ noun U
امتحان کردن •
162. Word formation;
• Experiment ( n) تست, تجربه
• Experiment ( v ) تست کردن , تجربه کردن
• Experimentation ( n ) v + -ation → n آزمایش
• Experimental ( adj ) n + -al → adj , ت جربی
آزمایشی
170. future /fju:·tʃər/
• noun C/U
• time which is to come, or sth that will happen
or exist later
171. future /fju:·tʃər/
• noun C/U
• time which is to come, or something that will
happen or exist later
• What are your plans for the future?
172. future /fju:·tʃər/
• noun C/U
• time which is to come, or something that will
happen or exist later
• What are your plans for the future?
• We hope to buy a house in the near future.
173. future /fju:·tʃər/
• noun C/U
• time which is to come, or something that will
happen or exist later
• What are your plans for the future?
• We hope to buy a house in the near future.
• He faces an uncertain future.
174. future /fju:·tʃər/
• noun C/U
• time which is to come, or something that will
happen or exist later
• What are your plans for the future?
• We hope to buy a house in the near future.
• He faces an uncertain future.
• I really don’t expect any change in the near
future
175. future /fju:·tʃər/
• noun C/U
• time which is to come, or something that will
happen or exist later
• What are your plans for the future?
• We hope to buy a house in the near future.
• He faces an uncertain future.
• I really don’t expect any change in the near
future
آینده •
184. harm /hɑrm/
• noun U
• physical or other injury or damage
185. harm /hɑrm/
• noun U
• physical or other injury or damage
• She didn’t come to any harm when the car
stopped suddenly.
186. harm /hɑrm/
• noun U
• physical or other injury or damage
• She didn’t come to any harm when the car
stopped suddenly.
• Maybe Jim can help you – there’s no harm in
asking.
187. harm /hɑrm/
• noun U
• physical or other injury or damage
• She didn’t come to any harm when the car
stopped suddenly.
• Maybe Jim can help you – there’s no harm in
asking.
ضرر ، آسیب •
192. harmful /hɑrm·fəl/
• adjective
• ≠ useful
• This group of chemicals is known to be
harmful to the environment.
193. harmful /hɑrm·fəl/
• adjective
• ≠ useful
• This group of chemicals is known to be
harmful to the environment.
• Smoking is harmful for our body.
194. harmful /hɑrm·fəl/
• adjective
• ≠ useful
• This group of chemicals is known to be
harmful to the environment.
• Smoking is harmful for our body.
مضر •
195. harmless /hɑrm·ləs/
• adjective
• not able or likely to cause( make ) harm
• Some think television hurts children and others
say it is harmless.
بی ضرر •
196. Word formation:
• Harm ( v )
• Harm ( n )
• Harmful ( adj ) n + -ful → adj
• Harmless ( adj ) n + - less → adj
210. improve /ɪmpru:v/
• verb I/T
• to get better, or to make sth better
• I: Her grades have improved greatly this
semester (term).
211. improve /ɪmpru:v/
• verb I/T
• to get better, or to make sth better
• I: Her grades have improved greatly this
semester (term).
• T: He did a lot to improve conditions for
factory workers.
212. improve /ɪmpru:v/
• verb I/T
• to get better, or to make sth better
• I: Her grades have improved greatly this
semester (term).
• T: He did a lot to improve conditions for
factory workers.
بهبود یافتن ، اصلح کردن ، اصلح شدن •
213. improvement /ɪmpru:v·mənt/
• noun C/U
• C: We made some improvements to the house
before selling it.
• U: There’s been no improvement in his
condition
216. movie /mu:·vi/
• noun C
• 1- a series of moving pictures, often telling a
story, usually shown in a theater or on
television; film
217. movie /mu:·vi/
• noun C
• 1- a series of moving pictures, often telling a
story, usually shown in a theater or on
television; film
• 2- A movie theater is a building in which
movies are shown.
218. movie /mu:·vi/
• noun C
• 1- a series of moving pictures, often telling a
story, usually shown in a theater or on
television; film
• 2- A movie theater is a building in which
movies are shown.
فیلم ، سالن نمایش فیلم •
233. observe /əbzɜrv/
• verb T
• to watch something or someone carefully
• Notice, Remark, Examine, Obey
234. observe /əbzɜrv/
• verb T
• to watch something or someone carefully
• Notice, Remark, Examine, Obey
• In their trip, the students observed how a
newspaper was put together.
235. observe /əbzɜrv/
• verb T
• to watch something or someone carefully
• Notice, Remark, Examine, Obey
• In their trip, the students observed how a
newspaper was put together.
