This document provides an introduction to the field of geomorphology. It defines geomorphology as the study of landforms and the processes that create them. Some key points made in the document include:
- Geomorphology examines both the natural physical features of the Earth's surface like mountains, valleys, and river deltas, as well as the processes that form and modify these landforms over various temporal and spatial scales.
- There are two main approaches in geomorphology - historical geomorphology, which focuses on the evolution of landscapes over time, and process geomorphology, which examines the mechanics of geomorphic processes.
- Geomorphology is relevant to fields like geology, engineering, archaeology and
Topography, landform and geomorphology-Geomorhology ChapterKaium Chowdhury
This document provides definitions and information about topography, landforms, and geomorphology. It defines topography as the elevation and relief of the Earth's surface, landforms as the topographic features, and geomorphology as the study of earth surface processes and landforms. It discusses various landforms including those formed by tectonic, depositional, weathering, erosion, and mass wasting processes. It also covers related topics like uniformitarianism, the genetic classification of landforms, crustal orders of relief, and important deformation processes like folding and faulting.
The document discusses 10 key concepts in geomorphology. It begins by defining geomorphology as the study of landforms and their formation and development. It then explains each concept in 1-2 paragraphs with examples. The concepts are: 1) Uniformitarianism, 2) Role of geologic structure, 3) Differential erosion rates, 4) Distinct landforms from geomorphic processes, 5) Geomorphic cycles, 6) Complex geomorphic evolution, 7) Young topography, 8) Impact of Pleistocene climate change, 9) Role of climate on processes, 10) Historical approach. The document concludes with a quick review of the 10 concepts.
Geology is the scientific study of the all constituents of planets, their internal and external forms and processes. More precisely, it is the study of nature, structure and history of the planet. Earth is the home to all life, well known to the humankind. Geology, itself, is a major part of The Earth and atmospheric sciences, which were born as twins . The subject of geology encompasses all aspects including the composition, structure, physical properties, and history of a planets'( like Earth's) inter-related components and the processes that are shaping the features on the surface. Geologists are the scientists who study the origin, occurrence, distribution and utilities of all materials(metallic, non-metallic, inorganic, etc), minerals, rocks, sediments, soils, water, oil and all other inorganic natural resources. It is a very vast subject covering a wide spectrum of scientific principles and holding hundred and fifty plus scientific branches. This report enumerates and highlights most of them, in a nutshell, for all those who intends to know for planning their career path.
Geomorphology is the study of landforms and the processes that shape the Earth's surface. Some key concepts in geomorphology include:
- The present is key to understanding the past, as the same surface processes have operated over geologic time.
- Geological structure influences landform evolution and is reflected in landforms.
- Geomorphic processes each develop characteristic landforms.
- Landforms evolve in an orderly sequence as erosional processes act over time.
- Geomorphic systems dominate large areas and landscapes can be summarized in physiographic maps.
Geomorphology at a glance: Major landformsP.K. Mani
Geomorphology, Major landforms, Genetic landform classifications, Volcanic landforms, River Systems and Fluvial Landforms, Aeolian Landforms, Glacial Landforms
The document discusses the scientific study of landforms and the processes that shape them, known as geomorphology. It is a composite science that studies landforms and investigates the processes that cause and alter them. Geomorphology is practiced within several related fields. Some key processes discussed include weathering, erosion, transportation, deposition, and mass movement. Both exogenous processes from outside forces like the sun, wind and water, as well as endogenous processes from inside the earth like earthquakes, volcanism, and tectonic activity can shape landforms. Remote sensing techniques are also used to study landforms from satellites and aircraft.
Earth Science is a major Subject of life. Earth Science encompasses hundreds of branches. Geology is the scientific study of the all constituents of planets, their internal and external forms and processes. More precisely, it is the study of nature, structure and history of the planet. Earth is the home to all life, well known to the humankind. Geology, itself, is a major part of The Earth and atmospheric sciences, which were born as twins . The subject of geology encompasses all aspects including the composition, structure, physical properties, and history of a planets'( like Earth's) inter-related components and the processes that are shaping the features on the surface.
Topography, landform and geomorphology-Geomorhology ChapterKaium Chowdhury
This document provides definitions and information about topography, landforms, and geomorphology. It defines topography as the elevation and relief of the Earth's surface, landforms as the topographic features, and geomorphology as the study of earth surface processes and landforms. It discusses various landforms including those formed by tectonic, depositional, weathering, erosion, and mass wasting processes. It also covers related topics like uniformitarianism, the genetic classification of landforms, crustal orders of relief, and important deformation processes like folding and faulting.
