smart,interactive and intelligent textiles with examples

1. Dr .Neelima G
Assistant Professor, Dept. Of Home
Science

2. INTRODUCTION
 Textiles are considered as the second skin of
humans
 Protection and aesthetics are two common
dimensions associated with textiles
 Third dimension—intelligence is being
integrated into fabrics to produce interactive
textiles
 Last few decades have shown enormous
growth in the development of wireless
communication, nanoengineering ,information
technologies and miniaturization of electronic
devices.

3. INTRODUCTION
 The world is distinctly rising towards the era of smart
and intelligent textiles
 This new class of smart and intelligent textiles is
being designed to meet new and innovative
applications in the
 Military/Defence
 Medical/health care
 space exploration
 sports
 Fashion and entertainment

4.  Smart textiles are materials and structures of
textiles which can sense and react via an active
control mechanism to environmental conditions
called stimuli .They are capable of showing
significant changes in their mechanical, thermal,
chemical, optical or electromagnetic properties in
response to the stimuli.

5. Classification Of Smart Fibres
 Passive smart fibres, which can only
sense the environmental condition or
stimuli. Wearable sensors fall in this
category viz built-in GPS,clothing
integrated baby breathing monitors and
clothing that gives potential changes about
weather.
 Active smart fibres, when clothing not
only senses the environment but also
reacts to the condition or stimuli. Examples
include clothing that changes density
depending on the temperature outside,

6. Classification Of Smart Fibres
 Active Very smart fibres, which can
sense, react and adapt themselves
accordingly .Example : space suit which
can sense the outside temperature and
adapt accordingly.
 Ultra smart/Intelligent textiles, which are
those capable of responding or activated to
perform a function in a manual or pre-
programmed manner.For example shirts
that can store information through a built-in
fabric keyboard and send it via bluetooth to
a computer.

7. Thermo regulating material
Chromic materials
Luminescent materials
Conductive material
Voltaic materials
Shape memory materials
Membranes materials

8.  PCMs are applied either in spinning
or during chemical finishing of textiles
like coating, lamination etc.
Paraffin phase change
material(PCM)
 Goal is to maintain the core body
temperature and comfort of the
wearer in diverse environments.
 Provide a thermal balance
between the heat generated by
the body while engaging in a sport
and the heat released into the
environment.

9.  Change their colour reversibly
according to external environmental
conditions ,hence also called
chameleon fibres.
 Photochromic: external stimulus is
light.
 Thermochromic: external stimulus is
heat.
 Electrochromic: external stimulus is
electricity.
 Piezorochromic: external stimulus is
pressure.
 Solvatechromic: external stimulus is

10.  Emits lights according to external
environmental conditions
 Photoluminescence: external
stimulus is light
 Electroluminescence: external
stimulus is electricity
 Chemioluminescence: external
stimulus is a chemical reaction
 Triboluminescence: external
stimulus is friction

11. Glow in the Dark textiles

12.  Function: It conducts
electricity.
 Properties: Light weight,
flexible, cost competitive with
ability to be crimped, soldered
and subjected to textile
processing.
 Preparation: It can be made
by filling synthetic fibres with
carbon,nickel,gold ,silver or
metal particles, coating fibres
with conductive polymers or
using conductive short fibres.

13.  Photovoltaic materials possess
the property to generate electric
current by means of a light
excitation.
 Solar cell fabric is embedded
with photo voltaic cells (PV)
 Capable of collecting more of
sun’s energy from different
angles than a flat stationery
panel.
 Solar fibres can not only charge
our smartphones and gadgets
but become wearable power

14.  Are polymeric smart materials
that have the ability to return
from a deformed state
(temporary)to their
original(permanent)shape
induced by an external
stimulus(trigger)such as
temperature change.

15. 18
 Membranes are deposited on textiles in
order to add new properties onto their
surfaces
 Used in sportswear for the manufacture
of breathable and impermeable clothes
 Polymers used are polyfluorocarbon or
polyurethanes.
 Lotus effect provides repellence of the
aqueous products and also of the oleic
product resulting in ultra hydrophobic
finishing – useful for self cleaning
garments

16. Smart Fabric End Use

18.  The musical jacket was first developed in 1997.
It has a touch sensitive MIDI keyboard embroidered directly
into the fabric using conductive thread.
It contains stainless steel filaments, which makes it
conductive.
Sound is generated by a single-chip General MIDI wavetable
synthesizer, and sequences are generated in a microcontroller.
Musical Jacket
The jacket is entirely battery operated, with powered speakers
in the pockets.