مشاهده کردن •
236. Word formation
• observe /əbzɜrv/ verb T
• observation /ɑb·zərveɪ·ʃən/ noun C/U
مشاهده ، نتیجه •
• observer /əbzɜr·vər/ noun C
242. twice /twɑɪs/
• adverb
• two times
• Take the medicine twice a day.
243. twice /twɑɪs/
• adverb
• two times
• Take the medicine twice a day.
• I’ve already asked him twice.
244. twice /twɑɪs/
• adverb
• two times
• Take the medicine twice a day.
• I’ve already asked him twice.
دو بار •
245. Similar words:
• Once = one time
• Twice = two times
• three times
• Four times
• .
• .
• .
246. once /wʌns/
• adverb , conjunction
• in the past, but not now, as soon as, or when
• I lived in Milwaukee once.
• Computers are much cheaper now than they
once were.
• Once you’ve tried their ice cream, you’ll be
back for more.
247. at once
• IDIOMS
• immediately, at the same time
• You have to call him at once .
• Everything happened at once – she graduated,
got a job, and got married, all in June!
فوری ، همزمان •
251. period /pɪr·i·əd/
• noun C
• a length of time, a particular time
• The study will be carried out(done) over a six-month
period.
252. period /pɪr·i·əd/
• noun C
• a length of time, a particular time
• The study will be carried out(done) over a six-month
period.
• There was no scoring in the second period.
253. period /pɪr·i·əd/
• noun C
• a length of time, a particular time
• The study will be carried out(done) over a six-month
period.
• There was no scoring in the second period.
دوره زمانی •
256. power /pɑʊ·ər/
• noun U
• the ability or right to control people, strength
257. power /pɑʊ·ər/
• noun U
• the ability or right to control people, strength
• Push the power to turn on the computer.
258. power /pɑʊ·ər/
• noun U
• the ability or right to control people, strength
• Push the power to turn on the computer.
نیرو, قدرت •
259. power /pɑʊ·ər/
• noun U
• the ability or right to control people, strength
• Push the power to turn on the computer.
نیرو, قدرت •
• powerful /pɑʊ·ər·fəl/ adjective
260. power /pɑʊ·ər/
• noun U
• the ability or right to control people, strength
• Push the power to turn on the computer.
نیرو, قدرت •
• powerful /pɑʊ·ər·fəl/ adjective
• having a lot of power = strong
261. power /pɑʊ·ər/
• noun U
• the ability or right to control people, strength
• Push the power to turn on the computer.
نیرو, قدرت •
• powerful /pɑʊ·ər·fəl/ adjective
• having a lot of power = strong
• He is a good swimmer. He has powerful arms.
262. Word formation:
• Empower (v)
• Power (n , v )
• Powerful (adj)
• Powerless( adj )
• Powerfully( adv )
266. practice /præk·təs/
• noun C/U / verb T
• esp. Canadian, British practise
• something that is usually done, often as a
habit
267. practice /præk·təs/
• noun C/U / verb T
• esp. Canadian, British practise
• something that is usually done, often as a
habit
• U: It was his usual practice to buy a
newspaper every morning on the way to the
office.
268. practice /præk·təs/
• noun C/U / verb T
• esp. Canadian, British practise
• something that is usually done, often as a
habit
• U: It was his usual practice to buy a
newspaper every morning on the way to the
office.
تمرین کردن •
271. pressure /preʃ·ər/
• noun C/U
• a strong influence on an organization or
person
272. pressure /preʃ·ər/
• noun C/U
• a strong influence on an organization or
person
• C: Social pressures will force the company to
sell off its factories.
273. pressure /preʃ·ər/
• noun C/U
• a strong influence on an organization or
person
• C: Social pressures will force the company to
sell off its factories.
• U: They put a lot of pressure on him to leave
the job.
274. pressure /preʃ·ər/
• noun C/U
• a strong influence on an organization or
person
• C: Social pressures will force the company to
sell off its factories.
• U: They put a lot of pressure on him to leave
the job.
فشار، تاثیر •
278. probable /prɑb·ə·bəl /
• adjective
• likely to be true or likely to happen , maybe
• The doctor said that the most probable
cause(reason) of death was smoking.
279. probable /prɑb·ə·bəl /
• adjective
• likely to be true or likely to happen , maybe
• The doctor said that the most probable
cause(reason) of death was smoking.
