The document defines several words related to children and gardening. It defines plant as a noun referring to trees, flowers, and other vegetation. It defines pretty as an adjective meaning beautiful. It also defines other words like little, alone, love, when, kindergarten, pay, grow, and become older. It provides examples of how each word is used in sentences.
This document contains definitions and examples for several English words related to plants, nature, and family relationships. It defines words like "plant", "pretty", "world", "Germany", "little", "alone", "love", "when", "kindergarten", "pay", "grow", "become", and "die". It provides simple sentences to illustrate how each word is used including talking about plants, flowers, children, families, countries, and aging.
The document discusses different tenses in English grammar:
- It describes the four present tenses, four past tenses, and four future tenses.
- Examples are provided to demonstrate how to form and use the present simple tense, present continuous tense, and present perfect tense.
- Key uses of different verbs like "be", "have", "can", "should" and "must" are explained in the present simple tense.
- Question formations and negative forms are also covered for selected tenses.
The document discusses English grammar concepts including pronouns, adjectives, modal verbs, and verb tenses. It provides examples of subject and object pronouns, possessive pronouns, adjectives pronouns, and modal verbs. It also outlines rules for affirmative, negative, and interrogative forms of the present simple, past simple, present perfect, past perfect, present continuous, past continuous, future, and future time tenses.
The document discusses phrasal verbs, which are verb phrases consisting of a verb and a preposition or adverb. It provides examples of different types of phrasal verbs, including intransitive phrasal verbs that cannot take an object, transitive phrasal verbs that can take an object, separable phrasal verbs where the object goes between the verb and particle, and inseparable phrasal verbs where the object follows the particle. It also notes some phrasal verbs that can be both separable and inseparable. The document aims to help readers understand and properly use different types of phrasal verbs.
This document discusses modal verbs and their uses in English. It covers:
1. General characteristics of modal verbs like having no infinitives or past participles.
2. Uses of modal verbs to express ability, possibility, deduction, obligation, advice and necessity. Common modal verbs and their meanings are defined.
3. Examples are provided to illustrate the uses and differences between modal verbs like can, could, may, must, should and have to.
Conditional sentences contain two clauses: a condition clause (if-clause) and a result clause. There are four types of conditional sentences: zero conditional for facts, first conditional for probable future events, second conditional for unlikely events, and third conditional for hypothetical past events. Mixed conditionals combine elements of different conditionals. Alternative constructions include "unless", "otherwise", and "wish/if only".
The document discusses the use of the present continuous tense to talk about future plans. It explains that the present continuous can be used to refer to actions happening now or planned for the future, with the difference being the time expression used. Examples are provided showing questions using the present continuous to ask about future plans and responses using it to express planned future actions, even without an explicit time expression due to context.
The document discusses conjugations of common English verbs like go, have, be, play, clean, give, eat, take, and see in their present, past, future, perfect, progressive, and other tenses. For each verb, it lists the conjugations in the first, second, and third person singular and plural (I, you, he/she/it, we, you, they).
This document contains definitions and examples for several English words related to plants, nature, and family relationships. It defines words like "plant", "pretty", "world", "Germany", "little", "alone", "love", "when", "kindergarten", "pay", "grow", "become", and "die". It provides simple sentences to illustrate how each word is used including talking about plants, flowers, children, families, countries, and aging.
The document discusses different tenses in English grammar:
- It describes the four present tenses, four past tenses, and four future tenses.
- Examples are provided to demonstrate how to form and use the present simple tense, present continuous tense, and present perfect tense.
- Key uses of different verbs like "be", "have", "can", "should" and "must" are explained in the present simple tense.
- Question formations and negative forms are also covered for selected tenses.
The document discusses English grammar concepts including pronouns, adjectives, modal verbs, and verb tenses. It provides examples of subject and object pronouns, possessive pronouns, adjectives pronouns, and modal verbs. It also outlines rules for affirmative, negative, and interrogative forms of the present simple, past simple, present perfect, past perfect, present continuous, past continuous, future, and future time tenses.
The document discusses phrasal verbs, which are verb phrases consisting of a verb and a preposition or adverb. It provides examples of different types of phrasal verbs, including intransitive phrasal verbs that cannot take an object, transitive phrasal verbs that can take an object, separable phrasal verbs where the object goes between the verb and particle, and inseparable phrasal verbs where the object follows the particle. It also notes some phrasal verbs that can be both separable and inseparable. The document aims to help readers understand and properly use different types of phrasal verbs.
This document discusses modal verbs and their uses in English. It covers:
1. General characteristics of modal verbs like having no infinitives or past participles.
2. Uses of modal verbs to express ability, possibility, deduction, obligation, advice and necessity. Common modal verbs and their meanings are defined.
3. Examples are provided to illustrate the uses and differences between modal verbs like can, could, may, must, should and have to.
Conditional sentences contain two clauses: a condition clause (if-clause) and a result clause. There are four types of conditional sentences: zero conditional for facts, first conditional for probable future events, second conditional for unlikely events, and third conditional for hypothetical past events. Mixed conditionals combine elements of different conditionals. Alternative constructions include "unless", "otherwise", and "wish/if only".
The document discusses the use of the present continuous tense to talk about future plans. It explains that the present continuous can be used to refer to actions happening now or planned for the future, with the difference being the time expression used. Examples are provided showing questions using the present continuous to ask about future plans and responses using it to express planned future actions, even without an explicit time expression due to context.
