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Earth science and geology is the study of the Earth, including its composition, structure, physical properties, and history. Some key areas of focus include geology, the study of the age and structure of the Earth; geomorphology, the study of surface landforms and their evolution; and historical geology, the use of rocks and fossils to understand the past history of the Earth. The document also outlines various subdisciplines within geology like mineralogy, petrology, economic geology, and allied sciences like geochemistry, geophysics, and oceanography that involve applying other fields to geological problems and phenomena.
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This document outlines 9 fundamental concepts in geomorphology. It introduces geomorphology as the description and interpretation of earth's landforms. Some key concepts discussed are:
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2. Branches of geology like physical geology, petrology, structural geology, and their focus on natural earth processes, rock origins and structures.
3. Key geological concepts like weathering, rock excavation methods, faults, folds, strike and dip, and seismic waves from earthquakes.
4. The importance of understanding local geology for planning major engineering works.
Introduction-of-Geology.pdf
This document discusses the role of geology in civil engineering. It begins with defining geology and its various branches including geochemistry, geologist, geological survey, and geological maps. It then discusses the different branches of geology such as physical geology, crystallography, mineralogy, petrology, structural geology, and stratigraphy. The document emphasizes that civil engineering geology involves applying geological knowledge to ensure safety, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness of engineering projects. Finally, it outlines the key roles of geology for civil engineering projects, which include providing construction materials, assisting with soil conservation and river/coastal works, aiding tunneling and road works, informing dam, bridge and building designs, assessing groundwater, creating geological
Geology and branches of geology
Geology is the study of the Earth, including its composition, structure, physical properties, and history. It plays an important role in civil engineering by providing knowledge about soil and rock properties, which is necessary for foundation design, construction of highways, tunnels, and dams. The main branches of geology include physical geology, mineralogy, petrology, geomorphology, historical geology, economic geology, and others. Geology provides critical information for planning, designing, and constructing engineering projects and for mining activities.
Engineeringgeology
Engineering Geology is a 3 credit course that involves lectures, tutorials, and field practice. The scope of engineering geology is the application of geology to solve problems in civil engineering projects related to construction, water resource development, and town planning. A brief history of the formation of the Earth and crust is provided, including how the early Earth cooled and formed igneous rocks, water condensed to form oceans, and sedimentary rocks accumulated over time through weathering and deposition.
Geology
Geology is the study of the physical structure and substance of the Earth. It provides knowledge about construction materials like stones and clay. It also helps understand natural geological processes like erosion that impact civil engineering projects. Geology is important for determining suitable foundations, exploring ground conditions via drilling, and planning major projects like dams, roads and tunnels. The study of geology includes physical geology, petrology, structural geology, and the weathering of rocks. Physical geology examines how the Earth's surface and interior change over time. Petrology studies the origin, composition and structure of different rock types. Structural geology analyzes the three-dimensional distribution of rocks and their deformation history. Weathering breaks down rocks through mechanical and chemical processes.
Geology
1. Geology is the science that studies the physical structure and composition of the Earth, as well as the processes that act on it.
2. Geology provides knowledge about construction materials like stones and clay that are important for civil engineering projects. It also helps understand natural geological processes like erosion that impact projects.
3. Geology is important for understanding groundwater resources and interpreting drilling data for projects like dams and bridges to ensure stable foundations.
Geological Survey Civil Engineering 3rd PDF
Engineering geology and Geo morphology. This ppt shows land slice and its behaviour by change of long term of displaced occurred by an earthquake.
Engineering Geology
This document provides an overview of engineering geology and its scope. It discusses how geology relates to civil engineering projects in areas like construction, water resource development, and town planning. Key points covered include:
- Engineering geology deals with applying geology principles to safe and economic design of civil engineering projects.
- Geological maps, hydrological maps, and topographical maps are important for planning projects.
- Geological characteristics like bedrock, mechanical properties, and seismic activity influence project design.
- Geological knowledge aids in quality control of construction materials and sensitive construction areas.
- Geology is relevant for water resource exploration, development, and the water cycle understanding.
