Drilling technology description. Zulaketa prozesuaren deskribapena. Descripción de procesos de taladrado.

1. BACHELOR OF ENGINEERINGBACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGIESMANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGIES
DRILLINGDRILLING
by Endika Gandarias

2. 2by Endika Gandarias
Dr. ENDIKA GANDARIAS MINTEGI
Mechanical and Manufacturing department
Mondragon Unibertsitatea - www.mondragon.edu
(Basque Country)
www.linkedin.com/in/endika-gandarias-mintegi-91174653

3. 3
CONTENTS
BIBLIOGRAPHY
INTRODUCTION
MACHINE TYPES
WORKHOLDING DEVICES
TOOLHOLDING DEVICES
DRILLING OPERATIONS
SAFETY GUIDELINES
APPLICATIONS
GLOSSARY
by Endika Gandarias

4. 4
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BIBLIOGRAPHY
by Endika Gandarias

5. 5
The author would like to thank all the bibliographic references and videos that
have contributed to the elaboration of these presentations.
For bibliographic references, please refer to:
• http://www.slideshare.net/endika55/bibliography-71763364 (PDF file)
• http://www.slideshare.net/endika55/bibliography-71763366 (PPT file)
For videos, please refer to:
• www.symbaloo.com/mix/manufacturingtechnology
BIBLIOGRAPHY
by Endika Gandarias

6. 6
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
by Endika Gandarias

7. 7
DRILLING TECHNOLOGY
INTRODUCTION
 BASIC MOVEMENTS:
– Mc  Cutting movement (regarding the tool)
– Ma  Feed movement (regarding the tool)
Ma
Mc
by Endika Gandarias

8. 8
INTRODUCTION
Brace (tool), 1420
Bow drill (strap-drills)
Upper Paleolithic era, 10,000 years ago
First table top drilling machine
1838
Pump drill
Roman Era, 510 years BC
Gimlet, 1750 Auger, 1800
by Endika Gandarias

9. 9
INTRODUCTION
by Endika Gandarias
Conventional drilling Irregular surface
drilling

10. 10
INTRODUCTION
Typical applications:
1. Holes with clearance for bolts
2. Holes with a screw thread
3. Countersunk holes
4. Holes that have a good fit
5. Holes that form channels
6. Holes to remove weight for balancing
1
2 3 4 5 6

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INTRODUCTION
At home… In industry…
by Endika Gandarias
VIDEO

12. 12
 Drilling covers the methods of making cylindrical holes in a workpiece with metal cutting tools.
 The machine tool is called a drill.
 Typical operations: trepanning, counterboring, countersinking, reaming, boring, tapping, center and
pilot hole drilling,…
 Common to all these processes is a main rotating movement combined with a linear feed.
 Demands on chipbreaking and the evacuation of chips is critical in drilling.
INTRODUCTION
by Endika Gandarias
fn
vc
N
F
VIDEO
N Spindle speed (rpm)
Vc Cutting speed (m/min)
Dc Tool diameter (mm)
F Feed rate (mm/min)
ap Axial cutting depth (mm)
ap
Dc

13. 13
MACHINE TYPES
MACHINE TYPES
by Endika Gandarias

14. 14
Table top Drilling machine Turret Drilling machine
MACHINE TYPES
Higher cuttingHigher cutting
removal rateremoval rate
by Endika Gandarias
VIDEO

15. 15
Pillar Drilling machine
MACHINE TYPES
Radial Drilling machine
Higher cuttingHigher cutting
removal rateremoval rate
by Endika Gandarias
VIDEOVIDEO

16. 16
CNC Drilling machine
MACHINE TYPES
Multi Spindle or Gang Drilling machine
by Endika Gandarias
Gang-drilling
machine
Multi spindle
machineVIDEOVIDEO

17. 17
WORKHOLDING DEVICES
WORKHOLDING DEVICES
by Endika Gandarias

18. 18
WORKHOLDING DEVICES
by Endika Gandarias

19. 19
Plain vise Plain vise with swivel base Universal vise
Angle vise Compound vise
WORKHOLDING DEVICES
Vise
by Endika Gandarias
Magnetic vise

