presenting vocabulary of lesson 5 in English Book 4 in Iran's high schools

2. Labor /ˈleɪ·bər/

3. Labor /ˈleɪ·bər/

4. Labor /ˈleɪ·bər/

5. Labor /ˈleɪ·bər/

6. Labor /ˈleɪ·bər/
Labour : noun U

7. Labor /ˈleɪ·bər/
Labour : noun U
practical work, esp. work that involves
physical effort , workers

8. Labor /ˈleɪ·bər/
Labour : noun U
practical work, esp. work that involves
physical effort , workers
The car parts themselves are not expensive –
it’s the labor that costs so much.

9. Labor /ˈleɪ·bər/
Labour : noun U
practical work, esp. work that involves
physical effort , workers
The car parts themselves are not expensive –
it’s the labor that costs so much.
skilled/unskilled labor

10. Labor /ˈleɪ·bər/
Labour : noun U
practical work, esp. work that involves
physical effort , workers
The car parts themselves are not expensive –
it’s the labor that costs so much.
skilled/unskilled labor
 کار بدنی ، کارگر

11. Labor /leɪ·bər/
Labour : noun U
practical work, esp. work that involves
physical effort , workers
The car parts themselves are not expensive –
it’s the labor that costs so much.
skilled/unskilled labor
 کار بدنی ، کارگر
A labor-saving device or method is one that
saves a lot of effort and time.

12. Word formation
Labor = labour /ˈleɪ·bər/ noun U
A labor-saving device or method is one that
saves a lot of effort and time.
labor = labour /ˈleɪ·bər /verb I
to do hard physical work
laborer = labourer /ˈleɪ·bə·rər/ noun C
a person who does physical work
a farm/factory laborer
laborious /ləˈbɔːr·iː·əs, -ˈboʊr-/ adjective
needing a lot of time and effort = hard

14. issue / ˈɪʃ·uː, esp./
Southern /ˈɪʃ·ə/

15. issue / ˈɪʃ·uː, esp./
Southern /ˈɪʃ·ə/
noun C

16. issue / ˈɪʃ·uː, esp./
Southern /ˈɪʃ·ə/
noun C
a subject or problem that people are thinking
and talking about

17. issue / ˈɪʃ·uː, esp./
Southern /ˈɪʃ·ə/
noun C
a subject or problem that people are thinking
and talking about
I like my hair this way – I don’t see why you
have to make an issue of it (cause it to be a
problem) .

18. issue / ˈɪʃ·uː, esp./
Southern /ˈɪʃ·ə/
noun C
a subject or problem that people are thinking
and talking about
I like my hair this way – I don’t see why you
have to make an issue of it (cause it to be a
problem) .
 موضوع ، معضل

20. Sort/sɔːrt /
noun C

21. Sort/sɔːrt /
noun C
1- a group of things that are of the same type
or that share similar qualities= kind = type

22. Sort/sɔːrt /
noun C
1- a group of things that are of the same type
or that share similar qualities= kind = type
What sort of instrument will she need?

23. Sort/sɔːrt /
noun C
1- a group of things that are of the same type
or that share similar qualities= kind = type
What sort of instrument will she need?
2- a person of a particular type:

24. Sort/sɔːrt /
noun C
1- a group of things that are of the same type
or that share similar qualities= kind = type
What sort of instrument will she need?
2- a person of a particular type:
What sort of person do you think I am?

25. Sort/sɔːrt /
noun C
1- a group of things that are of the same type
or that share similar qualities= kind = type
What sort of instrument will she need?
2- a person of a particular type:
What sort of person do you think I am?
 نوع

27. right /rɑɪt/
noun C social studies

28. right /rɑɪt/
noun C social studies
your opportunity to act and to be treated in
particular ways that the law promises to
protect for the benefit of society

29. right /rɑɪt/
noun C social studies
your opportunity to act and to be treated in
particular ways that the law promises to
protect for the benefit of society
 civil/human rights

30. right /rɑɪt/
noun C social studies
your opportunity to act and to be treated in
particular ways that the law promises to
protect for the benefit of society
 civil/human rights
You have a right to a trial by jury.

31. right /rɑɪt/
noun C social studies
your opportunity to act and to be treated in
particular ways that the law promises to
protect for the benefit of society
 civil/human rights
You have a right to a trial by jury.
The dispute is over fishing rights.

32. right /rɑɪt/
noun C social studies
your opportunity to act and to be treated in
particular ways that the law promises to
protect for the benefit of society
 civil/human rights
You have a right to a trial by jury.
The dispute is over fishing rights.
 حق

33. Word formation
right /rɑɪt/ noun C social studies
rightful /ˈrɑɪt·fəl/ adjective = واقعی
rightfully /ˈrɑɪt·fə·li/ adverb /
rights /rɑɪts/ plural noun
the legal authority to publish, copy, or make
available a work such as a book, movie,
recording, or work of art
electronic/reprint rights

34. Word formation
physique /fəˈziːk/ noun C
the appearance, esp. shape and size, of a human body
a small/large physique
physical /ˈfɪz·ɪ·kəl/ adjective
connected with the body
She tries to keep herself in good physical condition.
physical (examination) /ˈfɪz·ɪ·kəl/ (ɪgˌzæm·əˈneɪ·ʃən)
noun
a careful look at a person’s body by a doctor in order
to discover if that person is healthy
physically /ˈfɪz·ɪ·kli/adverb
She works out at a gym and is very physically fit.

35. Word formation
emotion /ɪˈmoʊ·ʃən/ noun C/U
(a) strong feeling, such as of love, anger,
fear, etc.
 C: He’s driven by his emotions, not by
careful thought.
emotional /ɪˈmoʊ·ʃən· ə l/ adjective
connected with or showing feelings
emotionally /ɪˈmoʊ·ʃən· ə l·i/ adverb

36. Word formation
mindless /ˈmɑɪn·dləs/ adjective not gradable
mind /mɑɪnd/ noun C
mental /ˈment· ə l/ adjective not gradable
of or about the mind, or involving the process
of thinking
Stress can affect both your physical and mental
health.
I made a mental note of her address
mentally /ˈment· ə l·i/ adverb
mentally ill
mentality /menˈtæl·ət·̬i/ noun U
way of thinking about things

37. Word formation
mine /mɑɪn/ noun C
a deep hole in the ground made for the removal
of coal and other substances by digging
a gold mine
mine /mɑɪn/ verb I/T
They mine copper in this area.
miner /ˈmɑɪ·nər/ noun C
a person who works in a mine
mining /ˈmɑɪ·nɪŋ/ noun U
the industry or activity of removing coal and other
substances from the earth

39. / brick /brɪk

40. / brick /brɪk

41. / brick /brɪk

42. / brick /brɪk

43. / brick /brɪk
noun C

44. / brick /brɪk
noun C
a rectangular block of hard material used for
building walls and houses

46. / ceramics /səˈræm·ɪks

47. / ceramics /səˈræm·ɪks

48. / ceramics /səˈræm·ɪks

49. / ceramics /səˈræm·ɪks

50. / ceramics /səˈræm·ɪks

51. / ceramics /səˈræm·ɪks
noun C/U

52. / ceramics /səˈræm·ɪks
noun C/U
objects produced by shaping pieces of clay
that are then hardened by baking, or the skill
of making such objects