- Land utilization and regional planning requires considering natural geological features and
Introduction.ppt
Geology is the study of the Earth, its composition, structure and processes. It is important for civil engineering as it provides information about construction materials and site conditions. Geology helps in planning, design and construction of projects. It is also useful for mining engineering and groundwater resource development. Geology can be divided into physical geology and historical geology. The main branches of geology include mineralogy, petrology, structural geology, geomorphology, economic geology, stratigraphy, paleontology and paleogeography.
مقدمة وتعريف قناة جيوفيليا ونبذة قصيرة عن علم الجيولوجيا
This document provides information about the field of geology and the Geophilia YouTube channel and website. It defines geology as the study of the Earth, including its composition, history, and processes. It outlines the major branches of geology like geophysics, paleontology, and hydrogeology. It describes the scope of courses available on the Geophilia channel which cover individual topics in 1-2 months or the full field in 1-1.5 years. Certificates can be earned by passing exams. The document encourages learning geology through the non-academic route of self-education using their online resources.
What is geology and scope of geology
Geology is the study of the Earth, including its composition, structure, physical properties, history and the processes that shape it. The document outlines several key branches of geology, including economic geology, mining geology, petroleum geology, engineering geology, environmental geology, geochemistry, geomorphology, geophysics, historical geology, hydrogeology, mineralogy, paleontology, petrology, structural geology, sedimentology, stratigraphy and volcanology. Each branch deals with different aspects of the Earth and geological processes. Engineering geology specifically applies geological knowledge to civil engineering projects regarding construction materials, site selection, and safe design and construction.
INTRODUCTION TO GEOLOGY
This document provides an overview of the different branches of geology. It discusses the definition of geology as the study of the Earth, including its origin, structure, composition and history. Some of the key branches mentioned include physical geology, mineralogy, crystallography, petrology, structural geology, geophysics, stratigraphy, geochemistry, paleontology, historical geology, economic geology, mining geology, hydrogeology, geology of Pakistan, resources engineering, photo geology, remote sensing, engineering geology, and field geology. Each branch is studied to better understand different aspects of the Earth and its materials.
unit_-_1.pptx
This document provides an introduction to the field of geomorphology. It defines geomorphology as the study of landforms and the processes that create them. Some key points made in the document include:
- Geomorphology examines both the natural physical features of the Earth's surface like mountains, valleys, and river deltas, as well as the processes that form and modify these landforms over various temporal and spatial scales.
- There are two main approaches in geomorphology - historical geomorphology, which focuses on the evolution of landscapes over time, and process geomorphology, which examines the mechanics of geomorphic processes.
- Geomorphology is relevant to fields like geology, engineering, archaeology and
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مقدمة وتعريف قناة جيوفيليا ونبذة قصيرة عن علم الجيولوجيا
مقدمة وتعريف قناة جيوفيليا ونبذة قصيرة عن علم الجيولوجيا
Recently uploaded
fermented food science of sauerkraut.pptx
This ppt contains the production of a fermented food name - sauerkraut
Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE .
Austrian-Slovenian HPC Meeting 2024 – ASHPC24, Seeblickhotel Grundlsee in Austria, 10–13 June 2024
https://ashpc.eu/
HUMAN EYE By-R.M Class 10 phy best digital notes.pdf
Class 10 human eye notes physics
Handwritten best quality
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
CLASS 12th CHEMISTRY SOLID STATE ppt (Animated)
Description:
Dive into the fascinating realm of solid-state physics with our meticulously crafted online PowerPoint presentation. This immersive educational resource offers a comprehensive exploration of the fundamental concepts, theories, and applications within the realm of solid-state physics.
From crystalline structures to semiconductor devices, this presentation delves into the intricate principles governing the behavior of solids, providing clear explanations and illustrative examples to enhance understanding. Whether you're a student delving into the subject for the first time or a seasoned researcher seeking to deepen your knowledge, our presentation offers valuable insights and in-depth analyses to cater to various levels of expertise.
Key topics covered include:
Crystal Structures: Unravel the mysteries of crystalline arrangements and their significance in determining material properties.
Band Theory: Explore the electronic band structure of solids and understand how it influences their conductive properties.
Semiconductor Physics: Delve into the behavior of semiconductors, including doping, carrier transport, and device applications.