The document discusses conjugations of common English verbs like go, have, be, play, clean, give, eat, take, and see in their present, past, future, perfect, progressive, and other tenses. For each verb, it lists the conjugations in the first, second, and third person singular and plural (I, you, he/she/it, we, you, they).
The document contains definitions and examples for several English words related to children and plants. It defines words like "plant", "pretty", "world", "little", "alone", "love", "when", "kindergarten", "pay", "grow", and "grow up". It provides the part of speech and definitions in both English and another language for each word. Examples are included to illustrate the meaning and proper usage of the words.
This document defines the word "speech" and provides several meanings:
1. The ability to talk or the activity of talking
2. The way of talking
3. The language used when talking
4. A formal talk given to a large group of people on a special occasion
It also gives examples of using "speech" and provides translations in another language.
The document provides vocabulary words related to drawing, foreign languages, and restaurant terms. It defines the words "draw", "foreign", "finally", "try", "understand", "order", "let's", "Frenchman", "United States of America", "American", "mushroom", and "waiter". It provides the pronunciation, part of speech, definition, and examples for each word.
The document defines several words related to speech, communication, and emotions. It defines speech as the ability to talk, the language used in talking, and formal talks given to large groups. It also defines public as all the people in a place or country. Other words defined include overcome, meaning to defeat or control something; nervous, meaning worried or frightened; and anxiety, meaning an uncomfortable feeling of worry. Examples are provided for several of the definitions.
The document contains definitions and examples for several English words:
- Above is defined as an adverb or preposition meaning higher than, more than, or at a level greater than. Examples include "The kettle was above the fire."
- At all is defined as an adverb meaning in any way or of any type. Examples include "I don’t like him at all" and "He’s had no food at all."
- Last is defined as final or at last meaning finally. An example is "He tried hard and at last he could solve the problem."
The document provides part of speech, definitions, transliterations and examples for each word defined. It appears to
The document provides examples and explanations of grammar concepts for the past simple tense in English, including the past forms of regular and irregular verbs. It discusses the past simple forms of be (was/were) and provides affirmative, negative, and interrogative examples. It also provides examples of using the past simple tense to talk about completed actions in the past, as well as spelling rules for forming the past of regular verbs. Several vocabulary lists related to travel, hobbies, family and daily activities are also included.
The document provides examples and explanations of grammar concepts for the past simple tense in English, including the past forms of regular and irregular verbs. It discusses the past simple forms of be (was/were) and provides affirmative, negative, and interrogative examples. It also provides examples of using regular past simple verbs and lists common irregular past verbs. Additionally, it includes vocabulary related to travel, family, hobbies, and other topics. Sample sentences demonstrate using past simple verbs in different contexts.
The document contains definitions and examples for several English words:
- Global means relating to the whole world. It defines global as an adjective and provides an example using it.
- Warm means to rise to a higher temperature or cause something else to rise in temperature. It gives examples of warming hands and water.
- Concern can be a noun meaning a worried feeling or state of anxiety, and a verb meaning to trouble someone with anxiety. It gives examples of both the noun and verb uses.
The document provides an overview of intermediate level English grammar concepts including:
- Using "some" vs. "any"
- Prepositions of place like "in", "to", "on", "at"
- Articles "a", "an", "the"
- The verb "like"
- Irregular past tense verbs
- Pronouns like subject, object, possessive, and demonstrative pronouns.
The document contains vocabulary words from 8 units: My Friends, Making Arrangements, At Home, Our Past, Study Habits, The Young Pioneers Club, My Neighborhood, and Country Life and City Life. The words cover a range of topics from personal relationships and habits to home, school, community, and rural vs urban environments. Definitions and examples are provided for each word.
This document defines and describes English diphthongs. It explains that a diphthong is a glide between two vowel sounds. There are two types of English diphthongs: closing diphthongs that move from an open to a closed vowel, and centering diphthongs that move towards a schwa sound. It provides examples of common diphthongs like /eɪ/ in "day" and /ɑɪ/ in "time", and explains their phonetic production and spellings in words.
This document provides guidance on using the auxiliary verbs DO, BE, and HAVE by explaining which ones to use in different contexts such as verb bases, perfect tenses, possessions, verb + ing, nouns/pronouns, adjectives, and prepositions. It then provides examples of positive sentences, negative sentences, and questions using the different auxiliaries and allows the reader to practice forming their own sentences in each category.
The document discusses various aspects of connected speech in English phonology, including:
- Weak forms of words being pronounced more quickly and at lower volume than stressed syllables.
- Assimilation processes where sounds modify each other when they meet, such as /t/ becoming /k/ before velars.
- Elision of sounds in consonant clusters and unstressed syllables.
- Linking and intrusion of sounds between words, such as intrusive /r/ between vowels for some accents.
This document provides an introduction to useful language for greetings, the alphabet, nationalities, verb be, school supplies, numbers, and there is/there are. It begins with welcoming the learner and outlining the topics that will be covered. The document then provides material on each topic, including examples of greetings and their responses, the English alphabet, asking and stating nationality, conjugations and examples of the verb "to be", common school supplies, cardinal and ordinal numbers, and the structures of there is/there are. It concludes with a short listening comprehension activity involving a conversation between students where they introduce themselves and ask each other questions.
The document provides an introduction to basic Thai language structures including greetings, personal pronouns, question words, and expressions for "yes", "no" and "thank you". It explains rules for polite speech as well as sample dialogues demonstrating greetings and asking how someone is feeling. Key points covered are the different first person pronouns used by males and females, levels of formality when addressing others, and common responses to yes/no questions.