The document discusses 10 key concepts in geomorphology. It begins by defining geomorphology as the study of landforms and their formation and development. It then explains each concept in 1-2 paragraphs with examples. The concepts are: 1) Uniformitarianism, 2) Role of geologic structure, 3) Differential erosion rates, 4) Distinct landforms from geomorphic processes, 5) Geomorphic cycles, 6) Complex geomorphic evolution, 7) Young topography, 8) Impact of Pleistocene climate change, 9) Role of climate on processes, 10) Historical approach. The document concludes with a quick review of the 10 concepts.
Geology is the scientific study of the all constituents of planets, their internal and external forms and processes. More precisely, it is the study of nature, structure and history of the planet. Earth is the home to all life, well known to the humankind. Geology, itself, is a major part of The Earth and atmospheric sciences, which were born as twins . The subject of geology encompasses all aspects including the composition, structure, physical properties, and history of a planets'( like Earth's) inter-related components and the processes that are shaping the features on the surface. Geologists are the scientists who study the origin, occurrence, distribution and utilities of all materials(metallic, non-metallic, inorganic, etc), minerals, rocks, sediments, soils, water, oil and all other inorganic natural resources. It is a very vast subject covering a wide spectrum of scientific principles and holding hundred and fifty plus scientific branches. This report enumerates and highlights most of them, in a nutshell, for all those who intends to know for planning their career path.
Geomorphology is the study of landforms and the processes that shape the Earth's surface. Some key concepts in geomorphology include:
- The present is key to understanding the past, as the same surface processes have operated over geologic time.
- Geological structure influences landform evolution and is reflected in landforms.
- Geomorphic processes each develop characteristic landforms.
- Landforms evolve in an orderly sequence as erosional processes act over time.
- Geomorphic systems dominate large areas and landscapes can be summarized in physiographic maps.
Geomorphology at a glance: Major landformsP.K. Mani
Geomorphology, Major landforms, Genetic landform classifications, Volcanic landforms, River Systems and Fluvial Landforms, Aeolian Landforms, Glacial Landforms
The document discusses the scientific study of landforms and the processes that shape them, known as geomorphology. It is a composite science that studies landforms and investigates the processes that cause and alter them. Geomorphology is practiced within several related fields. Some key processes discussed include weathering, erosion, transportation, deposition, and mass movement. Both exogenous processes from outside forces like the sun, wind and water, as well as endogenous processes from inside the earth like earthquakes, volcanism, and tectonic activity can shape landforms. Remote sensing techniques are also used to study landforms from satellites and aircraft.
Earth Science is a major Subject of life. Earth Science encompasses hundreds of branches. Geology is the scientific study of the all constituents of planets, their internal and external forms and processes. More precisely, it is the study of nature, structure and history of the planet. Earth is the home to all life, well known to the humankind. Geology, itself, is a major part of The Earth and atmospheric sciences, which were born as twins . The subject of geology encompasses all aspects including the composition, structure, physical properties, and history of a planets'( like Earth's) inter-related components and the processes that are shaping the features on the surface.
This document provides an introduction to the field of geoscience/geology. It discusses key topics like the formation of rocks through igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic processes. It also covers plate tectonics theory and how the motion of tectonic plates generates earthquakes. The objectives of the course are to understand rock and mineral formation, Earth's structure and composition, sea floor spreading via plate tectonics, landforms, and natural hazards like earthquakes.
Geology is the study of the Earth, including its composition, structure, physical properties, history and the processes that shape it. It involves studying topics like the origin and age of the Earth, its internal structure, various surface features and how they evolve and change over time. Geology has many branches that study different aspects like physical geology, geomorphology, mineralogy, petrology, economic geology, geochemistry, geophysics, hydrogeology, mining geology, engineering geology and more. Civil engineers and geologists work closely together in areas like planning, designing and constructing major civil engineering projects to ensure their safety, stability and cost-effectiveness by understanding the geological conditions and properties of the construction site and materials.
Geology is the study of the Earth, including its composition, structure, physical properties, history and the processes that shape it. It involves studying topics like the origin and age of the Earth, its internal structure, various surface features and how they evolve and change over time. Geology has many branches that study different aspects like physical geology, geomorphology, mineralogy, petrology, economic geology, geochemistry, geophysics, hydrogeology, mining geology, engineering geology and more. Civil engineers and geologists work closely together in areas like planning, designing and constructing major civil engineering projects to ensure their safety, stability and cost-effectiveness by understanding the geological conditions and properties of the construction site and materials.
