Electronic-textiles (e-textiles) incorporate electronic functionality into textiles by using conductive materials. They contain conductive yarns or fibers and can be produced using textile manufacturing techniques. E-textiles allow for innovative designs and integration of sensors, displays and other electronics into fabrics and garments. They provide benefits like flexibility, comfort and low-cost production compared to rigid electronics. However, challenges remain around reliability, mass production costs and limited processing capability due to power constraints. Ongoing research aims to address these issues and further the applications of intelligent textile technologies.

1. Electronic-Textiles
ASHISH DUA
TEXTILE CHEMISTRY.

2. What are electronic-textiles
 Materials with electronic functionality and at the same
time textile characteristic
 Incorporating some amount of conductive material-
enable electrical conductivity
 Contains conductive yarns
 Use textile manufacturing techniques

3. Development behind of electronic textiles
 To create innovative design and the intelligent products
 Electrical conductors are easier to- handle in textile
fabrication processes.
 “Electronic” means that a system is able to exchange and
process information If textiles had the ability to record,
analyze, store, send and display data
 miniaturization of electronic components and
attachment to textiles

4. Design issues for wearable e-textiles
 Environment issue
 Human body and motion,
 Manufacturability (weave & piecework),
 Networking,
 Power consumption, and
 Software execution.

5. Advantages of using E-Textiles over
conventional electronics
 Large flexible area - create new computer designs and
architectures
 Elastic and extendable
 Produced at low-cost
 Fibre/air composite nature gives excellent
comfort
E-textiles- warmth, softness, lightweight and breathability-
sympathatic
High technology products - rigidity and asympathatic nature.

6. Combination of electronics and textiles

7. Requirements for embedding electronic functions in the
clothing
 Flexibility
 Lightweight
 Comfort
 Conductivity
 Good process ability
 Good wear ability
 Finally ,low cost

8. Components of a wearable electronic textile system
 Network unit: transmission of data within them
wearable computer and to external networks
 Sensor unit: registration of biometric and
environmental data and of user commands
 Processing unit: calculating, analysing and storing
data
 Power unit: supplying energy
 Action unit: adapting to situations, creating an effect
on the user, displaying data

9. Conductive media For electronic
Textile

10. Conductive Polymers

11. Optical or glass fibre for electronics
 Optical or glass fibers 120 microns in dia
 used telecommunications, local area networks (LAN's), cable TV,
closed circuit TV
 filament developed by drawing molten glass through bushings
 optical fiber sensors, and conductive textiles to carry signals in
the form of pulses of light
 optical fibers offer excellent strength and sunlight
resistance, relatively stiff ,poor flexibility, drapeability and
abrasion resistance.

12. Types of yarns and fabrics
Yarns
 Spun yarns
 Filament yarns
 Plied yarns
Fabric
 Woven
 Knitted
 Braided tapes and cords
 Non Woven

13. Conductive fabrics
The fabric compose of
 alternate polymer and metal yarn. metal wire possesses a
thin polymer coating for electrical insulation
 Twisted metal wire, metal wire is twisted around the polymer
yarn
 Metal filaments conductive yarn consists of staple yarn with
metallic fibers
 Metal coating polymer yarn,is chemically coated with a thin
metal layer

14. Conductive fabrics
Printing on fabric :
 by ink-jet or screen-printing on non-conductive fabric
Conductive inks, pastes base on silver
 high brittleness on Bending destroy conductive
structure
 so elastic polymer layer use between the fabric and the
conductive paste to mitigate this effect

15. Conductive textile exist
 ORGANZA® (metallized silk)
 FLECTRON ® (metallized polyester)
 BELLTRON ® (polyester or polyamide with
carbon)
 CT® (carbonised glass fibre textile)
 Statex 117/17 twine (silver-coated polyamide
yarn)117 dtex34 no of fibres in twine, resistance
is around 500Ω/m

16. Metallic Silk organza
 created by wrapping a non-conductive yarn with
a metallic copper, silver, or gold foil
 metallic organza woven silk warp yarn and silk
yarn is wrapped with copper in the weft direction
 silk fiber core has a high tensile strength and
can withstand high temperatures
 it allows the metallic organza to be sewen or
embroidered on industrial machinery
 strip of is fabric can function like a ribbon cable
 This metallic thread is prepared like cloth-core
telephone wire, highly conductive (~0.1 Ω/cm)

17. How to protect sensor actuators…..
By Encapsulation

18. Fibre batteries
 electrochemical cell generate voltage by red-ox
rxn, battery is series of electrochemical cells
 Battery electrodes consist of metals, metal
oxides, carbon-based materials, conducting
polymers
 Metals are typically employed as anodes, metal
oxides as cathodes, carbon materials as cathodes
polymers can act as both cathodes or anodes
 fiber cells fabricated by coating a fiber with thin
film layers, consisting of the same materials
typically used in flat batteries, such as LiCoO2 as
cathode, lithium as anode, and LiPON( lithium
phosphorus oxynitride Li3.1 PO3.3 N0.5) as solid
electrolyte