This document discusses affixes, which are letters or sounds added to words to change their meaning or use. It provides examples of prefixes, which are added to the beginning of words, and suffixes, which are added to the end. Some common prefixes are un-, mis-, ex-, and re-, and some common suffixes are -ness, -ly, -ment, and -ful. The document also provides rules for adding prefixes and suffixes, such as dropping final e's or doubling final consonants.
The document provides information about the schwa sound in English pronunciation:
- The schwa is the most common vowel sound in English and occurs in unstressed syllables. It helps make spoken English sound more natural and fluent.
- The schwa sound can be represented by any vowel letter and its pronunciation depends on whether the syllable is stressed. It is a weak, relaxed vowel sound.
- Examples are given of words containing the schwa sound spelled with different vowel letters. Function words like prepositions often contain a schwa.
- Suffixes like -er and -or at the end of words usually have a schwa pronunciation in British English. Tongue twisters are provided to
The document provides an overview of Spanish grammar topics including:
- Verb conjugations in the present, stem changers, irregular verbs like "saber" vs "conocer"
- Reflexive verbs, se impersonal verbs, verbs like "gustar"
- Imperfect tense, preterite tense, irregular preterite verbs
- Comparatives and superlatives, future tense
It covers a wide range of foundational grammar concepts in Spanish for students to learn.
The document defines and provides examples of the word "labor". It states that labor is noun referring to practical work, especially work involving physical effort. Examples provided show labor referring to work done by workers or the work involved in manufacturing or repairing items. The document also gives definitions for related words like laborer, laborious, and discusses labor as both a count and uncount noun.
This document contains a pronunciation assignment from a university course. It includes exercises on identifying and producing English vowel sounds through charts, word lists, and transcriptions. Students are asked to analyze vowel sounds in context, provide phonetic transcriptions, identify rhyming words, and complete other pronunciation activities and assessments. The assignment aims to improve students' understanding and mastery of English vowel sounds and phonetic transcription.
The document discusses structures used to talk about possibilities or probabilities regarding actions that may have occurred in the past. It states that the structure "May/might + have + past participle" is used to indicate something was possible or probable, but the speaker is not certain. Several examples are given using this structure to speculate about possible past actions when the facts are unclear.
This document contains vocabulary words and their definitions from an English lesson. It includes words such as:
- According to - a preposition meaning as stated by
- Banana - a long, curved fruit with yellow skin and soft flesh
- Cage - a structure with bars or wires for keeping pets or housing animals
The document contains definitions and examples for several English words related to children and plants. It defines words like "plant", "pretty", "world", "little", "alone", "love", "when", "kindergarten", "pay", "grow", and "grow up". It provides the part of speech and definitions in both English and another language for each word. Examples are included to illustrate the meaning and proper usage of the words.
This document defines the word "speech" and provides several meanings:
1. The ability to talk or the activity of talking
2. The way of talking
3. The language used when talking
4. A formal talk given to a large group of people on a special occasion
It also gives examples of using "speech" and provides translations in another language.
The document provides vocabulary words related to drawing, foreign languages, and restaurant terms. It defines the words "draw", "foreign", "finally", "try", "understand", "order", "let's", "Frenchman", "United States of America", "American", "mushroom", and "waiter". It provides the pronunciation, part of speech, definition, and examples for each word.
The document defines several words related to speech, communication, and emotions. It defines speech as the ability to talk, the language used in talking, and formal talks given to large groups. It also defines public as all the people in a place or country. Other words defined include overcome, meaning to defeat or control something; nervous, meaning worried or frightened; and anxiety, meaning an uncomfortable feeling of worry. Examples are provided for several of the definitions.
The document contains definitions and examples for several English words:
- Above is defined as an adverb or preposition meaning higher than, more than, or at a level greater than. Examples include "The kettle was above the fire."
- At all is defined as an adverb meaning in any way or of any type. Examples include "I don’t like him at all" and "He’s had no food at all."
- Last is defined as final or at last meaning finally. An example is "He tried hard and at last he could solve the problem."
The document provides part of speech, definitions, transliterations and examples for each word defined. It appears to
The document provides examples and explanations of grammar concepts for the past simple tense in English, including the past forms of regular and irregular verbs. It discusses the past simple forms of be (was/were) and provides affirmative, negative, and interrogative examples. It also provides examples of using the past simple tense to talk about completed actions in the past, as well as spelling rules for forming the past of regular verbs. Several vocabulary lists related to travel, hobbies, family and daily activities are also included.
The document provides examples and explanations of grammar concepts for the past simple tense in English, including the past forms of regular and irregular verbs. It discusses the past simple forms of be (was/were) and provides affirmative, negative, and interrogative examples. It also provides examples of using regular past simple verbs and lists common irregular past verbs. Additionally, it includes vocabulary related to travel, family, hobbies, and other topics. Sample sentences demonstrate using past simple verbs in different contexts.
The document contains definitions and examples for several English words:
- Global means relating to the whole world. It defines global as an adjective and provides an example using it.
- Warm means to rise to a higher temperature or cause something else to rise in temperature. It gives examples of warming hands and water.
- Concern can be a noun meaning a worried feeling or state of anxiety, and a verb meaning to trouble someone with anxiety. It gives examples of both the noun and verb uses.
The document provides an overview of intermediate level English grammar concepts including:
- Using "some" vs. "any"
- Prepositions of place like "in", "to", "on", "at"
- Articles "a", "an", "the"
- The verb "like"
- Irregular past tense verbs
- Pronouns like subject, object, possessive, and demonstrative pronouns.