Geomorphology is the scientific study of landforms and the processes that shape them. It evolved from a descriptive field focused on classifying landforms to a more quantitative science that treats landforms as complex systems and studies the processes that create and change them, such as plate tectonics, weathering, erosion, and deposition. Geomorphologists seek to understand past and current shaping of the Earth's surface through observation, experimentation, and modeling.
The document discusses endogenic and exogenic geomorphic movements and processes. Endogenic movements are large-scale movements of the earth's crust driven by internal forces from deep below the surface, such as plate tectonics. They include diastrophic movements like folding and faulting, as well as sudden events like earthquakes. Exogenic processes are brought about by external forces from above the surface, like wind and water, and include weathering, mass movement, and erosion and transportation of material. Both endogenic and exogenic processes continuously shape and alter the earth's surface through geomorphic movements and landform development.
This document provides an overview of geomorphology, the study of landforms and the processes that shape Earth's surface. It discusses key topics in geomorphology including the importance of understanding landforming processes, geologic timescales, physiographic provinces and the concept of scale in landforms. The document traces the history of geomorphic thought from early observations and hypotheses to modern quantitative approaches. It also covers important concepts in geomorphology such as equilibrium, base level, graded stream profiles, and coastal equilibrium.
This document provides an overview of engineering geology and its relevance to civil engineering. It defines engineering geology as the application of geology to ensure safe, stable and economical design and construction of civil engineering projects. The document outlines how different branches of geology, such as physical geology, mineralogy, petrology, structural geology and hydrogeology inform various aspects of civil engineering including construction, water resource development, and town planning by providing information on site conditions, material properties, and subsurface exploration. Key geological factors that influence civil engineering activities like dams, bridges and tunnels are also summarized.
This document outlines 9 fundamental concepts in geomorphology. It introduces geomorphology as the description and interpretation of earth's landforms. Some key concepts discussed are:
- The principle of uniformitarianism, which states that geological processes have operated consistently over time, though intensities may have varied.
- Geological structure strongly influences landform evolution and is reflected in topography.
- Individual geomorphic processes leave distinctive imprints and develop characteristic landform assemblages.
- Landforms develop through successive stages as erosional processes act on the earth's surface over time.
- Most of the world's topography developed during the Pleistocene and is influenced by past geological and climatic changes.
Plate Tectonics and environment geology, minerals and rock, ecology and geology Thomas Chinnappan
This document summarizes key aspects of plate tectonics and how it relates to the environment, minerals, rocks, and ecology. It describes how plate tectonics theory explains the movement of tectonic plates in the earth's lithosphere. There are three main types of plate boundaries: divergent where plates move apart, convergent where they collide, and transform faults where motion is horizontal. Plate tectonics causes volcanism and mountain building which can influence climate patterns. Weathering and mining impact the environment and change rocks and minerals over time. Environmental factors like temperature and rainfall also control the rate of rock weathering. Ecology differs from geology in that ecology studies the relationships between living organisms and their habitat,
This document provides information on geologic processes and continental drift theory. It discusses topics like seismic waves, the mechanism behind earthquakes, and the destructive effects of earthquakes. It also covers volcanic eruptions, describing the different types of eruptions and their environmental impacts. Key geologic processes are outlined such as weathering, erosion, deposition, and plate tectonics.
The document discusses three types of evolution: geologic, biologic, and technologic. It focuses on geologic evolution, explaining how rocks, fossils, and ice cores provide evidence of changes to the Earth's surface and climate over time, as well as changes to life forms. The law of superposition and use of index fossils allow scientists to determine the relative ages of rock layers. Studying this geologic evidence has helped scientists develop an understanding of how the Earth and life have evolved over millions of years.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in geomorphology. It defines geomorphology as the study of landforms and discusses how landforms are shaped by tectonic and hydrologic processes. Early theories that invoked supernatural causes are contrasted with modern theories of uniformitarianism and plate tectonics. The roles of various controlling factors - including geomorphic agents, surficial materials, tectonic setting, and climate - are examined. Different types of crustal features like continents, mountain belts, shields, and continental shelves are also introduced.
Engineering Geology is a 3 credit course that involves lectures, tutorials, and field practice. The scope of engineering geology is the application of geology to solve problems in civil engineering projects related to construction, water resource development, and town planning. A brief history of the formation of the Earth and crust is provided, including how the early Earth cooled and formed igneous rocks, water condensed to form oceans, and sedimentary rocks accumulated over time through weathering and deposition.
This document provides an overview of engineering geology and its scope. It discusses how geology relates to civil engineering projects in areas like construction, water resource development, and town planning. Key points covered include:
- Engineering geology deals with applying geology principles to safe and economic design of civil engineering projects.
- Geological maps, hydrological maps, and topographical maps are important for planning projects.