53. / ceramics /səˈræm·ɪks
noun C/U
objects produced by shaping pieces of clay
that are then hardened by baking, or the skill
of making such objects
 سرامیک

54. / ceramics /səˈræm·ɪks
noun C/U
objects produced by shaping pieces of clay
that are then hardened by baking, or the skill
of making such objects
 سرامیک
ceramic /səˈræm·ɪk/ adjective not gradable

55. / ceramics /səˈræm·ɪks
noun C/U
objects produced by shaping pieces of clay
that are then hardened by baking, or the skill
of making such objects
 سرامیک
ceramic /səˈræm·ɪk/ adjective not gradable
ceramic kitchen tiles

56. / ceramics /səˈræm·ɪks
noun C/U
objects produced by shaping pieces of clay
that are then hardened by baking, or the skill
of making such objects
 سرامیک
ceramic /səˈræm·ɪk/ adjective not gradable
ceramic kitchen tiles
 سرامیکی

58. vacation /veɪˈkeɪ·ʃən, və-/
noun C/U / verb

59. vacation /veɪˈkeɪ·ʃən, və-/
noun C/U / verb
a period of time to relax or travel for pleasure
instead of doing your usual work or school
activities, holiday

60. vacation /veɪˈkeɪ·ʃən, və-/
noun C/U / verb
a period of time to relax or travel for pleasure
instead of doing your usual work or school
activities, holiday
 C: The family had just left for a vacation in
the Bahamas.

61. vacation /veɪˈkeɪ·ʃən, və-/
noun C/U / verb
a period of time to relax or travel for pleasure
instead of doing your usual work or school
activities, holiday
 C: The family had just left for a vacation in
the Bahamas.
U: We always went on vacation in August.

62. vacation /veɪˈkeɪ·ʃən, və-/
noun C/U / verb
a period of time to relax or travel for pleasure
instead of doing your usual work or school
activities, holiday
 C: The family had just left for a vacation in
the Bahamas.
U: We always went on vacation in August.
He was vacationing in San Francisco.

63. vacation /veɪˈkeɪ·ʃən, və-/
noun C/U / verb
a period of time to relax or travel for pleasure
instead of doing your usual work or school
activities, holiday
 C: The family had just left for a vacation in
the Bahamas.
U: We always went on vacation in August.
He was vacationing in San Francisco.
vacationer /veɪˈkeɪ·ʃə·nər, və-/ noun C

64. vacation /veɪˈkeɪ·ʃən, və-/
noun C/U / verb
a period of time to relax or travel for pleasure
instead of doing your usual work or school
activities, holiday
 C: The family had just left for a vacation in the
Bahamas.
U: We always went on vacation in August.
He was vacationing in San Francisco.
vacationer /veɪˈkeɪ·ʃə·nər, və-/ noun C
Tourists and winter vacationers are now key to
the economy.

66. Specific /spɪˈsɪf·ɪk/
adjective

67. Specific /spɪˈsɪf·ɪk/
adjective
relating to one thing and not others;
particular

68. Specific /spɪˈsɪf·ɪk/
adjective
relating to one thing and not others;
particular
The virus attacks specific cells in the body.

69. Specific /spɪˈsɪf·ɪk/
adjective
relating to one thing and not others;
particular
The virus attacks specific cells in the body.
The meeting is for the specific purpose of
discussing the issue.

70. Specific /spɪˈsɪf·ɪk/
adjective
relating to one thing and not others;
particular
The virus attacks specific cells in the body.
The meeting is for the specific purpose of
discussing the issue.
 خاص ، ویژه

71. Word formation
Specific /spɪˈsɪf·ɪk/ adjective
relating to one thing and not others;
particular
specifically /spɪˈsɪf·ɪ·kli/ adverb
These jeans were designed specifically for
women.
specificity /ˌspes·əˈfɪs·ət·̬i /noun U
the quality of being particular to one person
or thing

73. / electrician /ɪˌlekˈtrɪʃ·ən

74. / electrician /ɪˌlekˈtrɪʃ·ən

75. / electrician /ɪˌlekˈtrɪʃ·ən

76. / electrician /ɪˌlekˈtrɪʃ·ən
noun C

77. / electrician /ɪˌlekˈtrɪʃ·ən
noun C
a person who puts in and maintains wires
which carry electricity into a building

78. / electrician /ɪˌlekˈtrɪʃ·ən
noun C
a person who puts in and maintains wires
which carry electricity into a building
 برق کش

79. Word formation
electric /ɪˈlek·trɪk/ adjective
electrical /ɪˈlek·trɪ·kəl/ adjective
electrically /ɪˈlek·trɪ·kli/ adverb
electrician /ɪˌlekˈtrɪʃ·ən/ noun C
electrify /ɪˈlek·trəˌfɑɪ/ verb T

81. apprentice /əˈprent·əs/
noun C / verb I/T

82. apprentice /əˈprent·əs/
noun C / verb I/T
someone who works for an expert to learn a
particular skill or job

83. apprentice /əˈprent·əs/
noun C / verb I/T
someone who works for an expert to learn a
particular skill or job
He worked for two years as a plumber’s
apprentice

84. apprentice /əˈprent·əs/
noun C / verb I/T
someone who works for an expert to learn a
particular skill or job
He worked for two years as a plumber’s
apprentice
I apprenticed with my father, who was a
electrician.

85. apprentice /əˈprent·əs/
noun C / verb I/T
someone who works for an expert to learn a
particular skill or job
He worked for two years as a plumber’s
apprentice
I apprenticed with my father, who was a
electrician.
شاگرد، شاگردي كردن ، كاراموز 

86. as long as
if
You can have a dog as long as you
promise to take care of it.

88. Extreme /ɪkˈstriːm/
adjective / noun C

89. Extreme /ɪkˈstriːm/
adjective / noun C
very great; beyond what is usual or what
might be expected.

90. Extreme /ɪkˈstriːm/
adjective / noun C
very great; beyond what is usual or what
might be expected.
The extreme cold kept most people indoors.

91. Extreme /ɪkˈstriːm/
adjective / noun C
very great; beyond what is usual or what
might be expected.
The extreme cold kept most people indoors.
 زیاد ، بیش از اندازه

92. Extreme /ɪkˈstriːm/
adjective / noun C
very great; beyond what is usual or what
might be expected.
The extreme cold kept most people indoors.
 زیاد ، بیش از اندازه
extremely /ɪkˈstriːm·li/ adverb

93. Extreme /ɪkˈstriːm/
adjective / noun C
very great; beyond what is usual or what
might be expected.
The extreme cold kept most people indoors.
 زیاد ، بیش از اندازه
extremely /ɪkˈstriːm·li/ adverb
She was extremely intelligent.

95. / Form /fɔːrm
noun C

96. / Form /fɔːrm
noun C
a type or kind of something, or the particular
way in which something exists

97. / Form /fɔːrm
noun C
a type or kind of something, or the particular
way in which something exists
She has a mild form of the flu and should be
OK in a few days.

98. / Form /fɔːrm
noun C
a type or kind of something, or the particular
way in which something exists
She has a mild form of the flu and should be
OK in a few days.
The medicine comes in the form of a liquid or
pills.