The document contains vocabulary words from 8 units: My Friends, Making Arrangements, At Home, Our Past, Study Habits, The Young Pioneers Club, My Neighborhood, and Country Life and City Life. The words cover a range of topics from personal relationships and habits to home, school, community, and rural vs urban environments. Definitions and examples are provided for each word.
This document defines and describes English diphthongs. It explains that a diphthong is a glide between two vowel sounds. There are two types of English diphthongs: closing diphthongs that move from an open to a closed vowel, and centering diphthongs that move towards a schwa sound. It provides examples of common diphthongs like /eɪ/ in "day" and /ɑɪ/ in "time", and explains their phonetic production and spellings in words.
This document provides guidance on using the auxiliary verbs DO, BE, and HAVE by explaining which ones to use in different contexts such as verb bases, perfect tenses, possessions, verb + ing, nouns/pronouns, adjectives, and prepositions. It then provides examples of positive sentences, negative sentences, and questions using the different auxiliaries and allows the reader to practice forming their own sentences in each category.
The document discusses various aspects of connected speech in English phonology, including:
- Weak forms of words being pronounced more quickly and at lower volume than stressed syllables.
- Assimilation processes where sounds modify each other when they meet, such as /t/ becoming /k/ before velars.
- Elision of sounds in consonant clusters and unstressed syllables.
- Linking and intrusion of sounds between words, such as intrusive /r/ between vowels for some accents.
This document provides an introduction to useful language for greetings, the alphabet, nationalities, verb be, school supplies, numbers, and there is/there are. It begins with welcoming the learner and outlining the topics that will be covered. The document then provides material on each topic, including examples of greetings and their responses, the English alphabet, asking and stating nationality, conjugations and examples of the verb "to be", common school supplies, cardinal and ordinal numbers, and the structures of there is/there are. It concludes with a short listening comprehension activity involving a conversation between students where they introduce themselves and ask each other questions.
The document provides an introduction to basic Thai language structures including greetings, personal pronouns, question words, and expressions for "yes", "no" and "thank you". It explains rules for polite speech as well as sample dialogues demonstrating greetings and asking how someone is feeling. Key points covered are the different first person pronouns used by males and females, levels of formality when addressing others, and common responses to yes/no questions.
This document discusses affixes, which are letters or sounds added to words to change their meaning or use. It provides examples of prefixes, which are added to the beginning of words, and suffixes, which are added to the end. Some common prefixes are un-, mis-, ex-, and re-, and some common suffixes are -ness, -ly, -ment, and -ful. The document also provides rules for adding prefixes and suffixes, such as dropping final e's or doubling final consonants.
The document provides information about the schwa sound in English pronunciation:
- The schwa is the most common vowel sound in English and occurs in unstressed syllables. It helps make spoken English sound more natural and fluent.
- The schwa sound can be represented by any vowel letter and its pronunciation depends on whether the syllable is stressed. It is a weak, relaxed vowel sound.
- Examples are given of words containing the schwa sound spelled with different vowel letters. Function words like prepositions often contain a schwa.
- Suffixes like -er and -or at the end of words usually have a schwa pronunciation in British English. Tongue twisters are provided to
The document provides an overview of Spanish grammar topics including:
- Verb conjugations in the present, stem changers, irregular verbs like "saber" vs "conocer"
- Reflexive verbs, se impersonal verbs, verbs like "gustar"
- Imperfect tense, preterite tense, irregular preterite verbs
- Comparatives and superlatives, future tense
It covers a wide range of foundational grammar concepts in Spanish for students to learn.
The document defines and provides examples of the word "labor". It states that labor is noun referring to practical work, especially work involving physical effort. Examples provided show labor referring to work done by workers or the work involved in manufacturing or repairing items. The document also gives definitions for related words like laborer, laborious, and discusses labor as both a count and uncount noun.
This document contains a pronunciation assignment from a university course. It includes exercises on identifying and producing English vowel sounds through charts, word lists, and transcriptions. Students are asked to analyze vowel sounds in context, provide phonetic transcriptions, identify rhyming words, and complete other pronunciation activities and assessments. The assignment aims to improve students' understanding and mastery of English vowel sounds and phonetic transcription.
The document discusses structures used to talk about possibilities or probabilities regarding actions that may have occurred in the past. It states that the structure "May/might + have + past participle" is used to indicate something was possible or probable, but the speaker is not certain. Several examples are given using this structure to speculate about possible past actions when the facts are unclear.
This document contains vocabulary words and their definitions from an English lesson. It includes words such as:
- According to - a preposition meaning as stated by
- Banana - a long, curved fruit with yellow skin and soft flesh
- Cage - a structure with bars or wires for keeping pets or housing animals
The document defines and provides examples of the word "allow". It states that allow is a verb that means to let someone do something or let something happen; permit. It provides three examples of allow in sentences: "You’re not allowed to talk during the exam", "Are you allowed in the building on weekends?", and "They said they wouldn’t allow their lives to be influenced by television." It also provides the Persian translation of allow, which is "اجازه دادن".
This document defines and provides examples of the word "fit" and related terms. "Fit" is defined as healthy and in good physical condition, especially as a result of exercise. Examples show "fit" describing a person who looks healthy. The related noun "fitness" refers to physical health and ability. Maintaining fitness involves regular exercise and activities to stay strong and healthy.
1. The document defines the terms "mission", "missionary", and "Christian".
2. A mission is sending someone to do a particular job, while a missionary is a person sent to teach religion, often in a foreign country.