- Geological characteristics like bedrock, mechanical properties, and seismic activity influence project design.
- Geological knowledge aids in quality control of construction materials and sensitive construction areas.
- Geology is relevant for water resource exploration, development, and the water cycle understanding.
- Land utilization and regional planning requires considering natural geological features and
The document provides information on various topics in engineering geology including:
1. Definitions of engineering geology, geology, and their importance in civil engineering projects like understanding construction materials, groundwater, and foundations.
2. Branches of geology like physical geology, petrology, structural geology, and their focus on natural earth processes, rock origins and structures.
3. Key geological concepts like weathering, rock excavation methods, faults, folds, strike and dip, and seismic waves from earthquakes.
4. The importance of understanding local geology for planning major engineering works.
The presentation contains basic terms of Physical Geology which is related to Geology. It is a gross presentation including images and animated gif's for better understanding.
This document provides an overview of geology and its importance in civil engineering. It discusses key topics in geology including mineralogy, petrology, structural geology, physical geology, and geomorphology. Geology is important for civil engineering projects as it provides information on construction materials, foundation stability, and terrain. A basic understanding of earth materials like minerals, rocks, and soils is essential for tasks like tunneling, hydroelectric projects, and evaluating slope stability.
Geomorphological indicators of climate change zewde alemayehu tilahunzewde alemayehu
The document discusses various geomorphological indicators of climate change. It begins by introducing geomorphology and its subfields including climatic geomorphology, fluvial geomorphology, tropical geomorphology, periglacial geomorphology, tectonic geomorphology, and coastal geomorphology. It then discusses specific geomorphological indicators of climate change such as lake growth at glacier margins as glaciers recede, increases in debris flows due to heavier rainfall, paraglacial adjustment of moraines as ice melts, increases in high altitude rock falls and avalanches, and ice falls and avalanches as glacial cover decreases. The document concludes by discussing indicators related to glacier change such as
Geology is the study of the Earth, including its composition, structure, physical properties, history and processes. It includes disciplines like mineralogy, petrology, geomorphology, paleontology, stratigraphy, geochemistry, geophysics and oceanography. Geology has many applications and is important for understanding Earth's processes, evaluating natural resources, managing the environment, assessing geologic hazards, and other areas. The key branches of geology are physical geology, historical geology, mineralogy, petrology, economic geology, engineering geology, paleontology, and environmental geology. Geology plays an important role in mining, engineering, scientific development and other fields through applications like resource evaluation, site selection, and hazard assessment.
This document provides an introduction to the field of geoscience/geology. It discusses key topics like the formation of rocks through igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic processes. It also covers plate tectonics theory and how the motion of tectonic plates generates earthquakes. The objectives of the course are to understand rock and mineral formation, Earth's structure and composition, sea floor spreading via plate tectonics, landforms, and natural hazards like earthquakes.
Geology is the study of the Earth, including its composition, structure, physical properties, history and the processes that shape it. It involves studying topics like the origin and age of the Earth, its internal structure, various surface features and how they evolve and change over time. Geology has many branches that study different aspects like physical geology, geomorphology, mineralogy, petrology, economic geology, geochemistry, geophysics, hydrogeology, mining geology, engineering geology and more. Civil engineers and geologists work closely together in areas like planning, designing and constructing major civil engineering projects to ensure their safety, stability and cost-effectiveness by understanding the geological conditions and properties of the construction site and materials.
Geology is the study of the Earth, including its composition, structure, physical properties, history and the processes that shape it. It involves studying topics like the origin and age of the Earth, its internal structure, various surface features and how they evolve and change over time. Geology has many branches that study different aspects like physical geology, geomorphology, mineralogy, petrology, economic geology, geochemistry, geophysics, hydrogeology, mining geology, engineering geology and more. Civil engineers and geologists work closely together in areas like planning, designing and constructing major civil engineering projects to ensure their safety, stability and cost-effectiveness by understanding the geological conditions and properties of the construction site and materials.
Geomorphology is the scientific study of landforms and the processes that shape them. It evolved from a descriptive field focused on classifying landforms to a more quantitative science that treats landforms as complex systems and studies the processes that create and change them, such as plate tectonics, weathering, erosion, and deposition. Geomorphologists seek to understand past and current shaping of the Earth's surface through observation, experimentation, and modeling.
The document discusses endogenic and exogenic geomorphic movements and processes. Endogenic movements are large-scale movements of the earth's crust driven by internal forces from deep below the surface, such as plate tectonics. They include diastrophic movements like folding and faulting, as well as sudden events like earthquakes. Exogenic processes are brought about by external forces from above the surface, like wind and water, and include weathering, mass movement, and erosion and transportation of material. Both endogenic and exogenic processes continuously shape and alter the earth's surface through geomorphic movements and landform development.
