This document provides information about machining fundamentals including chip formation, cutting temperatures, cutting forces and power, and includes a glossary of related terms. It discusses different types of chip formation and factors that influence it. It also addresses how heat is distributed during cutting and explains models for calculating cutting forces, power requirements, and metal removal rates for turning, milling, and drilling operations. Key terms are defined in both English and Spanish/Basque languages in the glossary section.
This presentation contains various aspects of metal cutting like mechanics of chip formation, single point cutting tool, chip breakers, types of chips,etc
The one of the major part of CNC Machine is Cutting tools or Inserts. We need to study the Cutting tools and its nomenclature throughly and also study the materials of Cutting tools and types of tools. The Cutting tools are used to remove unwanted materials in the workpiece and to provide a good finish for a customers need.So the Cutting tools is very important to CNC Machine, if there is no cutting tool in CNC Machine, there is no CNC Machine. So the cutting tools are very important to all CNC Machines
Theory of Metal cutting - Principles of Metal cutting, orthogonal and oblique cutting, Merchant circle diagram, cutting forces, power requirements, Economics of machining,problems
Manufacturing Engineering 2, cutting tools and tool holdersGaurav Mistry
Detail study of cutting tool materials, some special materials, carbide tip tools, carbide inserts, types, carbide insert holders, ISO designation of carbide inserts, single point cutting tool nomenclature and angles, tool geometry, Tool life, tool wear and types, machinability
This presentation contains various aspects of metal cutting like mechanics of chip formation, single point cutting tool, chip breakers, types of chips,etc
The one of the major part of CNC Machine is Cutting tools or Inserts. We need to study the Cutting tools and its nomenclature throughly and also study the materials of Cutting tools and types of tools. The Cutting tools are used to remove unwanted materials in the workpiece and to provide a good finish for a customers need.So the Cutting tools is very important to CNC Machine, if there is no cutting tool in CNC Machine, there is no CNC Machine. So the cutting tools are very important to all CNC Machines
Theory of Metal cutting - Principles of Metal cutting, orthogonal and oblique cutting, Merchant circle diagram, cutting forces, power requirements, Economics of machining,problems
Manufacturing Engineering 2, cutting tools and tool holdersGaurav Mistry
Detail study of cutting tool materials, some special materials, carbide tip tools, carbide inserts, types, carbide insert holders, ISO designation of carbide inserts, single point cutting tool nomenclature and angles, tool geometry, Tool life, tool wear and types, machinability
This project aim is to produce electricity using the concept of rotating wind turbine. Wind caused by moving train is used to generate electricity. The idea is to design wind turbine that can be installed between the slippers on the track. As a train passes by, wind pressure drives the turbine to generate the electricity, this device could be placed along railway line and make good use of waste resources. An electrical power generation system comprises of variable capacitors and power sources. Power sources is used in the form of generator to prime variable capacitor that effectively multiplies the priming energy of power source by extracting energy from passing vehicle
Developing Design Cracker Anacardium occidentale (mente) for Home IndustrialIOSR Journals
These purpose of my research was to design the peeled of cutting and made its quality and quantity
of the cracker mente. The method for evaluation was designing and testing several peel models, testing crack
effectively, and testing for its quality and quantity cracker. With developing design craker mente, we found the
cracker home industrial. The cracker mente have developed design a cutting knife with follow the mente’s the
top of the ellipse knife. The length effectively was the maximum produce cracker quality is 8 mm with width
mente average 25-27 mm. The result of the desain knife for cracker mente has to be grade mente quality to
produce to be 79,25% each 1 kg with time peeling take 26 menit, 55 detik.
Kata kunci : Peeling mente.
De belangrijkste eigenschappen van de P-range zijn:
- Laagspanning 24/36/48 Vdc
- IP55
- Toerental van 1 tot 800 rpm en max. 250 Nm nom.
- Levensduur vetsmering
- Dubbele kogellagering op de uitgaande as
Drivetecno is leverancier van deze motoren.