3. A Christian is a person who follows or belongs to the Christian religion.
The document defines several terms related to information technology and communication. It defines service as work or help provided, especially for the public or an organization. It defines communication as the process of sending messages or information between people or places, or the messages themselves. E-mail is defined as a message sent between people using computers, while mail refers to letters and packages delivered to homes or businesses. Video conferencing allows participants in different locations to take part in a conference using electronic sound and video.
The document defines key terms related to space exploration including: space, the area beyond Earth's atmosphere; planets like Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune that orbit the sun; the solar system of the sun and orbiting planets; asteroids, large rocky objects that orbit the sun; and exploration of space through activities like space travel, space shuttles that carry people to space, and space stations where people can live and work in space.
This document provides definitions and information about key terms related to earthquakes and the structure of the Earth. It defines an earthquake as a sudden, violent movement of the Earth's surface. It also discusses the different layers that make up the Earth's structure - the crust, mantle, and core. The crust is the outermost solid layer, under which lies the mantle that surrounds the liquid outer core and solid inner core at the center.
The document provides definitions and examples for the words "as", "weight", "shape", "exercise", "get into", and "fit". It defines "as" as a conjunction meaning "in the same way" or "because". It defines "weight" as a noun referring to the heaviness or amount of weight something has. "Shape" is defined as the condition or state of health of a thing or person. "Exercise" is defined as a physical activity done to stay healthy. "Get into" is a phrase meaning to become deeply involved in something. "Fit" is an adjective meaning healthy or strong as a result of exercise.
The document discusses relative clauses, which provide additional information about a noun or pronoun. It defines the different types of relative pronouns including who, whom, whose, that, which, where, and when. Examples are provided to illustrate how to use relative pronouns correctly within relative clauses. The summary also discusses how to transform sentences containing relative clauses by replacing the relative pronouns with the object or subject of the clause.
The document discusses the use of the verb "have to" which indicates strong obligation or necessity imposed by circumstances. It states that "have to" is used in the present tense to talk about present obligations, while "had to" is used for past obligations. The forms "do", "does", and "did" are used to make questions and negatives of sentences containing "have to", "has to", and "had to" respectively.
The document contains vocabulary words and their definitions from an English language textbook. It includes words like "according to", which is a preposition meaning "as stated by", "banana" which is a curved yellow fruit, and "bill" which refers to a piece of paper money or note. It also defines verbs like "decide" which means to choose between possibilities, and "mistake" which can be a noun meaning something wrong or incorrect, or a verb meaning to incorrectly recognize something.
The document provides examples and explanations of different types of relative clauses. It defines the different relative pronouns that can be used in relative clauses like who, whom, whose, which, that, when, and where. It also gives examples of how to rewrite sentences using relative pronouns and relative clauses.
The document provides examples and explanations of different types of relative clauses. It defines the different relative pronouns that can be used in relative clauses like who, whom, whose, which, that, when, and where. It also gives examples of how to rewrite sentences using relative pronouns and relative clauses.
The document defines and provides examples for several words:
- Foot is defined as the part of the body at the leg on which a person or animal stands, and as a unit of measurement equal to 12 inches.
- Airport is defined as a place where airplanes regularly take off and land, with buildings for passengers and flight management.
- Along means in the same direction as or beside something.
- Altogether means completely or in total.
This document defines and provides examples of the words "lot", "around", "a lot", "many", "much", and "a lot of". It discusses using "a lot" or "lots" with a noun phrase and includes the preposition "of". Examples are given to illustrate the differences between "many", "much", and "a lot of". The meanings of "around", "all day long", and the idiom "around the clock" are also explained.
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
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This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
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Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
25. world /wɜrld/
noun U
the planet on which we live
People from all over the world will
come to the party.
26. world /wɜrld/
noun U
the planet on which we live
People from all over the world will
come to the party.
Many football teams play in the world
cup.
27. world /wɜrld/
noun U
the planet on which we live
People from all over the world will
come to the party.
Many football teams play in the world
cup.
40. Germany /'jər-mə-nē/
Noun
A country in Europe
Germany is a country in Europe; but
Iran is a country in Asia.
41. Germany /'jər-mə-nē/
Noun
A country in Europe
Germany is a country in Europe; but
Iran is a country in Asia.
German /'jər-mən/
42. Germany /'jər-mə-nē/
Noun
A country in Europe
Germany is a country in Europe; but
Iran is a country in Asia.
German /'jər-mən/
Of Germany
43. Germany /'jər-mə-nē/
Noun
A country in Europe
Germany is a country in Europe; but
Iran is a country in Asia.
German /'jər-mən/
Of Germany
49. little /lɪt̬· ə l/
adjective
young
When you were little, you and your
brother were always playing .
50. little /lɪt̬· ə l/
adjective
young
When you were little, you and your
brother were always playing .
My little brother/sister is seven years
old.
51. little /lɪt̬· ə l/
adjective
young
When you were little, you and your
brother were always playing .
My little brother/sister is seven years
old.
He stayed home from work today
because his little boy/girl is sick.
52. little /lɪt̬· ə l/
adjective
young
When you were little, you and your
brother were always playing .
My little brother/sister is seven years
old.
He stayed home from work today
because his little boy/girl is sick.
57. Alone /ə'loʊn/
adjective, adverb
Not with other people
This little girl doesn’t have any
friends. She is playing alone.
Friedrich played alone in the garden
58. Alone /ə'loʊn/
adjective, adverb
Not with other people
This little girl doesn’t have any
friends. She is playing alone.
Friedrich played alone in the garden
66. love /lʌv/
verb T
LIKE
Susan loved her brother very much.
Children love their mothers and
fathers.