This document provides an overview of geomorphology, the study of landforms and the processes that shape Earth's surface. It discusses key topics in geomorphology including the importance of understanding landforming processes, geologic timescales, physiographic provinces and the concept of scale in landforms. The document traces the history of geomorphic thought from early observations and hypotheses to modern quantitative approaches. It also covers important concepts in geomorphology such as equilibrium, base level, graded stream profiles, and coastal equilibrium.
This document provides an overview of engineering geology and its relevance to civil engineering. It defines engineering geology as the application of geology to ensure safe, stable and economical design and construction of civil engineering projects. The document outlines how different branches of geology, such as physical geology, mineralogy, petrology, structural geology and hydrogeology inform various aspects of civil engineering including construction, water resource development, and town planning by providing information on site conditions, material properties, and subsurface exploration. Key geological factors that influence civil engineering activities like dams, bridges and tunnels are also summarized.
This document outlines 9 fundamental concepts in geomorphology. It introduces geomorphology as the description and interpretation of earth's landforms. Some key concepts discussed are:
- The principle of uniformitarianism, which states that geological processes have operated consistently over time, though intensities may have varied.
- Geological structure strongly influences landform evolution and is reflected in topography.
- Individual geomorphic processes leave distinctive imprints and develop characteristic landform assemblages.
- Landforms develop through successive stages as erosional processes act on the earth's surface over time.
- Most of the world's topography developed during the Pleistocene and is influenced by past geological and climatic changes.
Plate Tectonics and environment geology, minerals and rock, ecology and geology Thomas Chinnappan
This document summarizes key aspects of plate tectonics and how it relates to the environment, minerals, rocks, and ecology. It describes how plate tectonics theory explains the movement of tectonic plates in the earth's lithosphere. There are three main types of plate boundaries: divergent where plates move apart, convergent where they collide, and transform faults where motion is horizontal. Plate tectonics causes volcanism and mountain building which can influence climate patterns. Weathering and mining impact the environment and change rocks and minerals over time. Environmental factors like temperature and rainfall also control the rate of rock weathering. Ecology differs from geology in that ecology studies the relationships between living organisms and their habitat,
This document provides information on geologic processes and continental drift theory. It discusses topics like seismic waves, the mechanism behind earthquakes, and the destructive effects of earthquakes. It also covers volcanic eruptions, describing the different types of eruptions and their environmental impacts. Key geologic processes are outlined such as weathering, erosion, deposition, and plate tectonics.
The document discusses three types of evolution: geologic, biologic, and technologic. It focuses on geologic evolution, explaining how rocks, fossils, and ice cores provide evidence of changes to the Earth's surface and climate over time, as well as changes to life forms. The law of superposition and use of index fossils allow scientists to determine the relative ages of rock layers. Studying this geologic evidence has helped scientists develop an understanding of how the Earth and life have evolved over millions of years.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in geomorphology. It defines geomorphology as the study of landforms and discusses how landforms are shaped by tectonic and hydrologic processes. Early theories that invoked supernatural causes are contrasted with modern theories of uniformitarianism and plate tectonics. The roles of various controlling factors - including geomorphic agents, surficial materials, tectonic setting, and climate - are examined. Different types of crustal features like continents, mountain belts, shields, and continental shelves are also introduced.
Engineering Geology is a 3 credit course that involves lectures, tutorials, and field practice. The scope of engineering geology is the application of geology to solve problems in civil engineering projects related to construction, water resource development, and town planning. A brief history of the formation of the Earth and crust is provided, including how the early Earth cooled and formed igneous rocks, water condensed to form oceans, and sedimentary rocks accumulated over time through weathering and deposition.
This document provides an overview of engineering geology and its scope. It discusses how geology relates to civil engineering projects in areas like construction, water resource development, and town planning. Key points covered include:
- Engineering geology deals with applying geology principles to safe and economic design of civil engineering projects.
- Geological maps, hydrological maps, and topographical maps are important for planning projects.
- Geological characteristics like bedrock, mechanical properties, and seismic activity influence project design.
- Geological knowledge aids in quality control of construction materials and sensitive construction areas.
- Geology is relevant for water resource exploration, development, and the water cycle understanding.
- Land utilization and regional planning requires considering natural geological features and
The document provides information on various topics in engineering geology including:
1. Definitions of engineering geology, geology, and their importance in civil engineering projects like understanding construction materials, groundwater, and foundations.
2. Branches of geology like physical geology, petrology, structural geology, and their focus on natural earth processes, rock origins and structures.
