This document discusses the role of geology in civil engineering. It begins with defining geology and its various branches including geochemistry, geologist, geological survey, and geological maps. It then discusses the different branches of geology such as physical geology, crystallography, mineralogy, petrology, structural geology, and stratigraphy. The document emphasizes that civil engineering geology involves applying geological knowledge to ensure safety, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness of engineering projects. Finally, it outlines the key roles of geology for civil engineering projects, which include providing construction materials, assisting with soil conservation and river/coastal works, aiding tunneling and road works, informing dam, bridge and building designs, assessing groundwater, creating geological

1. Engineering
Geology

2. Table of contents
What is Geology? Branches of
Geology
Importance of
Geology in CE
Role of Geology
in CE
01 02 03 04

3. What is Geology?
• Geology is derived from Greek word geo means
Earth and logos means science.
• Geology is the study of solid Earth. It is known
as Earth Science.
• Geology includes the investigation of the rocks
forming the Earth (petrology) and of how they
are distributed (structure) and their
constituents (mineralogy and crystallography).
• Geology feels the pulse of the earth which we
are living on.

4. Geochemistry
• is a study of the chemistry of rocks and the distribution of major and trace elements in
rocks, rock suites, and minerals.

5. Geologist
• the people who contribute their part through the discovery of new deposits of rocks and
minerals of economic value.

6. Geological Survey
• systematic investigation of the geology beneath a given piece of ground for the purpose
of creating a geological map.

7. Geological Map
• is a special purpose map made to show various geological features.
Three types of map: topographic, cross-sectional and structural.
1. Topographic Map- which is a map where locations of equal elevations are connected by
lines.
Contour lines- lines that connected the elevations of locations.

8. 2. Cross-sectional map-shows the section from the side.
Section line- is a straight line drawn on a topographic map.
3. Structural map-shows the geologic features of an area
including features such as the type of rocks and geologic
structures that are in area.

9. Geophysics
• the twin science of geology. A set of techniques has been evolved for exploring the
distribution of rocks

10. Engineering Practice with Rocks and Soils in India
1. Prehistoric Time- Stone Age Indians were knowledgeable in selecting hard
and durable stones. They developed techniques for making tools and
weapons of various designs from these stones for their domestic use and
hunting.
2. Early Historic Time- Many engineering structures were built in India during
the early historic times. Megasthense (nearly 300 BC), the Greek ambassador
to India wrote about the presence of sluice structures constructed for
distribution of water to the people.

11. Different Branches of Geology
1. Physical Geology
2. Crystallography
3. Mineralogy
4. Petrology
5. Structural Geology
6. Stratigraphy
7. Paleontology
8. Historical Geology
9. Economic Geology
10. Mining Geology
11. Civil Engineering Geology
12. Hydrology
13. Indian Geology
14. Resources Engineering
15. Photo Geology

12. 1. Physical Geology
• as a branch of geology, it deals with the various process of physical agents such as wind,
water, glaciers and sea waves run on these agents go on modifying the surface of the
earth continuously.

13. ETD (erosion, transportation & deposition)
• this cyclic process is important in modifying the surface of the earth.
The study of physical geology plays a vital role in civil engineering thus:
1. It reveals the constructive and destructive processes of the physical agents at a
particular site/ place.
2. It helps in selecting a suitable site physically, chemically and mechanically.

14. 2. Crystallography
• as a branch of geology, it deals with the study of crystals.
Crystal- is a regular polyhedral form bounded by smooth surfaces.

15. 3. Mineralogy
• as a branch of geology, it deals with the study of minerals.
Mineral- defined as a naturally occurring homogenous solid, inorganically forced, having a
definite chemical composition.

16. 4. Petrology
• as a branch of geology, it deals with the study of rocks.
Rock- defined as the aggregation of minerals found in the earth’s crust.
Different rocks: igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic.
The study of petrology is most important for civil engineering in the selection of
suitable rocks for building stones, road metals and etc.

17. 5. Structural Geology
• as a branch of geology, it deals with the study of structures found in rocks. Also known as
tectonic geology or simply tectonics

18. 6. Stratigraphy
• as a branch of geology, it deals with the study of stratified rocks and their correlation.

19. 7. Paleontology
• as a branch of geology, it deals with the study of fossils and the ancient remains of
plants and animals.

20. 8. Historical Geology
• as a branch of geology, it deals the study of both stratigraphy and paleontology.

21. 9. Economic Geology
• as a branch of geology, it deals with the study of minerals, rocks and materials of
economic importance like coal and petroleum.

22. 10. Mining Geology
• as a branch of geology, it deals with the study of application of geology to mining
engineering in such a way that the selection of suitable sites for quarrying and mines
can be determined.

23. 11. Hydrology
• as a branch of geology, it deals with the studies of both quality and quantify of water that
are present in the rocks in the different states.

24. 12. Indian Geology
• as a branch of geology, it deals with the study of our motherland in connection with the
coal/ petroleum, physiography, stratigraphy and economic mineral of India.

25. 13. Resources Engineering
• as a branch of geology, it deals with the study of water, land, solar energy, atmosphere,
mineral, forests and etc.

26. 14. Photo Geology
• as a branch of geology, it deals with the study of aerial photographs.

27. 15. Civil Engineering Geology
• as a branch of geology, it deals with all the geological problems that arise in the field of
civil engineering along with suitable treatments.

28. 15. Civil Engineering Geology
1. Involves the application of knowledge of geosciences to ensure safety,
efficacy and economy of engineering projects.
2. Essential for proper location, planning, design, construction operation and
maintenance of engineering structures.
3. Engineering geology is associated wit the assessment and implementation
of corrective measures for a wide variety of natural and man-made hazards.

29. Importance
of
Geology for
Civil
Engineering

30. Importance of Geology for
Civil Engineering
● Knowledge of engineering geology is crucial to
detect potential geological problems of a project
and to identify their rational solutions.
● Engineering geology contributes to the development
activity of a country that necessitates construction
of high dams, large reservoirs, long tunnels,
railways, highways, and several other engineering
structures.
● It provides constant help to civil engineering
activities by identifying geological defects and
suggesting measures for their rectification.
● Engineering geology strives to achieve stability,
safety, and economy in constructing civil
engineering structures.

31. The Role
of
Geology for
Civil
Engineering

32. 1. Systematic knowledge of the construction
materials, their structure and their properties.
2. Erosion, transportation and deposition (ETD)
help:
-Soil conservation
-River control
-Coastal and harbor works
3. Tunneling, road works, cut works
4. Dams, bridges and buildings
5. Knowledge of groundwater
6. Geological maps for planning projects
7. Faults, joints, beds and their solution
Role of Geology for Civil
Engineering

33. THANKYOU!!!