20.  A shirt with a built-in Wi-Fi signal detector
Glowing animated shirt dynamically displays the current Wi-
Fi signal strength
Animated Decal is Removable (with hook and loop fasteners) for
Easy Washing
Battery Pack is Concealed in a Small Pocket Sewn Inside the Shirt
Wi-Fi detector t-shirt

22. A space suit is a garment worn to keep a human alive in the harsh environment of outer
space, vacuum and temperature extremes.
Advanced suits better regulate the astronaut's temperature with a Liquid Cooling and
Ventilation Garment (LCVG) in contact with the astronaut's skin, from which the heat is
dumped into space through an external radiator.
Another layer is composed of spandex, an elastic wearable polymer
The innermost layer is made up of a Nylon tricot material
Space-suit
Dacron—a type of polyester—is used for a pressure-restraining layer.

24. The uniform is equipped with optical fibers, which can detect an injury such as
by bullet and send information to the concerned center.
The signal’s magnitude would depend on the force applied on the fiber that can be
considered as the severity of the injury and priority of treatment can be decided by this
information.
The US military’s land warrior program is arming soldiers with the uniform containing
protective gear and body armor and computer.
This would help also in reaching or locating injured soldiers in the battlefield or
rescue operation.
Smart Military Uniform
 The headgear shows battle plans soldier position transmitted over a wireless LAN. It
also consists of a microphone.
The radio cum computer on the back or on the arms is powered by lithium battery. At
chest, another strap contains Solider Control Unit for interfacing with computer.

25. Speedo Fabric (Shark Skin)

26. SPEEDO Intentional, Japan has developed mimic of sharkskin,
which ensures easy swimming
The fastest aquatic creatures have one thing in common: sleek,
durable skin that lets them slice through the water. Following
their lead, the speedo fabric has been developed.
In addition, this fabric is knitted with 3-dimenssional V-shaped
groove with 3-D knitting principal.
Speedo Fabric (Shark Skin)
The sharkskin is made from specially developed polyamide
and Lycra fibre coated with Teflon to prevent water penetration
With help of this V-shaped groove, the friction between water
and swimmer is negligible and drag up to zero.
This increases the efficiency of the swimmer by 8-10%.

28. This shirt is equipped with motion sensors; it can provide feedback about the
wearer’s movements or postures.
Such information is helpful in rehabilitation or
sport applications, where it is important that
certain movements are executed correctly.
The life shirt system is a comfortable garment
that can be worn under normal uniform and it can
automatically and continuously monitor over
40 physical signs such as respiratory rate,
ventilation, swallow counts, arterial pulse
wave, and heart rate.
Smart Shirt
For example, rehabilitation exercises need to
be performed in clearly a defined motion
sequence, with the correct speed and a defined
amount of repetitions.

30. The Brussels, Belgium based research lab, Star Lab has developed a suit which monitors the
heart beat, and then plays certain type of music, adopting the rhythm to push the wearer faster
or slower.
A mobile phone in clothing can send the data by e-
mail to wearer’s club.
This suit has several layers with heat sensor and
microphones embedded in cuffs and collars to measure
light and sound.
Jogging suit
A microchip card inside the suit can sense when jogger is tired and suggest him to continue
or rest.
 From outside it measures the weather and from inside
it monitors wearer’s biophysical state by analyzing this
internal and external characteristics, the jogging suit
can suggest the duration and intensity of exercise
In addition, if something dangerous does happen it can intimate a doctor.

32. These types of fabrics are used during trekking on mountain in windy weather.
Windproof clothing prevents convective heat
transfer. Convective heat loss is a significant factor in
causing discomfort.
In cool or cold, windy condition windproof
clothing keeps us warmer by preventing convective
heat loss (the wind chill effect) and the discomfort
associated with it.
Wind stopper fabric
Wind stopper products are typically coated with DWR (Durable Water Repellent), which
provides them with a modest degree of water resistance.
When wearing a windproof layer, we can maintain our warmth with less insulation in windy
conditions.

34. Sun protective Tshirts are the best and most reliable protection
against the sun. They are recommended by both the World Health
Organization and the dermatologists.
It contains no chemicals that could harm the skin nor the
environment.
The protection from UV radiation that textiles provide is indicated
as a UV PROTECTION FACTOR(UPF) .
Sun Protective clothing
They are slightly extensible and do not loose their shape in time. They resist sand and chlorine
abrasion
Beyond the amazing UV protection (UPF50+), these t-shirts dry up really quickly and absorb
sweat

35.  Light weight
 Durable
 Washable
 Integratable with human body
 Pierce resistant
 Water resistant yet breathable
 Tracking/communication systems
 Monitoring systems
 Usable in security authentication
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36.  Needs to be charged
 Bulky
 Expensive
 Yet to be commercially recognized
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37. Textiles represent an attractive class of
substrates for realizing wearable bio-sensors.
Smart textiles describe the convergence of
electronics ,nanotechnology, information
technology into fabrics which are able to sense,
compute, communicate and actuate. As many
different electronic systems can be connected to
any clothing, a wearable system becomes more
versatile, and the user can change its look
depending on environmental changes and
individual preference.
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