3. Key geological concepts like weathering, rock excavation methods, faults, folds, strike and dip, and seismic waves from earthquakes.
4. The importance of understanding local geology for planning major engineering works.
The presentation contains basic terms of Physical Geology which is related to Geology. It is a gross presentation including images and animated gif's for better understanding.
This document provides an overview of geology and its importance in civil engineering. It discusses key topics in geology including mineralogy, petrology, structural geology, physical geology, and geomorphology. Geology is important for civil engineering projects as it provides information on construction materials, foundation stability, and terrain. A basic understanding of earth materials like minerals, rocks, and soils is essential for tasks like tunneling, hydroelectric projects, and evaluating slope stability.
Geomorphological indicators of climate change zewde alemayehu tilahunzewde alemayehu
The document discusses various geomorphological indicators of climate change. It begins by introducing geomorphology and its subfields including climatic geomorphology, fluvial geomorphology, tropical geomorphology, periglacial geomorphology, tectonic geomorphology, and coastal geomorphology. It then discusses specific geomorphological indicators of climate change such as lake growth at glacier margins as glaciers recede, increases in debris flows due to heavier rainfall, paraglacial adjustment of moraines as ice melts, increases in high altitude rock falls and avalanches, and ice falls and avalanches as glacial cover decreases. The document concludes by discussing indicators related to glacier change such as
Geology is the study of the Earth, including its composition, structure, physical properties, history and processes. It includes disciplines like mineralogy, petrology, geomorphology, paleontology, stratigraphy, geochemistry, geophysics and oceanography. Geology has many applications and is important for understanding Earth's processes, evaluating natural resources, managing the environment, assessing geologic hazards, and other areas. The key branches of geology are physical geology, historical geology, mineralogy, petrology, economic geology, engineering geology, paleontology, and environmental geology. Geology plays an important role in mining, engineering, scientific development and other fields through applications like resource evaluation, site selection, and hazard assessment.
2,3 kalimat ringkasan dokumen tersebut adalah:
Warisan negara terdiri dari warisan sejarah, budaya, makanan, dan kesenian yang diwariskan secara turun temurun untuk mempertahankan identiti negara dari pengaruh globalisasi.
Lima koridor pembangunan di Malaysia meliputi Wilayah Ekonomi Koridor Utara (NCER), Wilayah Pembangunan Iskandar (WPI), Wilayah Ekonomi Koridor Timur (ECER), Koridor Tenaga Diperbaharui Sarawak (SCORE), dan Koridor Pembangunan Sabah (SDC). Masing-masing koridor memfokuskan pada sektor tertentu seperti pertanian, pelancongan, perkilangan, dan tenaga untuk meningkatkan pembangunan ekonomi dan tar
Pinggir pantai merupakan zona antara tikas air pasang dan surut yang terbentuk dari timbunan bahan seperti pasir, kerang, dan lumpur. Agen geomorfologi utama di pinggir pantai adalah ombak, arus, pasang surut, dan angin yang memindahkan dan mengendapkan bahan. Bentuk-bentuk geomorfologi seperti tebing, tanjung, teluk dan gerbang laut terbentuk akibat proses hakisan oleh ombak.
Ringkasan dokumen ini memberikan informasi mengenai profil pelajar sarjana bernama Amir bin Hamzah. Ia mengambil program pengajian separuh masa selama 3 tahun di Sekolah Menengah Seri Gading, Batu Pahat. Dokumen ini juga memberikan maklumat mengenai tajuk penyelidikan, nama penyelia, dan perkembangan kerja penyelidikan pelajar tersebut untuk setiap bab.
This document provides an introduction to geomorphology. It defines geomorphology as the study of landforms and the processes that create them. It discusses different landforms seen on Earth's surface like mountains, hills, and river valleys. It explains that landforms are shaped by natural physical processes involving movement of materials. The document also outlines different tools and techniques used in geomorphological studies, like satellite images, digital models, and dating methods. It discusses various applications of geomorphology and reasons for its importance, including contributions to fields like geology, engineering, archaeology and more. Finally, it introduces different concepts in geomorphology like the geomorphic cycle, historical vs process approaches, and endogenic and exogenic forces.
Dokumen tersebut merangkum sukatan pelajaran Pengajian Am untuk tingkatan STPM. Ia membahagikan sukatan pelajaran kepada tiga penggal dan menyenaraikan topik yang akan diajar pada setiap penggal seperti kemahiran belajar, sistem pemerintahan Malaysia, dasar-dasar pembangunan negara, dan hubungan luar negara.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
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1. UNIT – 1
INTRODUCTION TO GEOMORPHOLOGY
Geomorphology (GEO 301)
Geology and Geophysics Department
College of Science
King Saud University
2. What do you see on the Earth’s
Surface
• We see various types of landforms on the Earths surface
which includes mountains, hills, plateaus, plains, deserts,
river valleys, river deltas, flood plains, cliffs, volcanoes etc.