Kijk voor meer informatie op: http://www.drivetecno.nl/productcategorie/borstelloze-reductoren/
KF KAF Series Flange Mounted Helical Bevel Gearbox Designed Lance Shi NER GROUP
K series helical-bevel speed reducer | gearbox | gear box | hoist gearbox,KF/KAF series flange-mounted helical bevel geared motor gearboxes,Gearbox Prices KF series Speed Governor for Electric Motors
Bonfiglioli kf series precision right angle gearbox Bonfiglioli kf series precision right angle gearbox Bonfiglioli kf series precision right angle gearbox Bonfiglioli kf series precision right angle gearbox
Design of an effective automated machine for quality palm kernel productionIOSR Journals
Abstract: Palm kernel production potentials of several countries are far from been fully exploited. At present,
many countries are operating below expected capacity and this research effort is to develop an appropriate
machine for quality production of palm kernel. Power requirement of the machine is 4.29kw, resultant bending
moment of the shaft is 4.67Nm and 85.30Nm and diameter of the shaft is 25.39mm. The machine is evaluated
using ‘Dura’ variety at moisture content; 12.00%, 11.10%, 10.20%, 9.60% and 9.00%, and ‘Tenera’ variety at;
12.00%, 11.00%, 10.00%, 9.10% and 8.20% moisture content. The performance of the machine shows that
throughput capacity increases from 625-1270 kg/hr for ‘Dura’ and also increases from 750-1200 kg/hr for
‘Tenera’. Mechanical damage reduces from 2.47-1.40% for ‘Dura’ and reduces from 1.16-0.20% for ‘Tenera’.
Functional efficiency increases from 92.30-96.40% for ‘Dura’ and increases from 95.50-99.07% for ‘Tenera’.
Quality performance efficiency increases from 91.00-95.30% for ‘Dura’ and increases from 95.50-98.80% for
‘Tenera’. The mean shearing force in ‘Dura’ is 31.10 ± 0.20N and that of ‘Tenera’ is 12.66 ± 0.20N.
Keywords - design, efficiency machine, palm kernel,
Manufacturing Technologies bibliography.for presentations.
Fabrikazio Teknologien aurkezpenetan erabilitako bibliografia.
Bibliografía empleada en las presentaciones de Tecnologías de Fabricación.
Manufacturing Technologies bibliography.for presentations.
Fabrikazio Teknologien aurkezpenetan erabilitako bibliografia.
Bibliografía empleada en las presentaciones de Tecnologías de Fabricación.
Microtechnologies: past, present and futureendika55
Microtechnologies description: past, present and future
Mikroteknologien deskribapena: lehena, oraina eta geroa
Descripción de las microtecnologías: pasado, presente y futuro
Microtechnologies: Past, present and futureendika55
Microtechnologies description: past, present and future
Mikroteknologien deskribapena: lehena, oraina eta geroa
Descripción de las Microtecnologías: pasado, presente y futuro
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
#vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore#blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #blackmagicforlove #blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #Amilbabainuk #amilbabainspain #amilbabaindubai #Amilbabainnorway #amilbabainkrachi #amilbabainlahore #amilbabaingujranwalan #amilbabainislamabad
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Design and Analysis of Algorithms-DP,Backtracking,Graphs,B&B
Machining fundamentals
1. BACHELOR OF ENGINEERINGBACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGIESMANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGIES
MACHINING FUNDAMENTALSMACHINING FUNDAMENTALS
by Endika Gandarias
2. 2by Endika Gandarias
Dr. ENDIKA GANDARIAS MINTEGI
Mechanical and Manufacturing department
Mondragon Unibertsitatea - www.mondragon.edu
(Basque Country)
www.linkedin.com/in/endika-gandarias-mintegi-91174653
Further presentations: www.symbaloo.com/mix/manufacturingtechnology
5. 5
The author would like to thank all the bibliographic references and videos that
have contributed to the elaboration of these presentations.