20. 20
Clamps
 Used for big size or irregular parts.
 Part is hold using clamps, t-slot bolts, screws, washers, nuts, parallels, step blocks,…
 It is important to keep in mind the efforts/deformations produced on the part.
by Endika Gandarias
WORKHOLDING DEVICES
Step block
Toe mold clamp
Angle plate
Cam clamp
Washer
C clamp V blockSwing clamp
T-nut
T-slot bolt

21. 21
WORKHOLDING DEVICES
By hand
Using the hands
(long parts)
Using a hand vise
(short parts)
Special holding devices
by Endika Gandarias

22. 22
TOOLHOLDING DEVICES
TOOLHOLDING DEVICES
by Endika Gandarias

23. 23
TOOLHOLDING DEVICES
by Endika Gandarias

24. 24
Drill chuck
KEY TYPE CHUCK KEYLESS CHUCK
TOOLHOLDING DEVICES
by Endika Gandarias
Morse Taper Shank
Straight Shank
 It is used to hold cylindrical shank drills.

25. 25
Drill sleeve
TOOLHOLDING DEVICES
by Endika Gandarias
 It is used to hold tapered shank drills.
 For too SMALL drills for the tapered hole in the spindle.
Drill socket
 It is used to hold tapered shank drills.
 For too LARGE drills for the tapered hole in the spindle.

26. 26
Direct clamping
TOOLHOLDING DEVICES
by Endika Gandarias
Drifts

27. 27
MACHINING OPERATIONS
MACHINING OPERATIONS
by Endika Gandarias

28. 28
Counter boring
DRILLING. Machining operations
MACHINING OPERATIONS
by Endika Gandarias
Reaming
Counter sinking
TappingCenter drilling
Spot facing
Tapered drilling
Redrilling
Step drilling
Drilling
Deep hole drilling
Trepanning

29. 29
5xD
10xD
Dc
15xD
L/Dc
Deep hole drilling
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 110
Trepanning
Solid carbide drill
Small
length drill
Brazed
carbide drill
Big diameter
drill
MACHINING OPERATIONS
by Endika Gandarias
DRILLING. Drill types

30. 30
 The lowest price per hole.
 Very versatile tool (capable of drilling, re-drilling, boring and
facing).
 Bigger diameter than solid carbide drills.
 Medium tolerances.
MACHINING OPERATIONS
by Endika Gandarias
DRILLING. Drill types
Indexable insert drill
Solid carbide drill
Brazed carbide drill
 For small diameter holes.
 Drilling depths up to 15xD
 Tight tolerances.
 Alternative to solid carbide drill for large
diameters and a high stability Is needed (less
sensitive steel body).
VIDEO
VIDEO

31. 31
MACHINING OPERATIONS
by Endika Gandarias
DRILLING. Drill types
 Standard diameters up to 80mm.
 Standard diameters up to 110mm.
 Interesting when machine power is limited (lower power
consumption than using conventional driills).
 Long diameters up to 72 x D.
Big diameter drill
Trepanning
Deep hole drill
VIDEO
VIDEO

32. 32
Layout work
MACHINING OPERATIONS
Placing of the prick punch
Scribing with height
gauge scriber
Scribing with steel scriber and
steel straight edge
Scribing with steel scriber
and try square
Steps when scribing
with dividers
by Endika Gandarias
SCRIBING PUNCH MARKING
When the manual hole center is done before going to the drill.