• Landforms are natural physical features of the Earth's
surface.
• Landforms are the most visible features of the Earth and
occur everywhere.
• They range in size from molehills to mountains to major
tectonic plates, and their ‘lifespans’ range from days to
millions of years.
3.
4. What is Geomorphology
• The word Geomorphology derived from three
Greek words: geo: "earth"; morph: "form"; and
logos: "study"; is the study of landforms and the
processes that create them.
• Geomorphology is the science that studies the
origin and development of landforms (such as hills,
valleys, sand dunes, caves), and how those
landforms combine to form landscapes.
• Geomorphology is an important topic in the field of
physical geography, geology, geodesy, engineering
geology, archaeology and geotechnical engineering.
5. Applications of Geomorphology
• In addition to explaining how landscapes have
developed in the past, how they function at present,
and how they might change in future, there is growing
recognition of the importance of geomorphology and
geomorphologists in contributing to a range of
environmental investigations and management issues
• For instance, structural geologists want to know how
erosion at the Earth's surface influences patterns of
rock deformation in developing mountain belts.
• Petroleum geologists use the understanding of modern-
day depositional processes to improve subsurface
exploration efforts for oil and gas reserves hosted in
sedimentary rocks.
6. • Engineers use knowledge of erosional and depositional
processes to improve estimations of the thresholds of
stability for hillslopes, or to assess the probability of
channel changes along rivers where infrastructural
developments are planned.
• Planetary scientists apply insights gained from study of
the Earth's landscape processes to help them interpret
planetary surfaces.
• Archaeologists are interested in how erosional and
depositional processes influence the preservation of
artefacts and other forms of evidence for past human
societies.
Applications of Geomorphology
7.
8. Tools for geomorphological studies
• Traditionally, geomorphological study approaches
focused mainly on field observation, description and
measurement but also included physical
experimentation (e.g. in small field plots or using
laboratory flumes).
• Since the early 1970s, however, high-resolution images
of the surface topography of the Earth and other
planets have been acquired at rapid pace from a variety
of satellites and spacecraft.
• Many of these images are now readily available for free
from the internet (e.g. using virtual globes such as
Google Earth).
9. Tools for geomorphological studies
• In addition, large numbers of computer-based
topographic models (e.g. Digital Elevation Models) have
become readily available, and ground-based
monitoring, computational modelling, and
geochronological (dating) techniques (e.g.
luminescence, cosmogenic isotope analysis) have
advanced rapidly.
• Consequently, traditional geomorphological study
approaches are now commonly combined with these
new images, models and techniques to quantify rates
and timescales of landform change.
• It is now possible to view, measure, age, and model a
variety of landforms and landscapes in ways that were
unimaginable even a decade ago.
13. Landscapes are shaped by movements of mass
• Landforms are shaped by geomorphological processes, which essentially
involve the movement of mass ‒ rock, sediment, water ‒ across the
Earth's surface.
• Movement of mass commonly involves the weathering, erosion,
transportation and deposition of surface materials by gravity, ice, wind,
or water, but can also involve near-surface tectonic, volcanic or
groundwater activity.
14. Landscape processes
operate at many different scales
• Geomorphological processes are driven by endogenic
factors (powered from within the Earth such as
volcanoes and earthquakes) and exogenic factors
(powered by the sun's energy and working through
the climate system, such as rain, wind and waves).
• Different processes result in different rates for the
movement of mass, from very slow (e.g. basin
subsidence, soil creep) to extremely rapid (e.g.
volcanic eruptions, rock falls)
• Landforms vary widely in spatial scale (size), and their
development occurs across a wide range of temporal
scales.
• Small scale landforms such as sand ripples form, erode
and re-form on rapid temporal scales, while large scale
landforms such as mountain ranges develop over far
longer temporal scales
15. Scale and Age of Landforms
• Scale of landforms varies over 15 orders of magnitude
• Continents (107 km2) to microscale features like ripples, glacial striations (10-8
km2)
• Age of landforms varies over 7-8 orders of magnitude
• Continents (109 years) to microscale features like pools and riffles (102 years)
• Larger landforms most durable (longer-lasting)
• Smaller landforms created/destroyed faster than larger ones
• Rates of geomorphic / geologic change slow for larger areas,
• Faster when measured over small areas. example: earthquakes compared to
glaciers
• Rate of erosion in small watershed compared to larger one
16. Factors responsible for Landform
Formation
• William Morris Davis introduced idea that
landforms can be explained by one or usually a
combination of the following
• Structure: rock mass (or unconsolidated material mass).
