This presentation introduces smart textiles, which integrate microelectronics into textiles to endow them with new active properties. Smart textiles can be classified as passive, active, or ultra smart depending on their sensing and reactive capabilities. Key functions of smart textiles include sensing environmental stimuli, processing sensor data, actuating responses, storing energy, and enabling communication. Examples of smart materials discussed are thermo-regulating, chromic, luminescent, conductive, and electronic textiles. The presentation provides examples of how these materials are incorporated into and change the properties of textiles.
3. Introduction
Smart textile introduces a shift from passive Functionality
to active behavior
It is The result of the integration of microelectronics in
textile to endow materials with new properties.
The production of smart textile is now a reality after a
successful marriage of traditional textile and clothing
technology with other branches of science like material
science, structural mechanics, sensor and actuator
technology, advance processing technology ,
communication, artificial intelligence ,biology etc.
4. Definition
Smart textile are defined as textiles that can sense and react via an active control
mechanism to environmental conditions or stimuli from mechanical, thermal, chemical,
electrical or magnetic sources
5. Classifications
Passive Smart Textile
Can only sense the environment
These are sensors
Active smart textile
Can sense and react to the environmental stimuli
These are sensors and actuators
Ultra smart textile
Can sense, react and adapt themselves to environmental
Cognition, reasoning and activating capacities
6. Function of smart textiles
Sensing
Data processing
Actuation
Storage
Communication
7. Sensing
Basically, sensing is the function of transforming a signal into another signal
that can be read and understood by a predefined reader which can be a real
device or a person.
For real devices all the signals should be ultimately converted into electrical
ones.
Thermocouple, quantum tunneling composite(based on soft switch
technology), fibre bragg grating sensors( basically optical fibres) are used to
convert the signals into electrical ones.
8. Data Processing
Data processing is one of the component that are required only when active
proccssing is necessary
Problems need to be overcome before imparting textile material for this
function are: fastness to washing , deformation, interconnection, etc.
So far, pieces of electronics are used for data processing which are now
available in miniaturized and even in a flexible form.
9. Actuation
Actuators respond to an impulse resulting from sensor function possibly data
processing.
Actuators make things move , release substances ,make noise and many
more.
Shape memory material, drug supply system(emitting substances) are the best
suiting examples in this field
10. Storage
Sensing , data processing , actuation, communication, they usually need
energy , mostly electrical energy.
For efficient energy management there should be an appropriate combination
of energy supply and energy storage capacity.
Here sources of energy are –instance body heat, mechanical motion (elastic
from deformation of the fabrics, kinetic from body motion),radiation etc.
Phase change materials or pcm acts as energy storage .
11. Communication
It may be required
Within one element of a suit ------ optical fibers, conductive yarns
Between the individual element within the suit------optical fibers, conductive
yarns
From the wearer to the suit to pass instruction------- optical fibres
From the suit to the wearer or his environment to pass information ----
wireless connection i.e. antenna manufactured in textile material
12. Smart materials used
Thermos regulating material
Chromic materials
luminescent materials
Conductive material
Voltaic materials
Electronic textiles
Etc.………
13. Thermo Regulating material
Paraffin phase change material
Acts as a storage of heat in garments
Provide a thermal balance between the heat generated
by the body while engaging in a sport and the heat
released into the environment.
PCMs are applied either in spinning or during chemical
finishing of textiles like coating, lamination etc.
PCM in textile
14. Chromic Materials
Change their color reversibly According to external
environmental conditions
Photochromic :external stimulus is light.
Thermochromics : external stimulus is heat.
Electrochromic : external stimulus is Electricity.
Piezorochromic : external stimulus is pressure.
Solvatechromic : external stimulus is liquid or gas.
15. Luminescent materials
Emits lights according to external environmental conditions
Photoluminescence: external stimulus is light
Electroluminescent : external stimulus is electricity
ChemioLuminescen : external stimulus is a chemical reaction
Triboluminescence: external stimulus is friction
16. Conduction materials
Function: it conducts electricity.
Properties: light, weight, flexible, cost com
With ability to be crimped, soldered and
Subjected to textile processing.
Preparation: it can be made by filling synthetic
Fibers with carbon or metal particles, coating
Fibers whit conductive polymers or using conductive fibres.
17. Voltaic materials
Storage of energy for electronic parts
Use of solar cells
Photovoltaic materials possess the property
to generate electric current by means of a light
excitation.
Research under way to produce and store electricity
from body movements and wrist rotation
18. Electronic textiles
These are materials with electronic
functionality and at the same time
textile characteristics.
Advantage: light weight, durable , washable ,
integratable with human body.
Examples-----
Smart shirt
The sensory baby vest
The respibelt
The wearable computer