99. / Form /fɔːrm
noun C
a type or kind of something, or the particular
way in which something exists
She has a mild form of the flu and should be
OK in a few days.
The medicine comes in the form of a liquid or
pills.
 فرم ، شکل ، نوع

101. rob /rɑb/

102. rob /rɑb/

103. rob /rɑb/

104. rob /rɑb/

105. rob /rɑb/

106. rob /rɑb/
verb T -bb-

107. rob /rɑb/
verb T -bb-
to take money or property from a person or
place illegally, take away= deprive sb of sth

108. rob /rɑb/
verb T -bb-
to take money or property from a person or
place illegally, take away= deprive sb of sth
Two men robbed the store last night.

109. rob /rɑb/
verb T -bb-
to take money or property from a person or
place illegally, take away= deprive sb of sth
Two men robbed the store last night.
Young people should not be robbed of their
rights.

110. rob /rɑb/
verb T -bb-
to take money or property from a person or
place illegally, take away= deprive sb of sth
Two men robbed the store last night.
Young people should not be robbed of their
rights.
 دزدیدن ، محروم کردن

111. other forms
rob /rɑb/ verb T -bb-
robber /ˈrɑb·ər/ noun C
robbery ˈrɑb·ə·ri noun C/U

113. develop /dɪˈvel·əp/
verb I/T

114. develop /dɪˈvel·əp/
verb I/T
to grow or cause to grow or change into a
more advanced form

115. develop /dɪˈvel·əp/
verb I/T
to grow or cause to grow or change into a
more advanced form
This exercise will help develop the shoulder
and back muscles.

116. develop /dɪˈvel·əp/
verb I/T
to grow or cause to grow or change into a
more advanced form
This exercise will help develop the shoulder
and back muscles.
If Kareem keeps working hard, he could
develop into a first-class athlete.

117. develop /dɪˈvel·əp/
verb I/T
to grow or cause to grow or change into a
more advanced form
This exercise will help develop the shoulder
and back muscles.
If Kareem keeps working hard, he could
develop into a first-class athlete.
The tourist industry is continuing to develop
in the lake region.

118. develop /dɪˈvel·əp/
verb I/T
to grow or cause to grow or change into a
more advanced form
This exercise will help develop the shoulder
and back muscles.
If Kareem keeps working hard, he could
develop into a first-class athlete.
The tourist industry is continuing to develop
in the lake region.
 رشد کردن ، توسعه یافتن

119. develop /dɪˈvel·əp/
verb I/T
to grow or cause to grow or change into a
more advanced form
This exercise will help develop the shoulder
and back muscles.
If Kareem keeps working hard, he could
develop into a first-class athlete.
The tourist industry is continuing to develop
in the lake region.
 رشد کردن ، توسعه یافتن

120. Word formation
develop /dɪˈvel·əp/ verb I/T
developed /dɪˈvel·əpt/ adjective
developing /dɪˈvel·ə·pɪŋ/ adjective
development /dɪˈvel·əp·mənt/ noun C/U
developmental /dɪˌvel·əpˈment·əl/ adjective
undeveloped /ˌʌn·dɪˈvel·əpt/ adjective
(of a place or land) not built on or used for
farming

122. childhood /ˈtʃɑɪld·hʊd/
noun C/U

123. childhood /ˈtʃɑɪld·hʊd/
noun C/U
the time when a person is a child

124. childhood /ˈtʃɑɪld·hʊd/
noun C/U
the time when a person is a child
She spent most of her childhood on a
farm in Texas.

125. childhood /ˈtʃɑɪld·hʊd/
noun C/U
the time when a person is a child
She spent most of her childhood on a
farm in Texas.
 کودکی

127. condition / kənˈdɪʃ·ən/
noun

128. condition / kənˈdɪʃ·ən/
noun
the particular state that something or
someone is in

129. condition / kənˈdɪʃ·ən/
noun
the particular state that something or
someone is in
 U: We spent a lot of money to get the house
in good condition.

130. condition / kənˈdɪʃ·ən/
noun
the particular state that something or
someone is in
 U: We spent a lot of money to get the house
in good condition.
He’s in no condition to drive

131. condition / kənˈdɪʃ·ən/
noun
the particular state that something or
someone is in
 U: We spent a lot of money to get the house
in good condition.
He’s in no condition to drive
Conditions : plural noun

132. condition / kənˈdɪʃ·ən/
noun
the particular state that something or
someone is in
 U: We spent a lot of money to get the house
in good condition.
He’s in no condition to drive
Conditions : plural noun
all the particular things that influence
someone’s living or working environment

133. condition / kənˈdɪʃ·ən/
noun
the particular state that something or
someone is in
 U: We spent a lot of money to get the house
in good condition.
He’s in no condition to drive
Conditions : plural noun
all the particular things that influence
someone’s living or working environment
Working conditions here are primitive.

134. condition / kənˈdɪʃ·ən/
noun
the particular state that something or someone is
in
 U: We spent a lot of money to get the house in
good condition.
He’s in no condition to drive
Conditions : plural noun
all the particular things that influence someone’s
living or working environment
Working conditions here are primitive.
 وضعیت ، شرایط

136. / handle /ˈhæn·d ə l

137. / handle /ˈhæn·d ə l

138. / handle /ˈhæn·d ə l

139. / handle /ˈhæn·d ə l

140. / handle /ˈhæn·d ə l

141. / handle /ˈhæn·d ə l

142. / handle /ˈhæn·d ə l

143. / handle /ˈhæn·d ə l

144. / handle /ˈhæn·d ə l
verb T / noun C

145. / handle /ˈhæn·d ə l
verb T / noun C
to lift something and touch, hold, or move it
with your hands , carry = take

146. / handle /ˈhæn·d ə l
verb T / noun C
to lift something and touch, hold, or move it
with your hands , carry = take
Please handle the old photographs carefully.

147. / handle /ˈhæn·d ə l
verb T / noun C
to lift something and touch, hold, or move it
with your hands , carry = take
Please handle the old photographs carefully.
a part of an object designed for holding,
moving, or carrying the object

148. / handle /ˈhæn·d ə l
verb T / noun C
to lift something and touch, hold, or move it
with your hands , carry = take
Please handle the old photographs carefully.
a part of an object designed for holding,
moving, or carrying the object
the handle of a shovel

149. / handle /ˈhæn·d ə l
verb T / noun C
to lift something and touch, hold, or move it
with your hands , carry = take
Please handle the old photographs carefully.
a part of an object designed for holding,
moving, or carrying the object
the handle of a shovel
I can’t pick the pot up – the handle’s too hot.