محتمل •
280. Other forms
• probable /prɑb·ə·bəl /adjective
• probably /prɑb·ə·bli/ adverb
• probability /prɑb·əbɪl·ət·̬i /noun C/U
• the likelihood of something happening or
being true
283. recent /ri:·sənt /
• adjective
• having happened or having been done a short
time ago, new = تازه ، اخیر ، نو
284. recent /ri:·sənt /
• adjective
• having happened or having been done a short
time ago, new = تازه ، اخیر ، نو
• He sent me a copy of his most recent story.
285. recent /ri:·sənt /
• adjective
• having happened or having been done a short
time ago, new = تازه ، اخیر ، نو
• He sent me a copy of his most recent story.
• A recent study shows that most of the country-music
audience(listeners) is women.
286. recent /ri:·sənt /
• adjective
• having happened or having been done a short
time ago, new = تازه ، اخیر ، نو
• He sent me a copy of his most recent story.
• A recent study shows that most of the country-music
audience(listeners) is women.
• recently /ri:·sənt·li/ adverb= به تازگی ، اخیرا
287. recent /ri:·sənt /
• adjective
• having happened or having been done a short
time ago, new = تازه ، اخیر ، نو
• He sent me a copy of his most recent story.
• A recent study shows that most of the country-music
audience(listeners) is women.
• recently /ri:·sənt·li/ adverb= به تازگی ، اخیرا
• To find out, an usual experiment was done
recently.
290. relax /rɪlæks/
• verb I/T
• to become calm and comfortable, and not
worried , rest
291. relax /rɪlæks/
• verb I/T
• to become calm and comfortable, and not
worried , rest
• You’ve got plenty of time. Why don’t you sit
down and relax?
292. relax /rɪlæks/
• verb I/T
• to become calm and comfortable, and not
worried , rest
• You’ve got plenty of time. Why don’t you sit
down and relax?
• T: This exercise will help you to relax your neck
muscles.
293. relax /rɪlæks/
• verb I/T
• to become calm and comfortable, and not
worried , rest
• You’ve got plenty of time. Why don’t you sit
down and relax?
• T: This exercise will help you to relax your neck
muscles.
استراحت کردن ، آرام شدن •
294. Word formation
• relax /rɪlæks/ verb I/T
• relaxation /ri:lækseɪ·ʃən/ noun U
• relaxed /rɪlækst/ adjective
• comfortable and informal
• When he saw his son, he was relaxed.
298. research /ri:·sɜrtʃ, rɪsɜrtʃ/
• noun U / verb I/T
• a study of a subject to discover new things
• medical/scientific research
299. research /ri:·sɜrtʃ, rɪsɜrtʃ/
• noun U / verb I/T
• a study of a subject to discover new things
• medical/scientific research
• I like doing research.
300. research /ri:·sɜrtʃ, rɪsɜrtʃ/
• noun U / verb I/T
• a study of a subject to discover new things
• medical/scientific research
• I like doing research.
• T: Obviously(clearly) they didn’t research it
and get enough information.
301. research /ri:·sɜrtʃ, rɪsɜrtʃ/
• noun U / verb I/T
• a study of a subject to discover new things
• medical/scientific research
• I like doing research.
• T: Obviously(clearly) they didn’t research it
and get enough information.
تحقیق ، تحقیق کردن •
302. research /ri:·sɜrtʃ, rɪsɜrtʃ/
• noun U / verb I/T
• a study of a subject to discover new things
• medical/scientific research
• I like doing research.
• T: Obviously(clearly) they didn’t research it
and get enough information.
تحقیق ، تحقیق کردن •
• researcher /ri:sɜr·tʃər/ noun C = محقق
306. single /sɪŋ·gəl/
• adjective ,
• ONE: one only
• A single customer was left in the shop.
307. single /sɪŋ·gəl/
• adjective ,
• ONE: one only
• A single customer was left in the shop.
• Compare: double TWICE
308. single /sɪŋ·gəl/
• adjective ,
• ONE: one only
• A single customer was left in the shop.
• Compare: double TWICE
• 2- A single bed is a bed for one person.
309. single /sɪŋ·gəl/
• adjective ,
• ONE: one only
• A single customer was left in the shop.
• Compare: double TWICE
• 2- A single bed is a bed for one person.
یک •
312. skill /skɪl/
• noun C/U
• a special ability to do something= مهارت
313. skill /skɪl/
• noun C/U
• a special ability to do something= مهارت
• skillful /skɪl·fəl/ adjective
314. skill /skɪl/
• noun C/U
• a special ability to do something= مهارت
• skillful /skɪl·fəl/ adjective
• Good at doing sth= ماهر
315. skill /skɪl/
• noun C/U
• a special ability to do something= مهارت
• skillful /skɪl·fəl/ adjective
• Good at doing sth= ماهر
• Kraft was a skillful composer(music writer).