For bibliographic references, please refer to:
• http://www.slideshare.net/endika55/bibliography-71763364 (PDF file)
• http://www.slideshare.net/endika55/bibliography-71763366 (PPT file)
For videos, please refer to:
• www.symbaloo.com/mix/manufacturingtechnology
BIBLIOGRAPHY
by Endika Gandarias
8. 8by Endika Gandarias
CHIP FORMATION
More realistic view of chip formation,
showing shear zone rather than shear
plane.
t0 : depth of cut (mm)
tc : chip thickness (mm)
Orthogonal cutting model
VIDEOVIDEO
10. 10
VIDEO
by Endika Gandarias
CHIP FORMATION
Discontinuous chip Continuous chip Continuous chip
with Built-Up Edge
Serrated or
segmented chip
VIDEO VIDEO VIDEO VIDEO
It depends on:
Workpiece material
Tool geometry
Cutting conditions
Chip formation types
11. 11by Endika Gandarias
CHIP FORMATION
Chip formation types
Chip formation and cutting temperatures in different workpiece materials:
13. 13by Endika Gandarias
CUTTING TEMPERATURES
The maximum heat generated during cutting is close to the cutting edge, in the chip breaker.
This is where the maximum pressure from the material is, and, with the friction between chip and
carbide, causes these high temperatures.
Severe temperature gradients within the tool and the chip occurs, and the workpiece remains relatively
cool. Heat distribution is:
80% through the chip.
10% through the workpiece.
10% through the tool.
VIDEO
15. 15
Pc =
Fc × Vc
60 × 103
× ηm
N
CUTTING FORCES & POWER
Fc = kc × ap × fn
[kW][N]
TURNING
Q = Vc × ap × fn [cm3
/min]
by Endika Gandarias
Mc =
Fc × Davg
2
[N*m]
Davg = average diameter (mm) Davg = (D0-Df)/2
Vc = cutting speed (m/min)
fn = feed per revolution (mm/rev)
ap = radial cutting depth (mm)
Kc = specific cutting force (N/mm2
)
ηm = machine efficiency (0.7-0.8)
Fc = cutting force (N)
Mc = torque (N*m)
Pc = net cutting power (kW)
Q = metal removal rate MRR (cm3
/min)
16. 16
CUTTING FORCES & POWER
TURNING
by Endika Gandarias
Fc = cutting force (N)
Ft = thrust or feed force (N)
Fr = radial force (N)
F = feed rate (mm/min)
ηm = machine efficiency (0.7-0.8)
Pa = feed power (kW)
Pr = radial power (kW)
Ft ≈ 0,4 × Fc [N]
Fr ≈ 0,2 × Fc [N]
Pa =
Ft × F
60 × 106
× ηm
[kW]
Pr = 0 [kW] (due to no motion)
Pa << Pc
17. 17
CUTTING FORCES & POWER
TURNING
EXERCISE:
An external turning operation is accomplished for a 60mm rod steel CMC02.1 material using Vc=400 m/min.
Calculate for the following 2 cases:
by Endika Gandarias
Fc? [N] & Pc ? [kW] / Ft ? [N] & Pa ? [kW] / Fr ? [N] & Pr ? [kW]
Q ? [cm3
/min] Mc ? [N*m]
18. 18
ap = axial cutting depth (mm)
ae = radial cutting depth (mm)
kc = specific cutting force (N/mm2
)
F = feed rate (mm/min)
N = spindle speed (rpm)
Fc = cutting force (N)
Mc = torque (N*m)
Pc = net power (kW)
Q = metal removal rate MRR (cm3
/min)
CUTTING FORCES & POWER
MILLING
Pc =
Fc × F
60 × 106Fc = kc × ap × ae
[kW]
[N]
Q =
ap × ae × F
1000
[cm3
/min]
by Endika Gandarias
Mc =
Pc × 30 × 103
π × N
[N*m]
19. 19
Dc = 125 mm
ap = 5 mm
ae = 100 mm
F = 600 mm/min
EXERCISE:
A face milling operation is accomplished for a CMC 02.1 material.