150. / handle /ˈhæn·d ə l
verb T / noun C
to lift something and touch, hold, or move it
with your hands , carry = take
Please handle the old photographs carefully.
a part of an object designed for holding,
moving, or carrying the object
the handle of a shovel
I can’t pick the pot up – the handle’s too hot.
 گرفتن ، بردن ، دست زدن

151. / developing /dɪˈvel·ə·pɪŋ
Adjective
Developing countries have less advanced
industries and little wealth but have the
ability to become more advanced
 در حال توسعه

153. industrialized /ɪnˈdʌs·triː·əˌlɑɪzd/
Adjective

154. industrialized /ɪnˈdʌs·triː·əˌlɑɪzd/
adjective
= developed = having a lot of industries

155. industrialized /ɪnˈdʌs·triː·əˌlɑɪzd/
adjective
= developed = having a lot of industries
industrialized nations

156. industrialized /ɪnˈdʌs·triː·əˌlɑɪzd/
adjective
= developed = having a lot of industries
industrialized nations
 صنعتی ، پیشرفته

158. industry /ˈɪn·də·stri, ˈɪnˌdʌs·tri/
noun U

159. industry /ˈɪn·də·stri, ˈɪnˌdʌs·tri/
noun U
Pl. industries

160. industry /ˈɪn·də·stri, ˈɪnˌdʌs·tri/
noun U
Pl. industries
the companies and activities involved in
the production of goods for sale, esp. in a
factory

161. industry /ˈɪn·də·stri, ˈɪnˌdʌs·tri/
noun U
Pl. industries
the companies and activities involved in
the production of goods for sale, esp. in a
factory
business and industry

162. industry /ˈɪn·də·stri, ˈɪnˌdʌs·tri/
noun U
Pl. industries
the companies and activities involved in
the production of goods for sale, esp. in a
factory
business and industry
 صنعت

163. Word formation
Industry /ˈɪn·də·stri, ˈɪnˌdʌs·tri/ noun U
the companies and activities involved in the
production of goods for sale,
industrial /ɪnˈdʌs·triː·əl/ adjective
industrialist /ɪnˈdʌs·triː·ə·ləst/ noun C
 صنعتگر
Industrialize verb
industrialized /ɪnˈdʌs·triː·əˌlɑɪzd /adjective

164. Northwest North
northeast

West east
Southwest south southeast

165. North Northern
West Western
East Eastern
South southern

166. Continents
Asia
Africa
Europe
North America
South America = Latin America

168. economically /ˌIː·kəˈnɑm·ɪ·kli/
Adverb

169. economically /ˌIː·kəˈnɑm·ɪ·kli/
Adverb
Related to economy

170. economically /ˌIː·kəˈnɑm·ɪ·kli/
Adverb
Related to economy
 از نظر اقتصادی

171. economically /ˌIː·kəˈnɑm·ɪ·kli/
Adverb
Related to economy
 از نظر اقتصادی
economy /ɪˈkɑn·ə·mi/ noun C

172. economically /ˌIː·kəˈnɑm·ɪ·kli/
Adverb
Related to economy
 از نظر اقتصادی
economy /ɪˈkɑn·ə·mi/ noun C
the system of trade and industry by which the
wealth of a country or region is made and
used

173. economically /ˌIː·kəˈnɑm·ɪ·kli/
Adverb
Related to economy
 از نظر اقتصادی
economy /ɪˈkɑn·ə·mi/ noun C
the system of trade and industry by which the
wealth of a country or region is made and
used
Farming help millions of dollars to the
region’s economy.

174. economically /ˌIː·kəˈnɑm·ɪ·kli/
Adverb
Related to economy
 از نظر اقتصادی
economy /ɪˈkɑn·ə·mi/ noun C
the system of trade and industry by which the
wealth of a country or region is made and
used
Farming help millions of dollars to the
region’s economy.
 اقتصاد

175. Word formation
economy /ɪˈkɑn·ə·mi/ noun C
economic /ˌIː·kəˈnɑm·ɪk, ˌek·ə-/ adjective
economic growth/policies
economics /ˌIː·kəˈnɑm·ɪks, ˌek·ə-/ noun U
the scientific study of the system by which a
country’s wealth is made and used
economist /ɪˈkɑn·ə·məst/ noun C
economically ˌIː·kəˈnɑm·ɪ·kli, ˌek·ə- adverb
economize /ɪˈkɑn·əˌmɑɪz/ verb

176. International
Labor
Organization

177. estimate /ˈes·təˌmeɪt/

178. estimate /ˈes·təˌmeɪt/
estimate /ˈes·tə·mət/ noun C /

179. estimate /ˈes·təˌmeɪt/
estimate /ˈes·tə·mət/ noun C /
verb T

180. estimate /ˈes·təˌmeɪt/
estimate /ˈes·tə·mət/ noun C /
verb T
Judge or calculate , guess

181. estimate /ˈes·təˌmeɪt/
estimate /ˈes·tə·mət/ noun C /
verb T
Judge or calculate , guess
We estimated his wealth at $500 million.

182. estimate /ˈes·təˌmeɪt/
estimate /ˈes·tə·mət/ noun C /
verb T
Judge or calculate , guess
We estimated his wealth at $500 million.
 حدس زدن ، تخمین زدن

183. estimate /ˈes·təˌmeɪt/
estimate /ˈes·tə·mət/ noun C /
verb T
Judge or calculate , guess
We estimated his wealth at $500 million.
 حدس زدن ، تخمین زدن
estimation /ˌes·təˈmeɪ·ʃən/ noun U

184. estimate /ˈes·təˌmeɪt/
estimate /ˈes·tə·mət/ noun C /
verb T
Judge or calculate , guess
We estimated his wealth at $500 million.
 حدس زدن ، تخمین زدن
estimation /ˌes·təˈmeɪ·ʃən/ noun U
judgment; opinion

185. estimate /ˈes·təˌmeɪt/
estimate /ˈes·tə·mət/ noun C /
verb T
Judge or calculate , guess
We estimated his wealth at $500 million.
 حدس زدن ، تخمین زدن
estimation /ˌes·təˈmeɪ·ʃən/ noun U
judgment; opinion
The first novel was successful, whereas the
second, in my estimation, was not.

187. basis /ˈbeɪ·səs/
noun C

188. basis /ˈbeɪ·səs/
noun C
Pl: bases

189. basis /ˈbeɪ·səs/
noun C
Pl: bases
1- the most important facts or principles or
ideas that support something

190. basis /ˈbeɪ·səs/
noun C
Pl: bases
1- the most important facts or principles or
ideas that support something
There is no basis for their statements.

191. basis /ˈbeɪ·səs/
noun C
Pl: bases
1- the most important facts or principles or
ideas that support something
There is no basis for their statements.
2- a way or method of doing something:

192. basis /ˈbeɪ·səs/
noun C
Pl: bases
1- the most important facts or principles or
ideas that support something
There is no basis for their statements.
2- a way or method of doing something:
Mostly people work on a part-time basis.

193. basis /ˈbeɪ·səs/
noun C
Pl: bases
1- the most important facts or principles or
ideas that support something
There is no basis for their statements.
2- a way or method of doing something:
Mostly people work on a part-time basis.
 روش ، اساس

195. percent /pərˈsent/

196. percent /pərˈsent/

197. percent /pərˈsent/
per cent = pct = % adverb

198. percent /pərˈsent/
per cent = pct = % adverb
for or out of every 100

199. percent /pərˈsent/
per cent = pct = % adverb
for or out of every 100
You got 20 percent of the answers right.