19. Textile Based Capacitive Pressure Sensor
 decoding the pressure exerted over abroad piece of fabric
by a mean of capacitive sensing
 device described produces an image of the pressure field
over the sensing surface, providing both information on
the position of the area touched and on the pressure
exerted on it
 capacitor has been made with the coupling capacitance
between two conductive strips separated by an elastic and
dielectric material
 The conductive columns and rows can be simply drawn
onto opposite sides of a piece of insulating material using
conductive ink

20. Cont….
 dielectric layer between a given row and column
of electrodes is squeezed, as pressure is exerted
over the corresponding fabric area, the coupling
capacitance between is changed

21. Fabric as an acoustic array for location
determination
 computational fabric
serving as an acoustic
array capable of
determining location and
direction of motion of a
enemy vehicle
 Use basic technique
Global Positioning System
(GPS)

22. Wearable Motherboard
 Georgia Tech Wearable Motherboard
 provides versatile frame work for the incorporation of
sensing, monitoring and information processing
devices. It uses optical fibers to detect bullet wounds,
and special sensors and interconnections to monitor
the body vital signs of individuals
 lightweight and can be worn easily by anyone

23. Cont…
 Having wearable motherboard “programmable” computing
device hardware, software and soft wear components as an
integral part of the fabric/garment
 garment including electrically
conductive fibres and optical
fibres for transfering
information from sensors to
processing units
 Electrical fibre (e.g. stainless
steel, copper or doped nylon
fibre) is insulated with a PVC
or PE coating

24. Cont…
 Used Flexible chips
(silicon)
Power supply
 lithium polymer battery
and micro fuel cells
 Energy come from
Sunlight, body
temperature and body
motion energy
transformed into electrical
energy
 Use temp difference
between outside and
inside of clothing which
produce power of few
microwatts / cm2

25. Musical jackets
By -MIT Media Lab
 Sound is projected
through mini-speakers
in the jacket's pockets
 whole setup weighs less
than one pound most of
weight from batteries
and speaker cases
 unclip the speakers,
batteries, and
synthesizer and it can
wash easily
MIT Media Lab created the Musical
Jacket marketed by Levi in Europe

26. Colour changing fabric
 Electric Plaid™
 fabric contains interwoven stainless steel yarns, painted with
thermochromic inks, which are connected to electronics drive
 The flexible wall hangings can then be programmed to change color
in response to heat from the conducting wires

27. High performance electronic sportsweare By
Philips
 Enhance performance for a
workout at the gym,
extreme sporting activities
 Integrated fabric sensors to
monitor and display pulse,
blood pressure, time,
distance, speed, and
calories
 Sensors can also record
arm action for improving
golf or tennis swings, body
temperature

28. Jacket by Levi Strauss &
Philips For communication
 mobile phone and MP3 player,
speakers, a microphone and a display
 Devices and control pad can be
disconnected for garment launderingns
Smart Shirt (Georgia Institute )
 monitors the wearer's heart rate, ECG
respiration, Skien temperature, and
other vital signs

29. Mamagoose pajama
 By Verhaert
 prevention from sudden
infant death syndrome due
to endowed with heartbeat

30. Smart interiors
 Switching and pressure sensing
incorporated invisibly into interior.
 Textiles in the home or office to
control lighting, security, temperature
or other electronic appliances
● Light switches/dimmers into seating
upholstery or carpets
● Audio-visual remote controls into soft
furnishings
● Interior environmental conditions can
be changed using wearable switches or
by touching wall coverings

31. Products by Eleksen
Soft wrist phone

32. Limitations of E-textiles
 Limited reliability
 Limitation concerning mass production
 Limited processing and storage capability-limited
power supply
 Specific range of applications
 Not as flexible as textile clothing

33. Electronic Textile Future
 consumer look for innovative intelligent products
 geometric and mechanical properties of textiles (large
flexible area) differ strongly from conventional
electronics and can create new computer designs and
architectures
Research has to be carried out
 testing under wearing conditions
 washing/cleaning treatments investigation of reliability

34. North Carolina State
University's (NCSU's)

35. Conclusion
 ‘Electronic textile' is a result of the convergence of
microelectronics with textiles
 surrounding us in our daily life
 Used in clothing, home textiles, military, navy, medical
application.
 Limited reliability, high cost
 Specific range of applications
 Not as flexible as textile clothing

36.  THANK YOU.