67. love /lʌv/
verb T
LIKE
Susan loved her brother very much.
Children love their mothers and
fathers.
My little brother loves his mother very
much.
68. love /lʌv/
verb T
LIKE
Susan loved her brother very much.
Children love their mothers and
fathers.
My little brother loves his mother very
much.
He loved the flowers and plants.
69. love /lʌv/
verb T
LIKE
Susan loved her brother very much.
Children love their mothers and
fathers.
My little brother loves his mother very
much.
He loved the flowers and plants.
72. When /hwen, wen, /
conjunction, adverb
at what time; at the time at which
73. When /hwen, wen, /
conjunction, adverb
at what time; at the time at which
When is supper going to be ready?
74. When /hwen, wen, /
conjunction, adverb
at what time; at the time at which
When is supper going to be ready?
When did they start to rain?
75. When /hwen, wen, /
conjunction, adverb
at what time; at the time at which
When is supper going to be ready?
When did they start to rain?
Children go to school when they are 6
years old.
76. When /hwen, wen, /
conjunction, adverb
at what time; at the time at which
When is supper going to be ready?
When did they start to rain?
Children go to school when they are 6
years old.
I will buy a garden when I become a
man.
77. When /hwen, wen, /
conjunction, adverb
at what time; at the time at which
When is supper going to be ready?
When did they start to rain?
Children go to school when they are 6
years old.
I will buy a garden when I become a
man.
85. kindergarten /'kɪn·dərgɑrt·ən/
noun C/U
a class for young children, usually
children four and five years old,
Zahra will start kindergarten in Mehr.
Children go to kindergarten when they
are three or four years old.
86. kindergarten /'kɪn·dərgɑrt·ən/
noun C/U
a class for young children, usually
children four and five years old,
Zahra will start kindergarten in Mehr.
Children go to kindergarten when they
are three or four years old.
Kindergarten is a German word.
87. kindergarten /'kɪn·dərgɑrt·ən/
noun C/U
a class for young children, usually
children four and five years old,
Zahra will start kindergarten in Mehr.
Children go to kindergarten when they
are three or four years old.
Kindergarten is a German word.
94. pay /peɪ/
verb I/T
past paid
to give money to someone
T: We paid a lot of money for that
table.
95. pay /peɪ/
verb I/T
past paid
to give money to someone
T: We paid a lot of money for that
table.
I: Would you prefer to pay by credit
card?
96. pay /peɪ/
verb I/T
past paid
to give money to someone
T: We paid a lot of money for that
table.
I: Would you prefer to pay by credit
card?
103. grow /groʊ/
verb I/T
Pt. : grew & pp: , grown
I: Rice grows in water.
I:My plants are growing fast. They
were small last week; now they are
big.
104. grow /groʊ/
verb I/T
Pt. : grew & pp: , grown
I: Rice grows in water.
I:My plants are growing fast. They
were small last week; now they are
big.
T: He grows flowers in his garden.
105. grow /groʊ/
verb I/T
Pt. : grew & pp: , grown
I: Rice grows in water.
I:My plants are growing fast. They
were small last week; now they are
big.
T: He grows flowers in his garden.
112. grow up
phrasal verb
to change from being a child to being
an adult , become a man, become
older
113. grow up
phrasal verb
to change from being a child to being
an adult , become a man, become
older
She grew up on a Pennsylvania farm.
114. grow up
phrasal verb
to change from being a child to being
an adult , become a man, become
older
She grew up on a Pennsylvania farm.
When I grow up , I will buy a garden. I
will grow flowers there.
115. grow up
phrasal verb
to change from being a child to being
an adult , become a man, become
older
She grew up on a Pennsylvania farm.
When I grow up , I will buy a garden. I
will grow flowers there.
120. become /bɪkʌm/
verb L
pt.: became , pp: become
to start to be
He became a an English teacher in
1995.
121. become /bɪkʌm/
verb L
pt.: became , pp: become
to start to be
He became a an English teacher in
1995.
122. become /bɪkʌm/
verb L
pt.: became , pp: become
to start to be
He became a an English teacher in
1995.
Become older=
123. become /bɪkʌm/
verb L
pt.: became , pp: become
to start to be
He became a an English teacher in
1995.
Become older=
When I become older , I will buy a car.
133. die /dɑɪ/
verb I
dying , past died
to stop living
He died in a hospital.
134. die /dɑɪ/
verb I
dying , past died
to stop living
He died in a hospital.
She died in her sleep at the age of 94.
135. die /dɑɪ/
verb I
dying , past died
to stop living
He died in a hospital.
She died in her sleep at the age of 94.
His mother died when he was a small
boy.
136. die /dɑɪ/
verb I
dying , past died
to stop living
He died in a hospital.
She died in her sleep at the age of 94.
His mother died when he was a small
boy.
141. much /mʌtʃ/
adjective, adverb
more , most
great in amount, degree,
Mark has too much work to do.
I don’t have much money to pay.
142. much /mʌtʃ/
adjective, adverb
more , most
great in amount, degree,
Mark has too much work to do.
I don’t have much money to pay.
Jody doesn’t eat very much.
143. much /mʌtʃ/
adjective, adverb
more , most
great in amount, degree,
Mark has too much work to do.
I don’t have much money to pay.
Jody doesn’t eat very much.
Thank you so/very much.
144. much /mʌtʃ/
adjective, adverb
more , most
great in amount, degree,
Mark has too much work to do.
I don’t have much money to pay.
Jody doesn’t eat very much.
Thank you so/very much.
She doesn’t go out much often .