200. percent /pərˈsent/
per cent = pct = % adverb
for or out of every 100
You got 20 percent of the answers right.
 درصد

201. percent /pərˈsent/
per cent = pct = % adverb
for or out of every 100
You got 20 percent of the answers right.
 درصد
percentage /pərˈsent·ɪdʒ/ noun C

202. percent /pərˈsent/
per cent = pct = % adverb
for or out of every 100
You got 20 percent of the answers right.
 درصد
percentage /pərˈsent·ɪdʒ/ noun C
an amount of something, often expressed as
a number out of 100

203. percent /pərˈsent/
per cent = pct = % adverb
for or out of every 100
You got 20 percent of the answers right.
 درصد
percentage /pərˈsent·ɪdʒ/ noun C
an amount of something, often expressed as
a number out of 100
TV ratings are based on the percentage of
sets tuned to a particular program.

205. rural /ˈrʊr·əl/

206. rural /ˈrʊr·əl/

207. rural /ˈrʊr·əl/

208. rural /ˈrʊr·əl/

209. rural /ˈrʊr·əl/
adjective

210. rural /ˈrʊr·əl/
adjective
in, of, or like the country (land not in cities)

211. rural /ˈrʊr·əl/
adjective
in, of, or like the country (land not in cities)
She grew up in rural Utah.

212. rural /ˈrʊr·əl/
adjective
in, of, or like the country (land not in cities)
She grew up in rural Utah.
 روستایی

213. rural /ˈrʊr·əl/
adjective
in, of, or like the country (land not in cities)
She grew up in rural Utah.
 روستایی
Compare: urban

215. / urban /ˈɜr·bən
adjective

216. / urban /ˈɜr·bən

217. / urban /ˈɜr·bən

218. / urban /ˈɜr·bən

219. / urban /ˈɜr·bən
adjective
of or in a city or town

220. / urban /ˈɜr·bən
adjective
of or in a city or town
Many Americans were leaving the farm for the
promise of urban life.

221. / urban /ˈɜr·bən
adjective
of or in a city or town
Many Americans were leaving the farm for the
promise of urban life.
Over 82% of Texans live in urban areas.

222. / urban /ˈɜr·bən
adjective
of or in a city or town
Many Americans were leaving the farm for the
promise of urban life.
Over 82% of Texans live in urban areas.
 شهری

223. / urban /ˈɜr·bən
adjective
of or in a city or town
Many Americans were leaving the farm for the
promise of urban life.
Over 82% of Texans live in urban areas.
 شهری
Compare: rural

225. agriculture /ˈæg·rəˌkʌl·tʃər/

226. agriculture /ˈæg·rəˌkʌl·tʃər/

227. agriculture /ˈæg·rəˌkʌl·tʃər/

228. agriculture /ˈæg·rəˌkʌl·tʃər/

229. agriculture /ˈæg·rəˌkʌl·tʃər/

230. agriculture /ˈæg·rəˌkʌl·tʃər/
noun U

231. agriculture /ˈæg·rəˌkʌl·tʃər/
noun U
the practice or work of farming

232. agriculture /ˈæg·rəˌkʌl·tʃər/
noun U
the practice or work of farming
Agriculture and tourism are both important to
the region’s economy.

233. agriculture /ˈæg·rəˌkʌl·tʃər/
noun U
the practice or work of farming
Agriculture and tourism are both important to
the region’s economy.
 کشاورزی

234. agriculture /ˈæg·rəˌkʌl·tʃər/
noun U
the practice or work of farming
Agriculture and tourism are both important to
the region’s economy.
 کشاورزی
agricultural /ˌæg·rəˈkʌl·tʃə·rəl/ adjective

235. agriculture /ˈæg·rəˌkʌl·tʃər/
noun U
the practice or work of farming
Agriculture and tourism are both important to
the region’s economy.
 کشاورزی
agricultural /ˌæg·rəˈkʌl·tʃə·rəl/ adjective
Chicago was an important shipping point for
agricultural products .

237. trade /treɪd/

238. trade /treɪd/

239. trade /treɪd/
noun C/U / verb I/T

240. trade /treɪd/
noun C/U / verb I/T
the activity of buying and selling goods and
services esp. between countries U foreign
trade

241. trade /treɪd/
noun C/U / verb I/T
the activity of buying and selling goods and
services esp. between countries U foreign
trade
a trade agreement

242. trade /treɪd/
noun C/U / verb I/T
the activity of buying and selling goods and
services esp. between countries U foreign
trade
a trade agreement
to buy, sell, or exchange goods

243. trade /treɪd/
noun C/U / verb I/T
the activity of buying and selling goods and
services esp. between countries U foreign
trade
a trade agreement
to buy, sell, or exchange goods
For centuries, Native Americans traded with
European settlers.

244. trade /treɪd/
noun C/U / verb I/T
the activity of buying and selling goods and
services esp. between countries U foreign
trade
a trade agreement
to buy, sell, or exchange goods
For centuries, Native Americans traded with
European settlers.
 خرید و فروش ، خرید و فروش کردن

246. service /ˈsɜr·vəs/
Noun

247. service /ˈsɜr·vəs/
noun
work done or help provided, esp. for the
public or for a person or an organization

248. service /ˈsɜr·vəs/
noun
work done or help provided, esp. for the
public or for a person or an organization
 U She was given the award for a lifetime of
public service.

249. service /ˈsɜr·vəs/
noun
work done or help provided, esp. for the
public or for a person or an organization
 U She was given the award for a lifetime of
public service.
U The airplane had been in service used for
fifteen years.

250. service /ˈsɜr·vəs/
noun
work done or help provided, esp. for the
public or for a person or an organization
 U She was given the award for a lifetime of
public service.
U The airplane had been in service used for
fifteen years.
 خدمات ، سرویس

252. manufacturing /ˌmæn·jəˈfæk·tʃə·rɪŋ/
noun U

253. manufacturing /ˌmæn·jəˈfæk·tʃə·rɪŋ/
noun U
the business of producing goods in factories

254. manufacturing /ˌmæn·jəˈfæk·tʃə·rɪŋ/
noun U
the business of producing goods in factories
 تولید

255. Word formation
manufacture /ˌmæn·jəˈfæk·tʃər/ verb T
to produce goods in large numbers
manufacture /ˌmæn·jəˈfæk·tʃər/ noun U
manufacturer /ˌmæn·jəˈfæk·tʃə·rər/ noun C
manufacturing /ˌmæn·jəˈfæk·tʃə·rɪŋ/ noun U

257. construction /kənˈstrʌk·ʃən/

258. construction /kənˈstrʌk·ʃən/

259. construction /kənˈstrʌk·ʃən/

260. construction /kənˈstrʌk·ʃən/

261. construction /kənˈstrʌk·ʃən/

262. construction /kənˈstrʌk·ʃən/
noun U

263. construction /kənˈstrʌk·ʃən/
noun U
the act or result of putting different things
together

264. construction /kənˈstrʌk·ʃən/
noun U
the act or result of putting different things
together
A new hotel is now under construction (being
built) .

265. construction /kənˈstrʌk·ʃən/
noun U
the act or result of putting different things
together
A new hotel is now under construction (being
built) .
 ساخت ، ساختن

266. wordformation
construct kənˈstrʌkt verb T
to build, put together different parts to form
something new
construction /kənˈstrʌk·ʃən/ noun U
constructive /kənˈstrʌk·tɪv/ adjective
intended to help someone or improve
understanding

268. domestic /dəˈmes·tɪk/
adjective

269. domestic /dəˈmes·tɪk/
adjective
relating to the home, house, or family

270. domestic /dəˈmes·tɪk/
adjective
relating to the home, house, or family
I’ve never been fond of domestic chores like
cooking and cleaning.