Magnetic Properties: Investigate the magnetic behavior of solids, including ferromagnetism, antiferromagnetism, and ferrimagnetism.
Optical Properties: Examine the interaction of light with solids, including absorption, reflection, and transmission phenomena.
With visually engaging slides, informative content, and interactive elements, our online PowerPoint presentation serves as a valuable resource for students, educators, and enthusiasts alike, facilitating a deeper understanding of the captivating world of solid-state physics. Explore the intricacies of solid-state materials and unlock the secrets behind their remarkable properties with our comprehensive presentation.
Summary Of transcription and Translation.pdf
Hello Everyone Here We are Sharing You with The process of protien Synthesis in very short points you will be Able to understand It Very well
The cost of acquiring information by natural selection
This is a short talk that I gave at the Banff International Research Station workshop on Modeling and Theory in Population Biology. The idea is to try to understand how the burden of natural selection relates to the amount of information that selection puts into the genome.
It's based on the first part of this research paper:
The cost of information acquisition by natural selection
Ryan Seamus McGee, Olivia Kosterlitz, Artem Kaznatcheev, Benjamin Kerr, Carl T. Bergstrom
bioRxiv 2022.07.02.498577; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.02.498577
Farming systems analysis: what have we learnt?.pptx
Presentation given at the official farewell of Prof Ken Gillet at Wageningen on 13 June 2024
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
Pests of Storage_Identification_Dr.UPR.pdf
InIndia-post-harvestlosses-unscientificstorage,insects,rodents,micro-organismsetc.,accountforabout10percentoftotalfoodgrains
Graininfestation
Directdamage
Indirectly
•theexuviae,skin,deadinsects
•theirexcretawhichmakefoodunfitforhumanconsumption
About600speciesofinsectshavebeenassociatedwithstoredgrainproducts
100speciesofinsectpestsofstoredproductscauseeconomiclosses
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
Direct Seeded Rice - Climate Smart Agriculture
Direct Seeded Rice - Climate Smart AgricultureInternational Food Policy Research Institute- South Asia Office
PPT on Direct Seeded Rice presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024.
在线办理(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证毕业完成信一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
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留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
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Evidence of Jet Activity from the Secondary Black Hole in the OJ 287 Binary S...
Wereport the study of a huge optical intraday flare on 2021 November 12 at 2 a.m. UT in the blazar OJ287. In the binary black hole model, it is associated with an impact of the secondary black hole on the accretion disk of the primary. Our multifrequency observing campaign was set up to search for such a signature of the impact based on a prediction made 8 yr earlier. The first I-band results of the flare have already been reported by Kishore et al. (2024). Here we combine these data with our monitoring in the R-band. There is a big change in the R–I spectral index by 1.0 ±0.1 between the normal background and the flare, suggesting a new component of radiation. The polarization variation during the rise of the flare suggests the same. The limits on the source size place it most reasonably in the jet of the secondary BH. We then ask why we have not seen this phenomenon before. We show that OJ287 was never before observed with sufficient sensitivity on the night when the flare should have happened according to the binary model. We also study the probability that this flare is just an oversized example of intraday variability using the Krakow data set of intense monitoring between 2015 and 2023. We find that the occurrence of a flare of this size and rapidity is unlikely. In machine-readable Tables 1 and 2, we give the full orbit-linked historical light curve of OJ287 as well as the dense monitoring sample of Krakow.
Alternate Wetting and Drying - Climate Smart Agriculture
Alternate Wetting and Drying - Climate Smart AgricultureInternational Food Policy Research Institute- South Asia Office
PPT on Alternate Wetting and Drying presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024. ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...Advanced-Concepts-Team
Presentation in the Science Coffee of the Advanced Concepts Team of the European Space Agency on the 07.06.2024.