316. skill /skɪl/
• noun C/U
• a special ability to do something= مهارت
• skillful /skɪl·fəl/ adjective
• Good at doing sth= ماهر
• Kraft was a skillful composer(music writer).
• skillfully /skɪl·fə·li /adverb= ماهرانه
317. skill /skɪl/
• noun C/U
• a special ability to do something= مهارت
• skillful /skɪl·fəl/ adjective
• Good at doing sth= ماهر
• Kraft was a skillful composer(music writer).
• skillfully /skɪl·fə·li /adverb= ماهرانه
• Some students are unable to use dictionaries
skillfully.
321. sport /spɔ:rt/
• noun C/U
• a game, competition, or similar activity, done
for enjoyment or as a job,
322. sport /spɔ:rt/
• noun C/U
• a game, competition, or similar activity, done
for enjoyment or as a job,
• C: Football, baseball, and basketball are all
team sports.
323. sport /spɔ:rt/
• noun C/U
• a game, competition, or similar activity, done
for enjoyment or as a job,
• C: Football, baseball, and basketball are all
team sports.
• U: Do you fish for sport or in order to eat?
324. sport /spɔ:rt/
• noun C/U
• a game, competition, or similar activity, done
for enjoyment or as a job,
• C: Football, baseball, and basketball are all
team sports.
• U: Do you fish for sport or in order to eat?
ورزش •
327. struggle /strʌg·əl/
• verb I / noun C
• to fight, esp. physically, to work hard to do
something =جروبحث کردن
328. struggle /strʌg·əl/
• verb I / noun C
• to fight, esp. physically, to work hard to do
something =جروبحث کردن
• Both men were arrested after their struggle in
the street.
329. struggle /strʌg·əl/
• verb I / noun C
• to fight, esp. physically, to work hard to do
something =جروبحث کردن
• Both men were arrested after their struggle in
the street.
• He struggled with his cousin, and his uncle had
to step in to calm things down.
330. struggle /strʌg·əl/
• verb I / noun C
• to fight, esp. physically, to work hard to do
something =جروبحث کردن
• Both men were arrested after their struggle in
the street.
• He struggled with his cousin, and his uncle had
to step in to calm things down.
• Struggle on = continue to do sth hough it is
difficult
335. test /test/
• noun C
• a set of questions or practical activities that
show what someone knows or what someone
or something can do or is like:
336. test /test/
• noun C
• a set of questions or practical activities that
show what someone knows or what someone
or something can do or is like:
• medical examination
337. test /test/
• noun C
• a set of questions or practical activities that
show what someone knows or what someone
or something can do or is like:
• medical examination
• spelling test / an eye test / a DNA test
338. test /test/
• noun C
• a set of questions or practical activities that
show what someone knows or what someone
or something can do or is like:
• medical examination
• spelling test / an eye test / a DNA test
• a safety test / a car test on a road
339. test /test/
• noun C
• a set of questions or practical activities that
show what someone knows or what someone
or something can do or is like:
• medical examination
• spelling test / an eye test / a DNA test
• a safety test / a car test on a road
امتحان ، معاینه ، تست •
340. A point:
• Take a test = take an exam
• Give a test ( an exam )
• A students takes a test ( an exam) and a
teacher gives a test ( an exam )
341. television /tel·əvɪʒ·ən/
• TV noun C/U
• 1- a large box with a viewing screen which
receives electrical signals, the programs that
you watch,
• Is there anything interesting on television ?
• Your problem is that you watch too much TV.
• C: Most homes have televisions.
(تلویزیون(دستگاه) ، تلویزیون( برنامه آن •
342. set /set/
• noun C
• a television = دستگاه
I walked in the room and turned off the set.
346. Theater/θi:·ət·̬ər, θi:et·̬ər/
• theatre noun C
• a building, room from which people can watch
a movie or another activity
• Lincoln Plaza Cinema has five movie theaters.
347. Theater/θi:·ət·̬ər, θi:et·̬ər/
• theatre noun C
• a building, room from which people can watch
a movie or another activity
• Lincoln Plaza Cinema has five movie theaters.
(تئاتر(سالن)، تئاتر ( هنر •
351. Type/tɑɪp/
• noun C
• = kind = sort = form
• I’m more comfortable in jeans and T-shirts,
and that type of thing.
