This document discusses the integration of electronics into textiles for use in smart clothing and fabrics. It provides examples of smart shirts and blankets that can monitor vital signs and provide warmth electronically. It also describes technologies like piezoelectric materials that can generate electricity from motion and solar arrays that can charge devices. Flexible sensors, antennas, and photovoltaic fibers are discussed as ways to integrate technologies into fabrics. The goal is to create clothing with capabilities never before possible on the battlefield to enhance performance and safety.

2. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION
 SMART FABRIC
STATISTICS
 SMART CLOTHING
 SENSATEX SMART SHIRT
 CITYZEN SMART SENSE
 WEARABLE ELECTRIC
BLANKET
 PIEZO SENSITIVE
MATERIALS
 SOLAR ARRAY BLANKETS
 ANTENNAS
 COMMUNICATION
REQUIREMENTS
 PHOTOVOLTAIC FIBRE
 FLEXIBLE SENSORS
 CAMOUFLAGE
 REFERENCES

3. INTRODUCTION
 The ability to integrate electronics into textiles
provides the potential to achieve revolutionary
improvements in performance and the realization of
capabilities never before imagined on the battlefield.
 Electronic devices are being miniaturized for personal
use both in the commercial and military sectors.
Materials and methods are being investigated to
facilitate the integration of these electronics into
textiles.

4. SMART FABRIC END USE MARKETS
2011

5. SMART CLOTHING

6. REIMA SMART CLOTHING

7. SENSATEX SMART SHIRT

8. SENSATEX SMART SHIRT
 If a soldier wears the “Smart Shirt” during war and gets
injured, information on the wound and the soldier’s
condition would be immediately transmitted to a
medical triage unit near the battlefield.
 This shirt can help a physician determine the extent of
a soldier’s injury based on the strength of his heartbeat
and respiratory rate.
 This information lets physicians know the urgency of
who to treat first.

9. CITYZEN SMART SENSE
 Connect the garment to a compact, battery-powered
transmitter, turn on the smartphone's bluetooth
connection, and suddenly have a customized body
monitoring system.
 The fabric communicates with an app on the phone to keep
tabs on heart rate, respiration and metrics. Ultimately, the
system notes how tired or stressed the person is, and could
even alert for the onset of a medical problem.
 In spite of its high-tech nature, the Smart Sensing fabric
can be washed and ironed normally.

10. CITYZEN SMART SHIRT

11. WEARABLE ELECTRIC BLANKET
 An electric blanket was developed without the stiff,
bulky wires traditionally used.
 The new blanket is lighter, more flexible and can be
machine-washed and dried. Plugged in, it warms
evenly using the same amount of power as a 100 W
light bulb.

12. PIEZO SENSITIVE MATERIALS
PVDF [poly(vinylidene fluoride)] and its copolymers P(VDF-
TrFE) [poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene)] and P(VDF-
TFE) – [poly (vinylidene fluoride-tetrafluoroethylene)] exhibit
the best electromechanical performances.

13. PIEZO SENSITIVE MATERIALS
 For a soldier or adventurer stranded for days without access
to electrical outlets, this kind of technology holds great
potential. The material can be used for under the boots.
 If the rate of change of application of load is higher, then
the voltage produced will be higher.
 Suddenly, there would be a way to revive depleted batteries
in a satellite phone or GPS unit. A situation that was once
potentially deadly could be managed much more easily just
by simply walking around for a while.

14. SOLAR ARRAY BLANKETSU.S. Naval Research Laboratory has developed solar array
blankets that combine high power output with light weight
and flexibility.
The technology, known as inverted metamorphic (IMM)
triple junction (3J) solar cells, allows a thin membrane
material to be placed on a flexible substrate.
The resulting solar blanket has a higher power output while
being lightweight.

15. ECG & EMG MEASUREMENT

16. ANTENNAS
Double loop antenna integrated into the
MOLLE vest with ergonomic modules.
Frequency Range: 30–88-MHz
Eight-element patch antenna array
Frequency Range: upto 2.4
GHz

17. COMMUNICATION REQUIREMENTS

18. COMMUNICATION REQUIREMENTS

19. PHOTOVOLTAIC FIBRE
The MDMO-PPV:PCBM compound produced 300 mV and 0.27 mA/cm 2 ,
giving a fill factor of 26% and an efficiency of 0.021%
The fill factor is determined by the ratio between the actually achievable
maximum power (given by the current times the voltage at the maximum power
point (mpp)) and the theoretical value (given by the short- circuit current (I sc )
times the open- circuit voltage (V oc ))
P3HT - Poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl)
PCBM - Phenyl-C61-butyric acid
methyl ester
MDMO-PPV — poly[2-méthoxy-5-(3,7-
diméthyloctyloxy)-1,4-phénylène-vinylène]
PEDOT:PSS - Poly(3,4-
ethylenedioxythiophene) Polystyrene
sulfonate

20. FLEXIBLE SENSORSSingle crystal silicon accelerometer with mG resolution (1 G=9.81 m/s2) has been
fabricated using Silicon Fusion Bonding (SFB) and Deep Reactive Ion Etching
(DRIE).

21. Signal obtained from an acceleration sensor with a sample rate of 32 Hz and a
resolution of 10 mG

22. CAMOUFLAGE
 Color change is activated by body heat or through resistive
heating that employs a layering of conductive and
thermochromic inks (on battery testers), in which case the
conductive/resistive ink heats up and changes the color of
the ink.
 Shimmering Flower- Product Name
 This textile can have up to sixty four fabric pixels arranged
in an arbitrary design. Each pixel is individually
addressable (with conductive yarns) and is controlled to
slowly change color. Each color change can be programmed
in the custom electronics board or controlled in real time
when the display is connected to a computer through the
serial port.

23. REFERENCES
 Smart clothes and wearable technology, Edited by J.
McCann and D. Bryson, Woodhead Publishing in Textiles
 Multidisciplinary know- how for smart- textiles
developers, Edited by Tünde Kirstein, Woodhead
Publishing in Textiles
 Wearable electronics and photonics, Edited by
Xiaoming Tao, Woodhead Publishing Limited
 A novel intelligent textile technology based on silicon
flexible skins, Rakesh B. Katragadda, Yong Xu, Sensors
and Actuators A 143 (2008) 169–174

24. REFERENCES Electronic Textiles: Wearable Computers, Reactive Fashion, and
Soft Computation, Joanna Berzowska, Textile, Volume 3
 Development of Electronic Textiles to Support Networks,
Communications, and Medical Applications in Future U.S.
Military Protective Clothing Systems, Carole A. Winterhalter,
Justyna Teverovsky, Patricia Wilson, Jeremiah Slade, Wendy Horowitz,
Edward Tierney, and Vikram Sharma, IEEE Transactions on
Information Technology in Biomedicine, Vol. 9, No. 3, September 2005
 Potential Space Applications For Body-centric Wireless And E-
textile Antennas, T.F. Kennedy, P.W. Fink, A.W. Chu, G.F. Studor,
NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA
 Smart Textiles for Soldier of the Future, 0. Sahin, 0. Kayacan, E.
Yazgan Bulgun, Defence Science Journal, Vol. 55, No. 2, April 2005