33. 33
Spot drilling / Center drilling
MACHINING OPERATIONS
The purpose of spot drilling is to drill a hole that will act as a
guide for drilling the final hole.
Used in milling and drilling machines.
The purpose of center drilling is to drill a hole that will act as a
center of rotation for possible following operations.
Used in turning machines.
 It is the most common drilling
operation, where a hole is drilled in
solid material.
by Endika Gandarias
Drilling
Through hole Blind hole
SPOT DRILLING
CENTER DRILLING
VIDEO
VIDEO

34. 34
Trepanning
MACHINING OPERATIONS
 Trepanning is commonly used for creating larger diameter holes (up to
1.000 mm) where a standard drill bit is not feasible or economical.
 The trepanning tool does not machine the whole diameter, only a ring at
the periphery.
 In horizontal set-ups, long and heavy cores may require a core support to
prevent the core from falling down (not in vertical).
 This method is for through-hole applications.
Redrilling or boring
 It consists on increasing the hole size.
by Endika Gandarias
VIDEO

35. 35
Counterboring
Countersinking
MACHINING OPERATIONS
 The tool is called “counterbore”, and it has a
pilot to guide the cutting action.
 It is commonly used for:
 enlarging a hole to make a bolt head fit
flush with the surface.
 spot facing in workpieces that are forged
or casted.
 This process is similar to counterboring, but the step in the hole is cone-
shaped.
 The tool is called “countersink”.
 A common use is:
 to allow the head of a countersunk bolt or screw, when placed in the
hole, to sit flush with or below the surface of the surrounding material.
 to remove the burr left from a previous drilling or tapping operation.
 to enhance pin entry.
by Endika Gandarias
VIDEOVIDEO
VIDEO
VIDEO
VIDEO

36. 36
a) Manual reamers: long entry (A)
and length (L)
b) Milling reamers: short entry (A)
and length (L)
c) Reamer with no shank or
separated shank.
VIDEO
MACHINING OPERATIONS
The reamer never should be
spinned counterclockwise.
Reaming
​
Straight flute
Axial coolant supply​
For blind holes
Spiral flute
Lateral coolant supply​
For through holes
by Endika Gandarias
RIGHT WRONG
 Objective: To achive a good surface roughness and good
dimensional tolerances (H7) in a pre-drilled hole.
 High penetration rates and small depths of cut.
 The tool is called “reamer”.

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Taper drilling
MACHINING OPERATIONS
 Taper drills were engineered to be used to pre drill the pilot holes for the
shank and threaded portion of a wood screw.
Step drilling
 The tool is called “step drill”.
 The transition between this ground diameter and the original diameter is
either straight, to form a counterbore, or angled, to form a countersink.
 These drills are limited to use on thin material (e.g. sheet-metal work).
 Improves production times, reduces number of drills.
by Endika Gandarias
VIDEO

38. 38
Brazed drill head
Diameter range 15 - 65mm
150 x Dc
IT9, Ra 2 µm
Deep hole drilling
MACHINING OPERATIONS
by Endika Gandarias
Gun drill
Diameter range 1 - 40mm
100 x Dc
IT9, Ra 0,1–3,20 µm
Insert drill head
Diameter range 25 - 65mm
150 x Dc
IT10, Ra 2 µm
Counterboring head
Diameter range 20 - 280mm
150 x Dc
IT 9-10, Ra 1 µm

39. 39
 The tool is called “tap”.
 It is commonly used for small threads.
 Used for manual or automatic operations.
Straight flute tap
Spiral point tap
Spiral flute tap Forming tap
by Endika Gandarias
Tapping
MACHINING OPERATIONS
1- Tapping:
Rough
Intermediate
Finish
MANUAL OPERATION
Hand tap wrench
T-handle
tap wrench
AUTOMATIC OPERATION
VIDEOVIDEO

40. 40
 The tool is called “die”.
 It is commonly used for small threads.
 Used for manual operations.
a) Within the lathe.
b) In a bench vise.
Main spindle
(chuck)
Part
Die
Stock (handle)
VIDEO
2- Die threading:
b)
a)
Die
Stock
(handle)
MACHINING OPERATIONS
by Endika Gandarias
Die handle
Tapping
MANUAL OPERATION

41. 41
SAFETY GUIDELINES
by Endika Gandarias
SAFETY GUIDELINES

42. 42by Endika Gandarias
Goggles
safety guards or
machine encapsulation
Ear muff or Ear plug
Gloves
Clothing
Shoes
SAFETY GUIDELINES