• Process: constructive or destructive process(es) acting
now or previously on structure.
• Time (stage): landforms evolve through stages from
continued actions of geomorphic process(es).
18. Geomorphic Process
• The formation and deformation of landforms on
the surface of the earth are a continuous process
which is due to the continuous influence of
external and internal forces.
• The internal and external forces causing stresses
and chemical action on earth materials and
bringing about changes in the configuration of the
surface of the earth are known as geomorphic
processes.
21. Geomorphic Process (Endogenic)
• Endogenic forces are those internal forces which derive
their strength from the earth’s interior and play a
crucial role in shaping the earth crust.
• Examples – mountain building forces, continent
building forces, earthquakes, volcanism etc.
• The endogenic forces are mainly land building forces.
• The energy emanating from within the earth is the
main force behind endogenic geomorphic processes.
• This energy is mostly generated by radioactivity,
rotational and tidal friction and primordial heat from
the origin of the earth.
22. • Exogenic forces are those forces which derive their strength
from the earth’s exterior or are originated within the earth’s
atmosphere.
• Examples of forces – the wind, waves, water etc.
• Examples of exogenic processes – weathering, mass
movement, erosion, deposition.
• Exogenic forces are mainly land wearing forces.
• Exogenic forces can take the form of weathering, erosion,
and deposition.
• Weathering is the breaking of rocks on the earth’s surface
by different agents like rivers, wind, sea waves and glaciers.
• Erosion is the carrying of broken rocks from one place to
another by natural agents like wind, water, and glaciers.
Geomorphic Process (Exogenic)
23. Brands of Geomorphology
• The two complementary main brands of
geomorphology are historical geomorphology and
process geomorphology.
• Historical geomorphology tends to focus around
histories of land scape evolution and adopts a
sequential, chronological view.
• Process geomorphology tends to focus around the
mechanics of geomorphic processes and process–
response relationships (how geomorphic systems
respond to disturbances).
24. Brands of Geomorphology
• Historical geomorphology and process
geomorphology are complementary and go hand-
in-hand, so that historical geomorphologists
consider process in their explanations of landform
evolution while process geomorphologists may
need to appreciate the history of the landforms
they investigate.
25. Historical Geomorphology
• Historical geomorphology is the study of landform
evolution or changes in landforms over medium and
long timescales, usually timescales well beyond the
span of an individual human’s experience – centuries,
millennia, millions and hundreds of millions of years.
• It brings in the historical dimension of the subject and
relies mainly on the form of the land surface and on
the sedimentary record for its databases.
• It relies on the principal: the present is the key to the
past.
• It means that the effect of geomorphic processes seen
in action today may be used to infer the causes of
assumed landscape changes in the past.
26. The Geomorphic/Geographic Cycle
• The ‘geomorphic cycle/geographical cycle’, given by
William Morris Davis, was the first modern theory of
landscape evolution (e.g. Davis 1889, 1899, 1909).
• Geomorphic processes, without further complications
from tectonic movements, gradually wear down the
raw topography.
• Furthermore, slopes within landscapes decline through
time : maximum slope angles gradually decrease.
• So topography is reduced, little by little, to an
extensive flat region close to base level – a peneplain.
27. • The reduction process creates a time sequence of
landforms that progress through the stages of youth,
maturity, and old age.
• The ‘geographical cycle’ was designed to account for
the development of humid temperate landforms
produced by prolonged wearing down of uplifted rocks
offering uniform resistance to erosion.
• It was extended to other landforms, including arid
landscapes, glacial landscapes, periglacial landscapes,
to landforms produced by shore processes, and to karst
landscapes.
The Geomorphic/Geographic Cycle
29. Process Geomorphology
• Process geomorphology is the study of the
processes responsible for landform development.
• Three main contribution of process
geomorphologists are:
• A database of process rates in various parts of the
globe (measurement of geomorphic process).
• Highly refined models for predicting the short-term
(and in some cases long-term) changes in landforms
(modeling geomorphic process).
• Ideas about stability and instability in geomorphic
systems.
30. Other Branches of Geomorphology
• Although process and historical studies dominate
much modern geomorphological, other types of
study exist.
• For example, structural geomorphologists, argued
that underlying geological structures are the key to
understanding many landforms.
• Today, other geomorphologies include applied
geomorphology, tectonic geomorphology,
submarine geomorphology, climatic
geomorphology, and planetary geomorphology.