145. much /mʌtʃ/
adjective, adverb
more , most
great in amount, degree,
Mark has too much work to do.
I don’t have much money to pay.
Jody doesn’t eat very much.
Thank you so/very much.
She doesn’t go out much often .
150. pay attention to /peɪ
ə'ten·tʃən/
Verb
Paid attention to
= listen to …carefully
151. pay attention to /peɪ
ə'ten·tʃən/
Verb
Paid attention to
= listen to …carefully
They didn’t pay much attention to him.
So he played alone in a garden.
152. pay attention to /peɪ
ə'ten·tʃən/
Verb
Paid attention to
= listen to …carefully
They didn’t pay much attention to him.
So he played alone in a garden.
He learned the lesson very well
because he paid attention to the
teacher.
153. pay attention to /peɪ
ə'ten·tʃən/
Verb
Paid attention to
= listen to …carefully
They didn’t pay much attention to him.
So he played alone in a garden.
He learned the lesson very well
because he paid attention to the
teacher.
156. so /soʊ/
and for that reason; therefore
They didn’t pay much attention to him.
So he played alone in a garden.
157. so /soʊ/
and for that reason; therefore
They didn’t pay much attention to him.
So he played alone in a garden.
She was very tired. So she went to
bed very early.
158. so /soʊ/
and for that reason; therefore
They didn’t pay much attention to him.
So he played alone in a garden.
She was very tired. So she went to
bed very early.
162. soon /su:n/
adverb
in or within a short time; before long;
quickly
We’ll soon be there.
163. soon /su:n/
adverb
in or within a short time; before long;
quickly
We’ll soon be there.
How soon (When) can we see him?
164. soon /su:n/
adverb
in or within a short time; before long;
quickly
We’ll soon be there.
How soon (When) can we see him?
"When would you like to meet?" "The
sooner the better."
165. soon /su:n/
adverb
in or within a short time; before long;
quickly
We’ll soon be there.
How soon (When) can we see him?
"When would you like to meet?" "The
sooner the better."
172. Time /tɑɪm/
noun U
I really don’t have time to call her
today.
It is 10 in the evening. It is time to
sleep.
173. Time /tɑɪm/
noun U
I really don’t have time to call her
today.
It is 10 in the evening. It is time to
sleep.
It was time for him to go to school.
174. Time /tɑɪm/
noun U
I really don’t have time to call her
today.
It is 10 in the evening. It is time to
sleep.
It was time for him to go to school.
“What time is it?” “It’s 4:30.”
175. Time /tɑɪm/
noun U
I really don’t have time to call her
today.
It is 10 in the evening. It is time to
sleep.
It was time for him to go to school.
“What time is it?” “It’s 4:30.”
188. could /kʊd, kəd/
past simple of can
You said we could watch television
when we finished our homework.
189. could /kʊd, kəd/
past simple of can
You said we could watch television
when we finished our homework.
When I was younger I could stay up all
night and then go to work.
190. could /kʊd, kəd/
past simple of can
You said we could watch television
when we finished our homework.
When I was younger I could stay up all
night and then go to work.
I couldn’t red and write when I was 3
years old.
191. could /kʊd, kəd/
past simple of can
You said we could watch television
when we finished our homework.
When I was younger I could stay up all
night and then go to work.
I couldn’t red and write when I was 3
years old.
192. could /kʊd, kəd/
modal verb could
Could I speak to Mr. Harley, please?
Could I see the newspaper?
204. have to /hæf·tu:/
auxiliary verb
has , past had
to need to; must
I have to go to Shiraz tomorrow.
She has to wash the dishes tonight.
205. have to /hæf·tu:/
auxiliary verb
has , past had
to need to; must
I have to go to Shiraz tomorrow.
She has to wash the dishes tonight.
He had to sit on that hard chair.
206. have to /hæf·tu:/
auxiliary verb
has , past had
to need to; must
I have to go to Shiraz tomorrow.
She has to wash the dishes tonight.
He had to sit on that hard chair.
, has to =
207. have to /hæf·tu:/
auxiliary verb
has , past had
to need to; must
I have to go to Shiraz tomorrow.
She has to wash the dishes tonight.
He had to sit on that hard chair.
, has to =
had to
211. fun /fʌn/
noun U
enjoyment
Everybody had a lot of fun at the party.
212. fun /fʌn/
noun U
enjoyment
Everybody had a lot of fun at the party.
It’s no fun having to work on
Saturdays.
213. fun /fʌn/
noun U
enjoyment
Everybody had a lot of fun at the party.
It’s no fun having to work on
Saturdays.
He studies French just for fun/for the
fun of it.
214. fun /fʌn/
noun U
enjoyment
Everybody had a lot of fun at the party.
It’s no fun having to work on
Saturdays.
He studies French just for fun/for the
fun of it.
You're a real fun man.
215. fun /fʌn/
noun U
enjoyment
Everybody had a lot of fun at the party.
It’s no fun having to work on
Saturdays.
He studies French just for fun/for the
fun of it.
You're a real fun man.
225. remember /rɪ'mem·bər/
verb I/T
Can you remember where we parked
the car?
You have to remember that these
things take time.
226. remember /rɪ'mem·bər/
verb I/T
Can you remember where we parked
the car?
You have to remember that these
things take time.
Remember to buy some stamps.
227. remember /rɪ'mem·bər/
verb I/T
Can you remember where we parked
the car?
You have to remember that these
things take time.
Remember to buy some stamps.
233. like /lɑɪk/
preposition, conjunction
similar to
I’ve got a shirt just like yours.