Speaker: Diego Blas (IFAE/ICREA)
Title: Gravitational wave detection with orbital motion of Moon and artificial
Abstract:
In this talk I will describe some recent ideas to find gravitational waves from supermassive black holes or of primordial origin by studying their secular effect on the orbital motion of the Moon or satellites that are laser ranged.Recently uploaded (20)
HUMAN EYE By-R.M Class 10 phy best digital notes.pdf
HUMAN EYE By-R.M Class 10 phy best digital notes.pdf
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
The cost of acquiring information by natural selection
The cost of acquiring information by natural selection
Farming systems analysis: what have we learnt?.pptx
Farming systems analysis: what have we learnt?.pptx
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
Juaristi, Jon. - El canon espanol. El legado de la cultura española a la civi...
Juaristi, Jon. - El canon espanol. El legado de la cultura española a la civi...
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
Tissue fluids_etiology_volume regulation_pressure.pptx
Tissue fluids_etiology_volume regulation_pressure.pptx
Evidence of Jet Activity from the Secondary Black Hole in the OJ 287 Binary S...
Evidence of Jet Activity from the Secondary Black Hole in the OJ 287 Binary S...
Alternate Wetting and Drying - Climate Smart Agriculture
Alternate Wetting and Drying - Climate Smart Agriculture
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...
Earth sciences
- 1. Earth Science & Geology
- 3. Earth Sciences • Geology (from Greek geo= Earth; logos = science), Science deals with the study of age and Structure of the earth. • Evolution, modification and extinction of various surface and subsurface physical features. • Materials of the earth, Interaction of 3 sphere. • Study of various physio and dynamic process’s.
- 4. Sub Divisions of Geology
- 7. A. Physical Geology • Origin, development and ultimate fate of various surface features and internal features. • Internal agents ( Volcanism and earthquake). • External agents ( Wind, water and ice) on physical features.
- 9. B. Geomorphology • Part of physical geology, study of surface features of earth. • Structure and evolution of these landforms.
- 11. C. Mineralogy • Minerals are basic units. • Deals with formation, occurrence, aggregation and uses of minerals. • Sub- branches and evolution of these landforms.
- 13. D. Petrology • Rock- Natural aggregated form. • Formation, mode of occurrence, composition, textures and structure of different rocks. • Igneous, Sedimentary and metamorphic petrology are branches. • Petrography- Nature and distribution of rocks (geological explanation governing such distribution).
- 15. E. Historical Geology • Past history studied with rocks and features associated with them. • Rocks contain evidence of nature and time of their formation, composition, magnetism, structural disposition and etc. • Fossils (Remains of ancient life). • Paleo geography, palaeontology and stratigraphy are subdivisions.
- 17. F. Economic geology • Study of economic, minerals, rocks and other materials (fuels). • Exploited for Man benefit. • Variety of ores of metals and non-metals, building stones, salt deposits, fuels (Coal, petroleum, natural gas, atomic minerals and industrial materials for refractories, abrasives and insulations and manufacture of chemicals. • Mode of occurrence, principles for formation and accumulation, properties, controls on it and extraction at economic costs.
- 18. Allied Sciences
- 20. A. Geochemistry • Dealing with chemical construction of the earth. • Distribution and relative abundance of different elements. • Trends of reorganization in the elements of earth during geological history through the surface and subsurface process’s.
- 22. B. Geophysics • Methods of physics applied to solve geological problems. • Identification of water and oil bearing strata by geophysical methods. • I.e. Geomagnetism, Geo thermometry, Geo electricity, Geo cosmology and seismology.
- 24. C. Geohydrology • Geological aspects of groundwater and surface water bodies with regards to their occurrence and movements through different rock types.
- 26. D. Mining Geology • Geology applied to mining and quarrying practice. • For the exploration and exploitation of economic minerals deposit.
- 28. E. Engineering Geology • Interaction between the civil engineering and geological sciences. • Geo technical studies of the sites of major projects.
- 30. F. Rock Mechanics • Study of behaviour of rocks under various types of load’s imposed on them (laboratory). • Study of factors geological or responsible for observed and expected behaviour of rocks under different force fields.
- 32. G. Geo Mechanics • Study of natural force fields as acting on the earth on global and regional levels. • Force responsible for the development and disposition of these major features.
- 34. H. Meteorology • Study of atmosphere (physical, chemical and biological aspects). • About weather, study of space through satellite’s.
- 36. I. Oceanography • Study of oceans (physical, structural, genetic and other aspects).
- 37. The End