352. Type/tɑɪp/
• noun C
• = kind = sort = form
• I’m more comfortable in jeans and T-shirts,
and that type of thing.
• We have makeup for all different types of skin.
353. Type/tɑɪp/
• noun C
• = kind = sort = form
• I’m more comfortable in jeans and T-shirts,
and that type of thing.
• We have makeup for all different types of skin.
نوع •
354. type /tɑɪp/
• verb I/T
• to write using a keyboard
• I: I never learned how to type.
• T: He typed the report yesterday.
355. unusual /ʌnju·ʒə·wəl/
• adjective
• not usual = special
• different from what is usual or common
• I was actually on time, which is unusual for
me.
غیر معمول ، ویژه •
356. unusually /ʌnju·ʒə·wə·li/
• adverb
• in a way or to a degree that is different from
what is usual or expected
• We had unusually warm weather in
December.
• There is no evidence of unusually high rates of
disease.
370. weak /wi:k/
• adjective -er/-est only
• lacking strength or energy, not strong
371. weak /wi:k/
• adjective -er/-est only
• lacking strength or energy, not strong
• After having been so sick, it’s not surprising
you still feel weak.
372. weak /wi:k/
• adjective -er/-est only
• lacking strength or energy, not strong
• After having been so sick, it’s not surprising
you still feel weak.
• The coffee was weak and tasteless
373. weak /wi:k/
• adjective -er/-est only
• lacking strength or energy, not strong
• After having been so sick, it’s not surprising
you still feel weak.
• The coffee was weak and tasteless
• That old chair is very weak and needs gluing.
374. weak /wi:k/
• adjective -er/-est only
• lacking strength or energy, not strong
• After having been so sick, it’s not surprising
you still feel weak.
• The coffee was weak and tasteless
• That old chair is very weak and needs gluing.
ضعیف ، کم رنگ , رقیق •
375. Word formation
• weak /wi:k/ adjective -er/-est
• weakly /wi:·kli/ adverb adj + ly → adv
• weakness /wi:k·nəs/ noun C/U adj + ness → n
• weaken /wi:·kən/ verb I/T adj + en → verb
• Make weak
378. wonder /wʌn·dər/
• noun C/U / verb
• a feeling of great surprise, ask oneself,
379. wonder /wʌn·dər/
• noun C/U / verb
• a feeling of great surprise, ask oneself,
• U: People simply stared at her in wonder.
380. wonder /wʌn·dər/
• noun C/U / verb
• a feeling of great surprise, ask oneself,
• U: People simply stared at her in wonder.
• C: She’s a wonder!
381. wonder /wʌn·dər/
• noun C/U / verb
• a feeling of great surprise, ask oneself,
• U: People simply stared at her in wonder.
• C: She’s a wonder!
• U: If you didn’t study, no wonder you failed the
test.
382. wonder /wʌn·dər/
• noun C/U / verb
• a feeling of great surprise, ask oneself,
• U: People simply stared at her in wonder.
• C: She’s a wonder!
• U: If you didn’t study, no wonder you failed the
test.
شگفتی ، شگفت زده شدن ، از خود پرسیدن •
383. Word formation
• wonder /wʌn·dər/ noun C/U / verb
• wonderful /wʌn·dər·fəl/ adjective
• extremely good, Surprising
• wonderfully /wʌn·dər·fə·li /adverb
• Becoming a father was the most wonderful
experience of my life.
• His skill in reading is wonderful for his age.
387. worry /wʌ·ri/
• verb I/T
• to think about problems
• I: My mother always worries about me when I
don’t come home by midnight.
388. worry /wʌ·ri/
• verb I/T
• to think about problems
• I: My mother always worries about me when I
don’t come home by midnight.
• I: "Will you be all right walking home?" "Don’t
worry – I’ll be fine.“
389. worry /wʌ·ri/
• verb I/T
• to think about problems
• I: My mother always worries about me when I
don’t come home by midnight.
• I: "Will you be all right walking home?" "Don’t
worry – I’ll be fine.“
نگران بودن , نگران شدن •
393. worried /wʌ·rid/
• adjective
• Not relaxed= نگران , مضطرب
• We were very worried when he did not answer
his phone.
394. worried /wʌ·rid/
• adjective
• Not relaxed= نگران , مضطرب
• We were very worried when he did not answer
his phone.
• She had a worried look on her face.
395. worried /wʌ·rid/
• adjective
• Not relaxed= نگران , مضطرب
• We were very worried when he did not answer
his phone.
• She had a worried look on her face.
نگران ، مضطرب •