She looks just like her father.
School should be like a garden.
234. like /lɑɪk/
preposition, conjunction
similar to
I’ve got a shirt just like yours.
She looks just like her father.
School should be like a garden.
248. call /kɔ:l/
verb T
to give someone or something a name
They called their new baby Alice.
249. call /kɔ:l/
verb T
to give someone or something a name
They called their new baby Alice.
His name is Anthony, but everyone
calls him Tony.
250. call /kɔ:l/
verb T
to give someone or something a name
They called their new baby Alice.
His name is Anthony, but everyone
calls him Tony.
He called his school “kindergarten”.
251. call /kɔ:l/
verb T
to give someone or something a name
They called their new baby Alice.
His name is Anthony, but everyone
calls him Tony.
He called his school “kindergarten”.
292. exercise /'ek·sərsɑɪz/
noun C
Something you do to learn better
The book has exercises at the end of
every lesson.
You have to do the exercises again.
293. exercise /'ek·sərsɑɪz/
noun C
Something you do to learn better
The book has exercises at the end of
every lesson.
You have to do the exercises again.
298. again /ə'gen, ə'geɪn/
adverb
once more, or as before
Could you spell your name again,
please?
Get some rest and you’ll soon be well
again.
299. again /ə'gen, ə'geɪn/
adverb
once more, or as before
Could you spell your name again,
please?
Get some rest and you’ll soon be well
again.
Don’t be late again .
300. again /ə'gen, ə'geɪn/
adverb
once more, or as before
Could you spell your name again,
please?
Get some rest and you’ll soon be well
again.
Don’t be late again .
313. address /ə'dres, 'æd·res/
noun C
“Where is your address?” “It’s No. 15,
Bahar St. , Shiraz.”
Write your address in the letter.
314. address /ə'dres, 'æd·res/
noun C
“Where is your address?” “It’s No. 15,
Bahar St. , Shiraz.”
Write your address in the letter.
315. address /ə'dres, 'æd·res/
noun C
“Where is your address?” “It’s No. 15,
Bahar St. , Shiraz.”
Write your address in the letter.
Email address
325. Introduce /ɪn·trə'du:s/
verb T
to meet and learn the name of another
person
I’d like to introduce you to my friend,
Sally.
326. Introduce /ɪn·trə'du:s/
verb T
to meet and learn the name of another
person
I’d like to introduce you to my friend,
Sally.
George, I’d like to introduce my friend,
Sally.
327. Introduce /ɪn·trə'du:s/
verb T
to meet and learn the name of another
person
I’d like to introduce you to my friend,
Sally.
George, I’d like to introduce my friend,
Sally.
332. more /mɔ:r/
adjective, adverb
a larger number
We have guests. You have to buy
more fruits.
You need to listen more and talk less.
333. more /mɔ:r/
adjective, adverb
a larger number
We have guests. You have to buy
more fruits.
You need to listen more and talk less.
There were no more seats on the bus,
so we had to stand.
334. more /mɔ:r/
adjective, adverb
a larger number
We have guests. You have to buy
more fruits.
You need to listen more and talk less.
There were no more seats on the bus,
so we had to stand.
338. first name
noun C
your personal name,
"James" and "Sarah" are first names.
339. first name
noun C
your personal name,
"James" and "Sarah" are first names.
“Reza” and “kurosh” are first names.
340. first name
noun C
your personal name,
"James" and "Sarah" are first names.
“Reza” and “kurosh” are first names.
“What’s your first name?” “It’s
Kamran.”
341. first name
noun C
your personal name,
"James" and "Sarah" are first names.
“Reza” and “kurosh” are first names.
“What’s your first name?” “It’s
Kamran.”
345. last name
noun C
your family name,
His first name is Julio, but I can’t
remember his last name.
346. last name
noun C
your family name,
His first name is Julio, but I can’t
remember his last name.
“Sahabi” and “Bazargan” are last
names.
347. last name
noun C
your family name,
His first name is Julio, but I can’t
remember his last name.
“Sahabi” and “Bazargan” are last
names.
“What’s your last name?” “It’s Musavi.”
348. last name
noun C
your family name,
His first name is Julio, but I can’t
remember his last name.
“Sahabi” and “Bazargan” are last
names.
“What’s your last name?” “It’s Musavi.”
353. just /dʒʌst, dʒəst
adverb
only; simply
I’ll just check my e-mail, then we can
go for coffee.
I just called to wish you a happy
birthday.
354. just /dʒʌst, dʒəst
adverb
only; simply
I’ll just check my e-mail, then we can
go for coffee.
I just called to wish you a happy
birthday.
We’ll just have to wait and see what
happens.
355. just /dʒʌst, dʒəst
adverb
only; simply
I’ll just check my e-mail, then we can
go for coffee.
I just called to wish you a happy
birthday.
We’ll just have to wait and see what
happens.
371. glad /glæd/
adjective
happy
We were glad (that) she is here.
You don’t have to thank us – we were
glad to help.
“Glad to meet you, Henry.” “Nice to
meet you, too.”
372. glad /glæd/
adjective
happy
We were glad (that) she is here.
You don’t have to thank us – we were
glad to help.
“Glad to meet you, Henry.” “Nice to
meet you, too.”
390. early /ɜr·li/
adjective, adverb
I got up early this morning to walk the
dog.
Sheena’s in her early thirties.
If you finish early, you can go home.
391. early /ɜr·li/
adjective, adverb
I got up early this morning to walk the
dog.
Sheena’s in her early thirties.
If you finish early, you can go home.