43. 43
DRILLING APPLICATIONS
by Endika Gandarias
DRILLING APPLICATIONS

44. 44
STACK DRILLING
Steel
DRILLING APPLICATIONS
by Endika Gandarias
ROTOR BLADE
Composite or carbon fiber

45. 45
GLOSSARY
by Endika Gandarias
GLOSSARY

46. 46
GLOSSARY
by Endika Gandarias
ENGLISH SPANISH BASQUE
Angle plate Placa angular Plaka angeluar
Auger Barrena Laztabin
Axial cutting depth Profundidad de pasada axial Sakontze sakonera
Balancing Equilibrado Orekatze
Blade Álabe Alabe
Blind Ciego Itsu
Bolt Tornillo Torloju
Boring Mandrinado Mandrinaketa
Bow drill Taladradora de arco Arkuzko zulagailua
Brace Berbiqui Birabarki
Brazed carbide drill Broca soldada de carburo Karburozko soldatutako barautsa
C clamp Sargento Sarjenta
Cam Leva Espeka
Center drill Broca de centrar Zentratzeko barautsa
Center drilling Punteado Punteaketa
Chip Viruta Txirbil
Clamp Brida Brida
Clearance Holgura Lasaiera
Coolant Refrigerante Hozkarria
Counterboring Avellanado Abeilanaketa
Counterclockwise Giro antihorario Erloju orratzen aurkako biraketa
Countersinking Lamado Lamaketa
Die Terraja Terraila
Drill chuck Portabrocas Barauts etxea
Drill drift Cuña Ziri / Falka
Drill sleeve Manguito reductor Zorro murriztaile
Drill socket Manguito ampliador Haunditze zorroa
Drilling Taladrado Zulaketa

47. 47
GLOSSARY
by Endika Gandarias
ENGLISH SPANISH BASQUE
Ear muff / Ear plug Orejera de casco Entzumen kaskoak
Feed rate Avance por minuto Aitzinamendua minutuko
Finish Acabado Akabera
Fit Ajuste Doikuntza
Flute Estría Ildaska
Gang Grupo Multzo
Gimlet Barrena Laztabin
Gloves Guantes Eskularruak
Goggles Gafas de seguridad Segurtasun betaurrekoak
Height gauge Medidor de altura Altuera neurgailua
Key Llave Giltza
Lathe Torno Tornu
Pillar Columna Zutabe
Prick punch Granete Granete
Reaming Escariado Otxabuketa
Redrilling Retaladrado Birzulaketa
Removal rate Tasa de arranque Harroketa tasa
Ring Anillo Eraztun
Rough Desbaste Arbastaketa
Safety guidelines Normas de seguridad Segurtasun arauak
Scribing Trazado Marraketa
Shank Mango Kirten
Solid carbide drill Broca enteriza de carburo Karburozko pieza bakarreko barautsa
Spindle Cabezal Buru
Spindle speed Velocidad de giro Biraketa abiadura
Spotting drill Broca de puntear Punteatzeko barautsa
Stack Apilar Metatu
Step block Calzo escalonado Altxagarri mailakatua

48. 48
GLOSSARY
by Endika Gandarias
ENGLISH SPANISH BASQUE
Step drilling Taladrado escalonado Zulaketa mailakatua
Swing clamp Brida oscilante Brida kulunkari
Swivel base Base giratoria Oinarri birakorra
Table top Escritorio Mahai gaineko
Tang Espiga Mihi / Ziri
Tap Macho de roscar Hariztatzeko ardatza
Taper Cónico Koniko
Tapping Roscado con macho Ardatzarekin egindako hariztaketa
Through hole Pasante Aldez aldeko
Tight Estrecho Estu
Toolhonding device Sistema de amarrar herramientas Erramintak lotzeko sistemak
Trepanning Trepanado Trepanaketa
Try square Escuadra Eskuaira
Turret Torreta Torreta
Vise Mordaza Baraila
Washer Arandela Zirrindola
Workholding device Sistema de amarrar piezas Piezak lotzeko sistemak
Wrench Llave Giltza