271. domestic /dəˈmes·tɪk/
adjective
relating to the home, house, or family
I’ve never been fond of domestic chores like
cooking and cleaning.
 خانگی ، اهلی

272. Word formation
domestic /dəˈmes·tɪk/ adjective
domestic /dəˈmes·tɪk/ noun C dated
domesticity /ˌdoʊˌmesˈtɪs·ət·̬i, -məs-/ noun U
domesticate /dəˈmes·tɪˌkeɪt/ verb T
domesticated /dəˈmes·təˌkeɪt·̬əd/ adjective
domestically /dəˈmes·tɪ·kli/ adverb

274. poverty /ˈpɑv·ərt·̬i/
noun U

275. poverty /ˈpɑv·ərt·̬i/
noun U
the condition of being poor

276. poverty /ˈpɑv·ərt·̬i/
noun U
the condition of being poor
He grew up in poverty.

277. poverty /ˈpɑv·ərt·̬i/
noun U
the condition of being poor
He grew up in poverty.
poor /pʊr, poʊr/ adjective -er/-est only

278. poverty /ˈpɑv·ərt·̬i/
noun U
the condition of being poor
He grew up in poverty.
poor /pʊr, poʊr/ adjective -er/-est only
having little money, or lacking sth important

279. poverty /ˈpɑv·ərt·̬i/
noun U
the condition of being poor
He grew up in poverty.
poor /pʊr, poʊr/ adjective -er/-est only
having little money, or lacking sth important
He came from a poor, immigrant family.

280. poverty /ˈpɑv·ərt·̬i/
noun U
the condition of being poor
He grew up in poverty.
poor /pʊr, poʊr/ adjective -er/-est only
having little money, or lacking sth important
He came from a poor, immigrant family.
Most of the world’s poorest countries are in Africa.

281. poverty /ˈpɑv·ərt·̬i/
noun U
the condition of being poor
He grew up in poverty.
poor /pʊr, poʊr/ adjective -er/-est only
having little money, or lacking sth important
He came from a poor, immigrant family.
Most of the world’s poorest countries are in Africa.
The country is poor in natural resources.

283. income /ˈɪn·kʌm, -kəm/
noun C/U

284. income /ˈɪn·kʌm, -kəm/
noun C/U
money that is earned from doing work or
received from investments

285. income /ˈɪn·kʌm, -kəm/
noun C/U
money that is earned from doing work or
received from investments
Your income is the total amount of money
that you earn by working or investing money.

286. income /ˈɪn·kʌm, -kəm/
noun C/U
money that is earned from doing work or
received from investments
Your income is the total amount of money
that you earn by working or investing money.
She has a monthly income of $2,400.

287. income /ˈɪn·kʌm, -kəm/
noun C/U
money that is earned from doing work or
received from investments
Your income is the total amount of money
that you earn by working or investing money.
She has a monthly income of $2,400.
 درآمد

289. prevent /prɪˈvent/
verb T

290. prevent /prɪˈvent/
verb T
to stop sth from happening or someone from
doing sth = keep from

291. prevent /prɪˈvent/
verb T
to stop sth from happening or someone from
doing sth = keep from
The police tried to prevent him from leaving.

292. prevent /prɪˈvent/
verb T
to stop sth from happening or someone from
doing sth = keep from
The police tried to prevent him from leaving.
Can this type of accident be prevented?

293. prevent /prɪˈvent/
verb T
to stop sth from happening or someone from
doing sth = keep from
The police tried to prevent him from leaving.
Can this type of accident be prevented?
 بازداشتن از ، جلوگیری کردن از

294. Word formation
prevent /prɪˈvent/ verb T
preventable /prɪˈvent·ə·bə/l adjective
prevention /prɪˈven·tʃən/ noun U
preventive /prɪˈvent·ɪv/
 preventative /prɪˈvent·ət·̬ɪv/ adjective
intended to stop something before it happens
preventive measures
preventative health care

296. unemployment /ˌʌn·ɪmˈplɔɪ·mənt/
noun U

297. unemployment /ˌʌn·ɪmˈplɔɪ·mənt/
noun U
not having a job that provides money,
or the number of people in this situation at
any time

298. unemployment /ˌʌn·ɪmˈplɔɪ·mənt/
noun U
not having a job that provides money,
or the number of people in this situation at
any time
high/low unemployment

299. unemployment /ˌʌn·ɪmˈplɔɪ·mənt/
noun U
not having a job that provides money,
or the number of people in this situation at
any time
high/low unemployment
The unemployment rate was 4 percent
in October.

300. unemployment /ˌʌn·ɪmˈplɔɪ·mənt/
noun U
not having a job that provides money,
or the number of people in this situation at
any time
high/low unemployment
The unemployment rate was 4 percent
in October.
 بیکاری

301. Word formation
employ /ɪmˈplɔɪ/ verb T
employee / m ɪ ˌplɔɪˈiː, em-/ noun C
employer /ɪmˈplɔɪ·ər/ noun C
employment /ɪmˈplɔɪ·mənt/ noun U
unemployment /ˌʌn·ɪmˈplɔɪ·mənt/ noun U
unemployed /ˌʌn·ɪmˈplɔɪd/ adjective
unemployed /ˌʌn·ɪmˈplɔɪd/ plural noun
self-employed /ˌsel·fɪmˈplɔɪd/ adjective

303. irrelevant /ɪˈrel·ə·vənt/
adjective

304. irrelevant /ɪˈrel·ə·vənt/
adjective
not related to what is being discussed or
considered = unsuitable

305. irrelevant /ɪˈrel·ə·vənt/
adjective
not related to what is being discussed or
considered = unsuitable
These documents are completely irrelevant to
the investigation.

306. irrelevant /ɪˈrel·ə·vənt/
adjective
not related to what is being discussed or
considered = unsuitable
These documents are completely irrelevant to
the investigation.
 نامربوط ، نامناسب

307. irrelevant /ɪˈrel·ə·vənt/
adjective
not related to what is being discussed or
considered = unsuitable
These documents are completely irrelevant to
the investigation.
 نامربوط ، نامناسب
irrelevance /ɪˈrel·ə·vəns/ irrelevancy /ɪ
ˈrel·ə·vən·si/ noun C/U

309. fail /feɪl/
verb I

310. fail /feɪl/
verb I
to not be able to do what you are trying to
achieve or are expected to do, not succeed

311. fail /feɪl/
verb I
to not be able to do what you are trying to
achieve or are expected to do, not succeed
She applied to Harvard University but failed
to get accepted.

312. fail /feɪl/
verb I
to not be able to do what you are trying to
achieve or are expected to do, not succeed
She applied to Harvard University but failed
to get accepted.
 شکست خوردن ، موفق نشدن

313. Other forms
fail /feɪl/ verb I
failed /feɪld/ adjective
unsuccessful
failure /ˈfeɪl·jər/ noun C/U
a lack of success in doing something

315. guarantee /ˌgær·ənˈtiː, ˈgær·ənˌtiː /
verb T

316. guarantee /ˌgær·ənˈtiː, ˈgær·ənˌtiː /
verb T
1- promise , provide

317. guarantee /ˌgær·ənˈtiː, ˈgær·ənˌtiː /
verb T
1- promise , provide
The freezer is guaranteed for three years.