It is known:
CUTTING FORCES & POWER
MILLING
Fc? [N] Q ? [cm3
/min]
Pc? [kW] Mc? [Nm]
by Endika Gandarias
20. 20
kc = specific cutting force (N/mm2
)
Dc = drill diameter (mm)
fn = feed per revolution (mm/rev)
κr = positioning angle (º)
N = spindle speed (rpm)
Vc = cutting speed (m/min)
Ff = feed force (N)
Mc = torque (N*m)
Pc = net power (kW)
Q = Metal removal rate MRR (cm3
/min)
CUTTING FORCES & POWER
DRILLING
Ff ≈ [kW][N]
Q =
Dc × fn × Vc
4
[cm3
/min]
Pc =
kc × Dc × fn × Vc
240 × 103
kc × Dc × fn× sen κr
4
by Endika Gandarias
Mc =
Pc × 30 × 103
π × N
[N*m]
21. 21
CUTTING FORCES & POWER
DRILLING
Dc = 12 mm
fn = 0,21 mm/rev
κr = 59º
Vc = 105 m/min
EXERCISE:
A drilling operation is accomplished for a CMC 06.1 material.
It is known:
Ff ? [N]
Pc? [kW]
Q? [cm3
/min]
by Endika Gandarias
23. 23
GLOSSARY
by Endika Gandarias
ENGLISH SPANISH BASQUE
Alloy Aleación Aleazio
Axial cutting depth Profundidad de pasada axial Sakontze sakonera
Built-up edge Filo de aportación Ekarpen sorbatz
Chip Viruta Txirbil
Chip breaker Rompe virutas Txirbil hauslea
Continuous chip Viruta continua Txirbil jarraia
Continuous chip with built-up edge Viruta continua con filo de aportación Txirbil jarraiko ekarpen sorbatz
Cool Fresco Hozkirri / Fresko
Cutting speed Velocidad de corte Ebaketa abiadura
Discontinuous chip Viruta discontinua Txirbil ez jarraia
Drilling Taladrado Zulaketa
Engagement Empañe Lausotua
Feed per revolution Avance por vuelta Aitzinamendua birako
Feed per tooth Avance por diente Aitzinamendua hortzeko
Feed rate Avance por minuto Aitzinamendua minutuko
Flank Flanco / Lateral Albo
Hardness Dureza Gogortasuna
Milling Fresado Fresaketa
Net power Potencia neta Potentzi garbia
Oblique cutting Corte oblicuo Ebaketa zeihar
Orthogonal cutting Corte ortogonal Ebaketa ortogonala
Positioning angle Ángulo de posicionamiento Posizionamendu angelu
Power Potencia Potentzia
Radial cutting depth Profundidad de pasada radial / ancho de pasada Iraganaldi zabalera
Rake Desprendimiento Jaulkitze
Removal rate Tasa de eliminación Eliminazio tasa
Rod Barra Barra
Serrated or segmented chip Viruta escalonada o segmentada Txirbil mailakatu edo segmentatua
24. 24
GLOSSARY
by Endika Gandarias
ENGLISH SPANISH BASQUE
Shear strain zone Zona de deformación por cizalladura Ebakidura bidezko deformazio gunea
Shearing Cizallamiento Ebakidura / Zizailadura
Specific cutting force Fuerza de corte específico Ebaketa indar espezifikoa
Spindle Cabezal Buru
Spindle speed Velocidad de giro Biraketa abiadura
Steel Acero Altzairu
Thickness Espesor Lodiera
Thrust Empuje Bultzada
Tool Herramienta Erraminta
Turning Torneado Torneaketa
Wear Desgaste Higadura
Workpiece Pieza Pieza