318. guarantee /ˌgær·ənˈtiː, ˈgær·ənˌtiː /
verb T
1- promise , provide
The freezer is guaranteed for three years.
I guarantee (you) that our team will play hard
and have a shot at winning the championship.

319. guarantee /ˌgær·ənˈtiː, ˈgær·ənˌtiː /
verb T
1- promise , provide
The freezer is guaranteed for three years.
I guarantee (you) that our team will play hard
and have a shot at winning the championship.
2- be certain

320. guarantee /ˌgær·ənˈtiː, ˈgær·ənˌtiː /
verb T
1- promise , provide
The freezer is guaranteed for three years.
I guarantee (you) that our team will play hard
and have a shot at winning the championship.
2- be certain
 تضمین کردن ، ضمانت کردن

321. guarantee /ˌgær·ənˈtiː, ˈgær·ənˌtiː/
noun C/U
1- a promise that sth will be done or will
happen, esp. a written promise by a company
to repair or change a product that develops a
fault within a particular period of time
C: The vacuum cleaner comes with a two-year
guarantee.
2- the state of being certain of a particular
result:
 تضمین ، ضمانت ، ضمانت نامه

322. Self-employment
Working for one’s own business

324. hire /hɑɪr/
verb T

325. hire /hɑɪr/
verb T
to start to employ someone

326. hire /hɑɪr/
verb T
to start to employ someone
You ought to hire a lawyer to handle your
taxes.

327. hire /hɑɪr/
verb T
to start to employ someone
You ought to hire a lawyer to handle your
taxes.
noun C

328. hire /hɑɪr/
verb T
to start to employ someone
You ought to hire a lawyer to handle your
taxes.
noun C
an employee

329. hire /hɑɪr/
verb T
to start to employ someone
You ought to hire a lawyer to handle your
taxes.
noun C
an employee
Those retiring will be replaced by new hires.

330. hire /hɑɪr/
verb T
to start to employ someone
You ought to hire a lawyer to handle your
taxes.
noun C
an employee
Those retiring will be replaced by new hires.
 به کار گرفتن ، استخدام کردن

332. discipline /ˈdɪs·ə·plən, -ˌplɪn/
noun U / verb T

333. discipline /ˈdɪs·ə·plən, -ˌplɪn/
noun U / verb T
training or control that produces obedience
or self-control, to control

334. discipline /ˈdɪs·ə·plən, -ˌplɪn/
noun U / verb T
training or control that produces obedience
or self-control, to control
 military discipline

335. discipline /ˈdɪs·ə·plən, -ˌplɪn/
noun U / verb T
training or control that produces obedience
or self-control, to control
 military discipline
Learning a foreign language requires
discipline.

336. discipline /ˈdɪs·ə·plən, -ˌplɪn/
noun U / verb T
training or control that produces obedience
or self-control, to control
 military discipline
Learning a foreign language requires
discipline.
He was disciplined (punished for his bad
conduct.

337. discipline /ˈdɪs·ə·plən, -ˌplɪn/
noun U / verb T
training or control that produces obedience
or self-control, to control
 military discipline
Learning a foreign language requires
discipline.
He was disciplined (punished for his bad
conduct.
disciplinary /ˈdɪs·ə·pləˌner·i/ adjective

339. willing /ˈwɪl·ɪŋ/
adjective

340. willing /ˈwɪl·ɪŋ/
adjective
not opposed to doing something; ready or
eager to do something , wanting, interested

341. willing /ˈwɪl·ɪŋ/
adjective
not opposed to doing something; ready or
eager to do something , wanting, interested
If you’re willing to fly on Thursday you can
get a cheaper ticket.

342. willing /ˈwɪl·ɪŋ/
adjective
not opposed to doing something; ready or
eager to do something , wanting, interested
If you’re willing to fly on Thursday you can
get a cheaper ticket.
 مشتاق ، علقه مند

343. Word formation
will /wɪl/ noun C/U
will /wɪl/ verb T
willing /ˈwɪl·ɪŋ/ adjective
willingly /ˈwɪl·ɪŋ·li/ adverb
willingness /ˈwɪl·ɪŋ·nəs/ noun U

345. union /ˈjuːn·jən/
noun C

346. union /ˈjuːn·jən/
noun C
organization for people who do a special job

347. union /ˈjuːn·jən/
noun C
organization for people who do a special job
a labor union

348. union /ˈjuːn·jən/
noun C
organization for people who do a special job
a labor union
 اتحادیه

349. union /ˈjuːn·jən/
noun C
organization for people who do a special job
a labor union
 اتحادیه
unionize /ˈjuːn·jəˌnɑɪz/ verb I/T

350. union /ˈjuːn·jən/
noun C
organization for people who do a special job
a labor union
 اتحادیه
unionize /ˈjuːn·jəˌnɑɪz/ verb I/T
to form a labor union , or to organize workers
into a labor union

351. union /ˈjuːn·jən/
noun C
organization for people who do a special job
a labor union
 اتحادیه
unionize /ˈjuːn·jəˌnɑɪz/ verb I/T
to form a labor union , or to organize workers
into a labor union
 اتحادیه تشکیل دادن

352. labor union
labour union short form union noun C
an organization of workers that protects their
rights and represents them in discussions with
employers over such matters as pay and
working conditions
 اتحادیه کارگری

354. / strategy /ˈstræt·̬ə·dʒi
noun C/U

355. / strategy /ˈstræt·̬ə·dʒi
noun C/U
a long-range plan for achieving sth or
reaching a goal, or the skill of making such
plans

356. / strategy /ˈstræt·̬ə·dʒi
noun C/U
a long-range plan for achieving sth or
reaching a goal, or the skill of making such
plans
U Chess is a game that requires strategy.

357. / strategy /ˈstræt·̬ə·dʒi
noun C/U
a long-range plan for achieving sth or
reaching a goal, or the skill of making such
plans
U Chess is a game that requires strategy.
 طرح ، برنامه ، استراتژی

358. Word formation
strategy /ˈstræt·̬ə·dʒi/ noun C/U
strategic /strəˈtiː·dʒɪk/ adjective
strategically /strəˈtiː·dʒɪk·li/ adverb
strategist /ˈstræt·̬ə·dʒəst/ noun C
someone who is skilled in planning,

360. remove /rɪˈmuːv/
verb T

361. remove /rɪˈmuːv/
verb T
to take sth away from an object, group, or
place

362. remove /rɪˈmuːv/
verb T
to take sth away from an object, group, or
place
Please remove your books from the counter.

363. remove /rɪˈmuːv/
verb T
to take sth away from an object, group, or
place
Please remove your books from the counter.
He was removed from office forced to leave
an official position .

364. remove /rɪˈmuːv/
verb T
to take sth away from an object, group, or
place
Please remove your books from the counter.
He was removed from office forced to leave
an official position .
 برداشتن ،کنار زدن

365. Word formation
remove /rɪˈmuːv/ verb T
removal /rɪˈmuː·vəl/ noun U
removable /ɪˈmuː·və·bəl/ adjective
able to be removed
remover /riˈmuː·vər/ noun U
paint remover

367. encourage /ɪnˈkʌ·rɪdʒ/
verb T

368. encourage /ɪnˈkʌ·rɪdʒ/
verb T
to help sb to feel confident and able to do sth

369. encourage /ɪnˈkʌ·rɪdʒ/
verb T
to help sb to feel confident and able to do sth
to give advice to sb to do sth

370. encourage /ɪnˈkʌ·rɪdʒ/
verb T
to help sb to feel confident and able to do sth
to give advice to sb to do sth
support

371. encourage /ɪnˈkʌ·rɪdʒ/
verb T
to help sb to feel confident and able to do sth
to give advice to sb to do sth
support
 Our parents always encouraged us to ask
questions.

372. encourage /ɪnˈkʌ·rɪdʒ/
verb T
to help sb to feel confident and able to do sth
to give advice to sb to do sth
support
 Our parents always encouraged us to ask
questions.
The city needs to encourage job creation.

373. encourage /ɪnˈkʌ·rɪdʒ/
verb T
to help sb to feel confident and able to do sth
to give advice to sb to do sth
support
 Our parents always encouraged us to ask
questions.
The city needs to encourage job creation.
 تشویق کردن ، کمک کردن

374. Word formation
encourage /ɪnˈkɜr·ɪdʒ, -ˈkʌ·rɪdʒ/ verb T
encouraging /ɪnˈkɜr·ə·dʒɪŋ, -ˈkʌ·rə-/ adjective
encouragement /ɪnˈkɜr·ɪdʒ·mənt, -ˈkʌ·rɪdʒ-/
noun U
My parents gave me encouragement and
support.

376. fund /fʌnd/
noun C

377. fund /fʌnd/
noun C
a sum of money saved and made available for
a particular purpose

378. fund /fʌnd/
noun C
a sum of money saved and made available for
a particular purpose
a scholarship fund for college students

379. fund /fʌnd/
noun C
a sum of money saved and made available for
a particular purpose
a scholarship fund for college students
 صندوق ، پشتوانه ، کمک

380. Other forms
fund /fʌnd/ noun C
fund /fʌnd/ verb T
funder /ˈfʌn·dər/ noun C
funding /ˈfʌn·dɪŋ/ noun U
money made available for a particular
purpose
funds /ˈfʌndz/ plural noun
money, often money for a specific purpose

381. collocation
Express hope = اظهار امیدواری کردن
Express regret = اظهار تاسف کردن
Express certainty = اظهار اطمینان کردن

383. whereas /hwerˈæz, wer/
conjunction

384. whereas /hwerˈæz, wer/
conjunction
compared with the fact that; but = while

385. whereas /hwerˈæz, wer/
conjunction
compared with the fact that; but = while
In Los Angeles, a chief cause of this pollution
is paved-road dust, whereas in San Diego, it's
smoke from fireplaces.

386. whereas /hwerˈæz, wer/
conjunction
compared with the fact that; but = while
In Los Angeles, a chief cause of this pollution
is paved-road dust, whereas in San Diego, it's
smoke from fireplaces.
 در حالیکه

388. indoor /ˌɪnˌdɔːr, -ˌdoʊr/
Adjective

389. indoor /ˌɪnˌdɔːr, -ˌdoʊr/
adjective
happening, used, or being inside a building

390. indoor /ˌɪnˌdɔːr, -ˌdoʊr/
adjective
happening, used, or being inside a building
indoor sports

391. indoor /ˌɪnˌdɔːr, -ˌdoʊr/
adjective
happening, used, or being inside a building
indoor sports
indoor plumbing

392. indoor /ˌɪnˌdɔːr, -ˌdoʊr/
adjective
happening, used, or being inside a building
indoor sports
indoor plumbing
an indoor swimming pool

393. indoor /ˌɪnˌdɔːr, -ˌdoʊr/
adjective
happening, used, or being inside a building
indoor sports
indoor plumbing
an indoor swimming pool
Opposite: outdoor

394. indoor /ˌɪnˌdɔːr, -ˌdoʊr/
adjective
happening, used, or being inside a building
indoor sports
indoor plumbing
an indoor swimming pool
Opposite: outdoor
indoors /ɪnˈdɔːrz, -ˈdoʊrz/ adverb

395. indoor /ˌɪnˌdɔːr, -ˌdoʊr/
adjective
happening, used, or being inside a building
indoor sports
indoor plumbing
an indoor swimming pool
Opposite: outdoor
indoors /ɪnˈdɔːrz, -ˈdoʊrz/ adverb
Come indoors, it’s cold outside.

397. outdoor /ˌɑʊtˌdɔːr, -ˌdoʊr/
Adjective

398. outdoor /ˌɑʊtˌdɔːr, -ˌdoʊr/
adjective
existing, happening, or done outside a
building

399. outdoor /ˌɑʊtˌdɔːr, -ˌdoʊr/
adjective
existing, happening, or done outside a
building
The city’s outdoor pools open June 19th.

400. outdoor /ˌɑʊtˌdɔːr, -ˌdoʊr/
adjective
existing, happening, or done outside a
building
The city’s outdoor pools open June 19th.
outdoors /ɑʊtˈdɔːrz, -ˈdoʊrz/ out of doors
adverb

401. outdoor /ˌɑʊtˌdɔːr, -ˌdoʊr/
adjective
existing, happening, or done outside a
building
The city’s outdoor pools open June 19th.
outdoors /ɑʊtˈdɔːrz, -ˈdoʊrz/ out of doors
adverb
out in the air, not in a building

402. outdoor /ˌɑʊtˌdɔːr, -ˌdoʊr/
adjective
existing, happening, or done outside a
building
The city’s outdoor pools open June 19th.
outdoors /ɑʊtˈdɔːrz, -ˈdoʊrz/ out of doors
adverb
out in the air, not in a building
We’ll eat outdoors.

403. outdoor /ˌɑʊtˌdɔːr, -ˌdoʊr/
adjective
existing, happening, or done outside a
building
The city’s outdoor pools open June 19th.
outdoors /ɑʊtˈdɔːrz, -ˈdoʊrz/ out of doors
adverb
out in the air, not in a building
We’ll eat outdoors.
The kids are playing outdoors.

404. outdoor /ˌɑʊtˌdɔːr, -ˌdoʊr/
adjective
existing, happening, or done outside a
building
The city’s outdoor pools open June 19th.
outdoors /ɑʊtˈdɔːrz, -ˈdoʊrz/ out of doors
adverb
out in the air, not in a building
We’ll eat outdoors.
The kids are playing outdoors.
out-of-doors: noun U

405. outdoor /ˌɑʊtˌdɔːr, -ˌdoʊr/
adjective
existing, happening, or done outside a
building
The city’s outdoor pools open June 19th.
outdoors /ɑʊtˈdɔːrz, -ˈdoʊrz/ out of doors
adverb
out in the air, not in a building
We’ll eat outdoors.
The kids are playing outdoors.
out-of-doors: noun U
Mike enjoys the outdoors.